AGRONOMIC RICE PRACTICES AND POSTHARVEST PROCESSING Production and Quality Improvement AGRONOMIC RICE PRACTICES AND POSTHARVEST PROCESSING Production and Quality Improvement Edited by Deepak Kumar Verma Prem Prakash Srivastav Altafhusain B. Nadaf Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 9 Spinnaker Way Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Canada Waretown, NJ 08758 USA © 2019 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press, a member of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-712-0 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-429-48858-0 (eBook) All rights reserved. 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Identifiers: LCCN 2018047039 (print) | LCCN 2018050431 (ebook) | ISBN 9780429488580 (ebook) | ISBN 9781771887120 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Rice. Classification: LCC SB191.R5 (ebook) | LCC SB191.R5 A655 2019 (print) | DDC 633.1/8--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018047039 Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products, visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com CONTENTS About the Editor ..........................................................................................vii Contributors .................................................................................................xi Abbreviations ..............................................................................................xv Preface .......................................................................................................xxi Part 1: Recent Trends and Advances for Higher Production and Quality Improvement .................................................................1 1. Climate-Resilient Agriculture Practices in Rice: An Indian Perspective ........................................................................3 Arnab Banerjee and Manoj Kumar Jhariya 2. Direct-Seeded Versus Transplanted Rice in Asia: Climatic Effects, Relative Performance, and Constraints—A Comparative Outlook ...........................................27 Umair Ashraf, Zhaowen Mo, and Xiangru Tang 3. Temperate Rice Culture: Constraints and Interventions Thereof to Mitigate the Challenges .................................................77 Asif B. Shikari, S. Najeeb, Gazala H. Khan, Shabir H. Wani, Zahoor A. Bhat, G. A. Parray, and Shafiq A. Wani 4. System of Rice Intensification: Recent Advances and Trends ......109 Ashaq Hussain, Parmeet Singh, and Aabid Hussain Lone Part 2: Nutrient Management for Rice Production and Quality Improvement ...................................................................................149 5. Effect of Zinc on Growth, Yield, and Quality Attributes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Improved Rice Production .................151 V. K. Verma, Deepak Kumar Verma, and Ram Kumar Singh 6. Integrated Nutrient Management in Transplanted Rice by Pelleting Technique ...................................................................175 Manish Kumar Sharma and Parmeshwar Kumar Sahu vi Contents 7. Integrated Nutrient Management: Potential Practices for Rice Productivity and Yield ...........................................................207 Deepak Kumar Verma, Arnab Banerjee, Manoj Kumar Jhariya, and Dhiraj Kumar Yadav Part 3: Weed Management for Improved Rice Production ...................253 8. Integrated Weed Management Practices in Zero-Till Direct-Seeded Rice ..........................................................................255 Gaurav S. K. Verma, V. K. Verma, Deepak Kumar Verma, and Ram Kumar Singh Part 4: Postharvest Processing for Rice Quality Improvement ........ 277 9. Effect of Parboiling on Different Physicochemical and Cooking Properties of Rice ............................................................279 Deepak Kumar Verma, Mamta Thakur, Dipendra Kumar Mahato, Sudhanshi Billoria, and Prem Prakash Srivastav 10. Nutritional Quality Evaluation of Different Rice Cultivars .......299 Deepak Kumar Verma, Prem Prakash Srivastav, and Mukesh Mohan Index ..........................................................................................................363 ABOUT THE EDITOR Deepak Kumar Verma is an agricultural science professional and is currently PhD Research Scholar with specialization in Food Processing Engineering at the Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. In 2012, he received a DST-INSPIRE Fellowship for PhD study by the Department of Science & Technology (DST), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. Mr. Verma is currently assigned for research on “Isolation and Characterization of Aroma Volatile and Flavoring Compounds from Aromatic and Non-aromatic Rice Cultivars of India,” whereas during master’s degree, his research was assigned entitled “Physico-chemical and Cooking Characteristics of Azad Basmati (CSAR 839-3): A Newly Evolved Variety of Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.).” He earned his BSc degree in Agricultural Science in 2009 from the Faculty of Agriculture, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, and MSc (Agriculture) in Agricultural Biochemistry in 2011 with first rank and also received a department topper award from the Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agricultural and Technology, Kanpur, India. Apart from his area of specialization as plant biochemistry, he has also built up a sound background in plant physiology, microbiology, plant pathology, genetics and plant breeding, plant biotechnology and genetic engineering, seed science and technology, food science and technology, etc. In addition, he is member of different professional bodies, and his activities and accomplishments include conferences, seminar, workshop, training, and also the publication of research articles, books, and book chapters. viii About the Editor Prem Prakash Srivastav, PhD, is Associate Professor of Food Science and Technology in the Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. He has graduated from Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, and received his MSc degree with a major in Food Technology and a minor in Process Engineering from G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India. He was awarded a PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. He teaches various undergraduate-, postgraduate-, and PhD-level courses and has guided many research projects at the PhD, master’s, and undergraduate levels. His research interests include development of specially designed convenience, functional, and therapeutic foods; extraction of nutraceuticals; and development of various low-cost food- processing machineries. He has organized many sponsored short-term courses and completed sponsored research projects and consultancies. He has published various research papers in peer-reviewed international and national journals, and proceedings, and many technical bulletins and monographs as well. Other publications include books and book chapters along with many patents. He has attended, chaired, and presented various papers at international and national conferences and delivered many invited lectures at various summer/winter schools. He has received best poster paper awards from ISAE, 2009; ICTF, 2010; FOQSAT, 2011; and IFT (USA), 2014. He is life member of various professional bodies, namely, ISTE, AFST(I), IDA, and AMI, and is a member of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers and the Institute of Food Technologists (USA). About the Editor ix Altafhusain Nadaf, PhD, is working as an Associate Professor at the Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, in the area of biochemistry and molecular genetics of scented rice for past 13 years. He was awarded an Erasmus Mundus Action 2 India4EU II scholarship to visit the University of Bologna, Italy, as a Visiting Professor (2014) and a DST-BOYSCAST Fellowship to work as a Visiting Fellow at the Centre for Plant Conservation Genetics, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia, for one year in 2010–2011. He has received research grants from several funding agencies, including the DST-Fast Track Scheme for Young Scientists and the DBT-Rapid Grant for Young Investigators (RGYI). He has successfully guided several PhD and MPhil students and women scientists (under DST-Women Scientists Scheme: A & B). He is working as a reviewer for many international journals. He has in his credit two books and more than 50 research papers published in peer-reviewed national and international journals of repute. He has presented his research work at national and international level. His research interests are biochemistry and molecular genetics of rice aroma volatiles. He has characterized scented rice varieties of India and other plant species containing rice aroma volatiles following HS-SPME- GC-MS/FID approach. At the molecular level, he has also characterized the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase2 (badh2) gene in the plant species having 2-acetyl-1-pyroline (2AP) expression. In addition, he has revised Indian Pandanaceae thoroughly with the contribution of three new species and assessed phylogenetic relationship among the taxa using cpDNA regions. Some of the species are now being characterized for salt-tolerant genes and bioactive compounds.