Table Of Content

Author Index Prentice J, Learning from the Japanese Vision: A Toyama M. See Mori F et al. British Consultant’s Personal Perspective Truckenbrod J, Women and the Social 86, 263 Construction of the Computing Culture: Evolving New Forms of Computing 345 Rosenbrock H Tsourikov V M, Inventive Machine: Second book review 103 Generation 62 Technology and its Environment 117 Vehvilainen M. See Mackinnon A et al. Sakurai H, Ecology of Technology: Survival and Compatibility 157 Wagner I, Women’s Voice: The Case of Nursing Satofuka F, Editorial: Ecology of Technology 107 Information Systems 295 Schelhowe H, Gender Symbolism and Changes in Warglien M. See Masuch M and Warglien M Lifeworld Through Information Wittrock B, Polity, Economy and Knowledge in Technology 358 the Age of Modernity in Europe 127 Senker J, The Contribution of Tacit Knowledge to Innovation 208 AI& SOCIETY Subject Index for Volume 7 (1993) Adaptation 248, 250 CALLISTO 255 Adapting to change 267 Causality 123-5 Adhocracy 257 Central Europe 138 Algorithm of inventive problem solving Ceramics 216, 217 (AIPS) 67-8, 71 Certification 232-3 Alternative technology 111 Change, adapting to 267 AM (Lenat’s) 53 Chaos 8 Amenny condition 152 Chemical control 114 Androgyny, men’s conception of 362 CNN 139 AnthropoCentric perspective of technology 115 Cognitive science programme 314 Application-specific integrated circuit production. COKES 255 See ASIC Cold utilitarianism 248, 250 Artificial intelligence 53, 54 Communication via computer networks 365-6 and philosophy (book review) 102 Competency formation and gender 286 epistemology of 314 Computer-based creativity enhancement tools 22 feminist epistemology in 311 Computer-based tools and techniques 6, 53 in organization and management theory (book Computer games 368-85 review) 101 and structure of narrative 370-2 societal consequences 60 and women 382-4 sociological approaches 319-20 powerplay in 380-2 stance of 187 see also Video games strong 315-17 Computer networks, communication via 365-6 weak 315-17 Computer programming Artists, computer programming for 349-50 for artists 349-50 Artwork in computing 356 strategies of 349-50 ASIC women in 349-50 automated control systems 143-4 Computer software, intelligent generative 353-4 effects of society 146 Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW). future 149 See CSCW job-shop processes 142 Computing (and computers) outline of plant 142 artwork in 356 problems after start-up 145 as gendered social construct 346-7 process flow diagram 143 constructing new forms for 350-4 shop floor personnel training 145 education and gender in 282-6 working conditions 144-5 female and male goal and objectives 348-9 Authenticity, agenda of 43-4 fifth generation computer development Automation programme 266 cultural aspects 148-9 in health care 302 Japan 141-50 in office work 323-44 research 118 in the workplace 290 success factors 146 processes from nature in 354 relational model in 351-2 Background influences 12 secretarial adaptation of 331-8 Baroque legacy 41-2 training infrastructure in 335-8 Biological ecology 161-2 women in 280-94, 345-57 Biotechnology 216, 218 Confederation 135-9 Subject Index Cooperation 4-39, 267 European Union 139 Corporate environment 160-1 Expert systems 221, 225-37 Cost efficiency as work regulator 304-6 in business, (book review) 268 Creation, dilemmas and ambiguities 49 Expert’s systems 54-6 Creative Process Model 31 Creative renewal programme 78-100 Feminist critique of information technology Creative Support System (CSS) 26 358-9 Creative Thesaurus Trawl Box 7-8 Feminist epistemology Creative Thinking Process Model 8-13 concept of 312-14 Creativity 4-39, 250, 267 in AI 311 and evolutionary result delivery 98 see also Women computer applications 100 Feminist theories of gender and technology 281 contribution estimation 95-6 Fieldism (actual product, actual spot policy) 147 electronic process 350-1 Flexible inference control 243-4 enhancement techniques and tools for 22 Formal knowledge 215 in Socrates form 84 integrated 350-1 Gender measurement and tracking 96-8 and competency formation 286 multidimensional objectives 93-4 and computing 280-94, 346-7 objectives 92-3 and computing education 282-6 opportunity sensing 94 and knowledge 311 practical devices 92-100 and technology 275 practical purposeful constructs 90-100 division of labour by 363-6 protection 99-100 in information technology 358-67 CSCW 32, 252-63 in language 347-8 Al technologies in 255 in video games 368-85 concept of 253 see also Women coordinating complex projects 258 “Giving birth” scripts 317-19 danger of decontextualization 261 GROK 54-6, 58, 59 ethical issues 261 Group work 154 flaming 261-2 managing complex projects 255-7 Health care methodological and social issues 260-2 computers in 302 progress reports 259-60 record systems in 302 role of coordinator 258-60 Home-based electronic work 364 Cultural environment for science and HOMS 151-6 technology 169-75 amenity conditions 154-5 Cultural identity and political order 135, 136 CNC machine tools 155 Culture, role in technological advancement 248 comparison with present enterprises 151 Cyc 56, 57 functional requirements 154 human participation 154 Database management systems 327 humans pride and pleasure in 154 Decision Support System (DSS) 26 personnel involvement 153 DENDRAL 53 profitability 155 Developing nations, industrialization 111 research 155 Devolution in organizations 257-8 Human relations 125 Division of labour by gender 363-6 Human-computer interface (HCI) 241 Domain experts 225-37 Human-machine interface 245 DREAMS (Drawing Recognisable Automatic Human-Oriented Manufacturing Systems. See Manufacturing Systems) 155 HOMS Dreyfus, H. 195 Humboldtiand university 139 Duty to warn 234-5 Dynamic iteration 8 IBIS method 255 IKBS 311-12 Eastern Europe 138 Improvement through evolution 147-8 Ecological considerations 147 Industrial revolution, innovative processes of 171 Ecological niche theory 163-5 Informal design Ecology empirical indications of 330-1 and techno-linkage 113-14 fostering 339-42 and technology. See Technology processes of 338-9 Eurocentric model of development 110 Information 20 European Community 136 Information Lens 254 92 Subject Index Information Resources Management (IRM) 31 Language Information systems gender in 347-8 design perspectives 324~7 modification of (book review) 178 nursing 295-310 probiems 169 Information technology Learning, innovation through 267 feminist critique of 358-9 Legal action against ES developers 234 gender in 358-67 Legal liability 225-37 in nursing 306 Legitimation 189 Japan 148 Licensing 232-3 Singapore 116 Life-Beam background influence 12 Innovation 4-39 Litigation, avoiding 232 dilemmas and ambiguities 49 Local area networks (LAN) 144, 327, 332-5 ‘Problem-Product’ cycle 73-5 Local conversion vs technological tacit knowledge in 208-24 migration 165-6 through learning 267 Innovative processes of industrial revolution 171 Manhattan Project 167 Intellectual stimulation 11 Manufacturing systems Interactive Theorem Prover 53 amenity condition 152 Interest affirmation test 80 present enterprises 151 Intrication checklist 83-4 see also HOMS Inventive Machine (IM) project Masculinity comparison with 67 dominant 378 composition 72-3 in video games 377 goals 62 Max-Planck-Geselischaft 133 history 62 MERMAID 254 list of problems 75-6 Meta-Beam background influence 12 notion of inventive problem 63-5 Mind Framework 58, 59 second generation 62-77 Modernisation and secularisation 172-3 system 1.X 69-70 Modernity, age of 127-40 system effect 70-1 Motivation 9, 267 technology of problem solving 71-2 MTV 139 TIPS knowledge base 65-7 Multifunctional personnel 148 TIPS machine architecture 67-9 National environment 160-1 Janik, A. 195 Nature, structures and processes in 354 Japan Negligence 229-32 as secular society 173-4 Networks, and organizations 257; (book automation 141-50 review) 269 industrial scene 264 New technology, successful introduction of information technology 148 158-9 learning from Japanese vision 86-90 Numerical control (NC) 220 MITI-industrial model 167 Nursing project teams 265-6 cultural transformation of 295 science and technology 171-2 information systems 295-310 technology management 110 information technology 306 today’s vision 265 OECD 136 Kagakugijutsu 170-1 Office Automation Knowledge Requirements Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft (KWG) 133 (OAKR) 332 KARDEX systems 302 Office work Kinaesthetics model 352-3 computers in 323-44 K-Log (book review) 176 women in 323-44 Knowledge 20 Organizations Knowledge articulation 194-5 and networks 257; (book review) 269 Knowledge-based systems 54, 245 devolution in 257-8 user role in 238-47 Knowledge bank 11 Parallel computing 216, 217 Knowledge engineering 54 Parallel thinking 8 Knowledge tools (book review) 176 Participating problem solving 238 Knowledge Ventures 53, 56, 59 Participatory design 238 Pattern-making from words 6 Labour management, Japan 141-50 Perturbation models 242-3 Subject Index Philosophy and AI (book review) 102 Solid-state physics 220 Polanyi, M., The Tacit Dimension 198 Spreadsheet systems 327 Political orders 129 Stance of AI 187 and cultural identity 135, 136 Standards of care/conduct 233-4 Political practices 128 Stare decisis 230 Postmodern pluralism 198-201 Strategic research 135-9 Power Strategic Thought 54-6, 58, 59 in computer games 380-2 System adaptability 238, 242-3 in video games 368 System functionality 238 Private vs public technology 165 Privatisation trend 168 Tacit knowledge 195 Problem representation 8 codification of 218-21 Problem solving importance of 212-13 participating 238 in emerging technologies 214-18 techniques for 30 in innovation 208-24 Productive functionality 1-3 Taylorism 119-20, 124-6 Products liability 227-9 Techno-linkage and ecology 113-14 Project teams, Japan 265-6 Technological advancement, role of culture Public vs private technology 165 in 248 PULSAR 62-3 Technological convergence 122 Purpose as technical category 126 Technological determinism 122 Technological environment, appropriateness Record systems in health care 302 of 163-9 Recruitment strategies 217 Technological migration vs local Reflexivity 188 conversion 165-6 Relational model in computing 351-2 Technology Representation 201-4 analytical tool of state of affairs in 111 consensus and authenticity in 40-51 and ecology 107, 109-116 of scientific methodology 193-4 primary stage 113 privileged 45-6 survival and compatibility 157-63 representation of 42-3 and environment 117-26 rules of 44—5 AnthropoCentric perspective of 115 Research support systems 53 as basis of national development 111 Rhetoric 187 control of 114 development, management of 147 Science and technology European concept of 115 cultural environment for 169-75 military-driven 114 faith in power of 110 relative prosperity of 162 future of 109 survival of 159-60 Japan 171-2 see also Science and technology new international order of 115 Technology transfer recent issues 112 West to non-West 166 Scientific manpower, prolems of 168 West to West 166 Scientific methodology, representation of 193-4 TEIRESIAS 53 Scientific research, late 19th century Teleworking, women in 290-2 Europe 132-5 Text-processing systems, secretarial 327-30 Secretarial adaptation of computers 331-8 TIPS knowledge base 65-7 Secretarial text-processing systems 327-30 TIPS machine architecture 67-9 Secularisation and modernisation 172-3 Training infrastructure in computing 335-8 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) 233 Transnational companies 135-9 Self-Managed Office Automation Project (SMOAP) 336-7 UMIST project 120-2 Sensory stimulation 11 Unicorn Components 57 Simulation as participative theatre 47-8 Unicorn Project 52-61 Singapore, information technology 116 Phase I 56-9 “Small is beautiful” doctrine 112 Phase II 59-60 Social exclusion 183 Unicorn Representation Language (URL) 57 Social sciences, history and sociology of 127 United Kingdom, industrial decline 264 Social system of production 129 Unpopular Value 54-6, 59 Socrates form, creativity in 84 USA, model of military-industrial complex 166 SOLI (Solo Or Limitless Innovation) 26-30, User modelling 241-2 34-5 User role in knowledge-based systems 238-47 94 Subject Index VANDAR 54-6, 58, 59 Women Verification and validation (V & V) and computer games 382-4 procedures 235 in computer programming 280-94, 349-50 Video games 368-85 in computing 345-57 gender in 368-85 in computing workforce 287 masculinity in 377 in office work 323-44 power in 368 in teleworking 290-2 violence in 368 office workers 290 see also Computer games Words, pattern—making from 6 Violence in video games 368 Work regulator, cost efficiency as 304-6 Wittgenstein, L., Philosophical Working knowledge 194 Investigations 197