AGROSTIS AVENACEA (POACEAE: POOIDEAE): FIRST RECORD FOR THE MEXICAN FLORA

7 Pages·2002·3.5 MB·English

by  Arely Nava-Rojo

AVENACEA
AGROSTIS (POACEAE: POOIDEAE):
RECORD FOR THE MEXICAN FLORA
FIRST
Nava-Rojo Manuel Gonzalez-Ledesma
Arely
and Gomez-Sanchez^
MariCela
centra delnvestigaaonesBiologicas
nd
provided,
illustrations are
INTRODUCTION
Agrostis a genus of grasses that was described by Gmelin in 1791. The ge-
is
J.F.
&
nus included in the Aveneae tribe and Alopecurmae subtribe (Pohl Davidse
is
&
As
Valdes-Reyna Davila-Aranda presently circumscribed, the
1994; 1995).
125-220
genus includes about species (Acosta-Castellanos 1990; Beetle 1983;
& &
McVaugh Watson which grow
Clayton Renvoize Dallwitz 1992)
1986; 1983;
in temperate and cold regions from both hemispheres. In the tropics, they are
mostly restricted to the high altitude mountains. Currently, the most recent
of species for Mexico (Espejo-Serna et 2000) shows that 23 species are
list al.
registered for Mexico. While conducting an aquatic flora project of the Queretaro
state Mahinda Martinez made a collection of subaquatic grasses from the
Huimilpan and Amealco municipalities that proved to be Agrostis avenaceaJ.F.
Gmel. This collection represents the record of A. avenacea from Mexico
first
number
and
increases the of species to 24.
avenaceaj h
Agrostis
CjIT
GmeU
Bech.XandolL
Blumea
37:230. 1992.
is/ili/on)n5(G.Forst.)Spreng.J
mm
Culms 20-60 cm
Plants annual, cespitose. erect, thin, breakable, 1-2
tall,
mm mm
cm
5-20
broad. Leaf blade flat, long, 1-3 broad. Ligule 2-5 long. Panicle
cm
open, lax, 15-30 long; branches thin, slender, mferiors as longer as inflores-
mm
Glumes
cence axis, spikelets on the tips of the branches. acute, 2-5 long, 1-
mm
Lemma
on membranous,
nerved, scabrous the 5-
keel. pilose, 1.4-1.6 long,
mm
nerved, with a mid-dorsal once-geniculate awn. Palea membranous,
1.1-1.3
long, nearly as long as lemma, 2-nerved, tip bifid, callus pubescent. Chromo-
some number: 2n = lA-F)
28. (Fig.
Habitat —Agrostis avenacea grows on dry moist with abundant
to clay
soils,
m
and from 15 to 2350 in elevation. In Mexico, grows around small streams,
it is
m
temporary and permanent ponds, and 2280-2350
at sites at in elevation,
is
it
member
found as a of the subaquatic vegetation (Fig 2B).
New
Distribution.-This species native Austraha (Canberra, South
to
is
New
Wales, Queensland and Tasmania) and Zealand. In the Missouri Botanical
Gardens herbarium and VAST nomenclatural database (W^ TROPICOS)
(www.mobot.org), there are records of introduction in South Africa, Argen-
its
tina (Buenos Aires, depression of El Salado, Entre Rios and Santa Fe) and Chile
&
(Isla de Pascua) (Nicora Rugolo 1987), as well some temperate regions of
as,
United America and and
the States of (California, Texas Ohio), the fiawaiian
Islands (Hawau, Kauai, Molokai, Oahu) (Hitchcock Recently was
1950).
re-
it
corded from San Costa Rica (Davidse an abundant
Jose, 1998). In Australia,
is
it
weed
of inundated places (Vickery 1941). Nicora and Rugolo (1987) and Zuloaga
et (1994) recognize this taxon in the segregate genus Lachnagrostis.
al.
In Mexico, Agrostis avenacea was collected from the municipalities
of
Huimilpan and Amealco, in the southern portion of the state of Queretaro
(Fig.
Fig. 1 Agrostis avenacea J.F. Gmel. {M. Martinez 2936, QMEX). A. Habit. B. Floret. C. Caryopsis. D. Spikelet. E. Inflorescence
.
branches. Indument of inflorescence branches. G-H. Leaf biade anatomy. G. Detail of transverse section (M. Martinez
F.
2936, QMEX). H. Abaxial epidermis as seen in surface view [M. Martinez 2953, QMEX). Stippling indicates the costal re-
2A). This species has not been previously reported in any loristic study from
f
was
Mexico. This taxon introduced U.S.A (Hitchcock Davidse
to 1950; et 1998).
al.
In California and texas, plants of A. avenacea act like tumble weeds and dried
its
m
panicles are carried widely by wind and the pioccss dispctsing seeds
It is
A
unknown
whether the populations of avcnatLd lom Mexico the lesult of
is
f
long range wind dispersion orb) some othei mannci such as by vehicles pass
mg
thiough wetlands and picking up spikekts and panicles probable that
It is
mgmothei them
taxon glow Noi Mexico
this states as well
is of
12 S4 N 100 oiD 1\\ 24Q0inMim 2Djulig% Mnii/ic. ,i:l )>)> Mpio Auk ilto m5cirretera
I 1
Sm
Amciico ihuco temponl 20 1080 LN 540 2540 msnm Nov
IklLllon.o 100 1996
l\\ 5
Ma,tuuzj667 (QME\ MEXU)
duplicates lor distribution to lEB ind
Agrostis avenacea distinguished by slender, thin and lax inflorescences.
is its
The mature
spikelets of inflorescences are easily dispersed by the wind.
anatomy
Leaf blade
The abaxial epidermis and inner structure of the leaf blade were studied. The
epidermis and transverse sections were obtained following Gomez-Sanchez and
Koch
(1998).
Ahaxial epidermis.— Differentiation of the costal and intercostal zones incon-
^m
Long
spicuous. fusiform, longer than wide. Stomata abundant, 37-39
cells,
long, parallel-sided subsidiary guard hidden by interstomatal long
cells, cells
m
cells Papillae absent Prickles a few the costal zone Sihca bodies, miciohairs
and
macrohairs IH)
absent (Fig
Transverse section —Outline of the blade U-shaped nodular Abaxial and
adaxial sui lace with ounded ibs associated with asculai bundles, abaxial
all
i i \
and adaxiallui lows bioad and deep Vasculai bundles nine usually fust order
vasculai bundles Outei \asculai bundle sheaths absent Sclcienchyma
costal
m
nana mcmbei
Agio\t avL cleaily a the Pooidcae anatomical
s is of its tea-
I
Non-Kianz
tut es a species with C3photosynthetic metabolism (Hattersley
IS
It
Watson
1975) has a t)pical 'pooid anatomy, chaiacteristic of those spe-
It
i!sr
m
cies that glow tempeiate climates The leaf blade nodular with iibs and
is
m
deep fuuows the abaxial and adaxial surlaces The limited development
of
4^
//
-\
liiAmealco
abaxial and adaxial sclerenchyma explains the presence of the breakable and
culms and
lax suggests that Agrostis avenacea adapted wet
to habitats.
is
taxonomic
Several treatments
of Agrostis exist (Acosta-Castellanos 1990;
&
Pohl Pohl Davidse Davidse however
1980; 1994; 1998), these treatments are
and taxonomic The
partial affinities of the species are uncertain. genus Agrostis
&
urgently needs a world revision (Pohl Davidse 1994; Davidse 1998). In addi-
tion to the morphological, anatomical, micromorphological work, the develop-
ment
of molecular studies will be a very important contribution to circum-
scription of Agrostis species.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We MEXU QMEX
are grateful to the curators of the ENCB, lEB, and herbaria
who
so kindly accommodated our Mahinda Martinez who provided
to
visit,
who
the collections, to Clara Tinoco prepared Figure lA-E and Robert Jones
to
and anonymous
an reviewer for helpful comments. Research was supported by
CONACyT
through 29106-N
project.
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