Agricultural trade highlights

22 Pages·1993·1.8 MB·English

by  United States. Foreign Agricultural Service

Historic, Archive Document
Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

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United States <•- Agricultural Trade
Department of
Agriculture H
n
Highlights
Foreign
Agricultural
in
Service
Circular Series
ATH 11 93
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November 1993
September Exports Drop 5 Percent reached record highs, while shipments
to Egypt also increased over fiscal
Fiscal 1993 Closes at Near Record $42.5 Billion
1992. However, shipments to the
former Soviet Union were off by 46
percent, while exports to the EC and
South Korea recorded modest declines.
U.S. agricultural imports for fiscal
1993 reached a record $24.5 billion, up
slightly from fiscal 1992 levels. With
the 1993 export gain roughly equalling
the import gain, the fiscal 1993
agricultural trade surplus was roughly
unchanged from last year at $18
billion.
On November 30, the World
Agricultural Outlook Board released its
fiscal 1994 projections for U.S.
September trade statistics released on U.S. exports of intermediate products agricultural trade. Export value is
November 19 by the Commerce were $8.9 billion for the fiscal 1993, expected to be unchanged from 1993 at
Department placed the value of U.S. finishing $300 million below the record $42.5 billion, with record sales of
agricultural exports at $3.2 billion, set last year. Export gains for wheat horticultural and livestock products
down five percent from the same flour, animal fats and vegetable oils forecast to offset heavy declines in
month last year. A significant drop in (other than soybean oil), were more wheat shipments. Fiscal 1994 U.S.
shipments of soybeans and products, than offset by decreases for live agricultural imports are forecast to
com, live animals and animal fats more animals, soybean meal and oil, hides remain unchanged from 1993 at $24.5
than offset sharply higher shipments of and skins, and sugars and sweeteners. billion.
consumer-oriented high-value products. Feeds and fodders reached a new
record high of $1.7 billion.
September's results bring fiscal 1993 to Inside This Issue...
a close, with agricultural exports At $14.6 billion in fiscal 1993, U.S.
Page
reaching $42.5 billion, up a modest exports of consumer-oriented products
$200 million from last year. Fiscal climbed $1.1 billion from the record Consumer Food Highlights . 3
1993 was the second highest year on last year. Increases in fiscal 1993 were PRODUCT SPOTLIGHT:
record, exceeded only by 1981's figure broad-based with 12 of the 16 product Fresh/Chilled Beef & Veal 5
of $43.8 billion. categories setting new record highs, led COUNTRY SPOTLIGHT:
Japan. 8
by snack foods, dairy products, fresh
At $18.9 billion in fiscal 1993, U.S. Trade Policy Updates .... 11
vegetables, poultry meat, and pet foods.
exports of bulk commodities decreased Market Updates. 13
$600 million from the previous year. U.S. agricultural shipments to the top U.S. Agricultural Exports:
Double-digit declines for cotton and ten markets recorded mixed results in By Commodity Type ... 15
com and a large drop in tobacco fiscal 1993 when compared to the By Commodity Group .. 16
shipments more than offset export previous year. Exports to Japan, By Region . 17
increases for wheat and soybeans. Canada, Taiwan and Hong Kong all Foreign Exchange Rates . . 18
U.S. Agricultural Export Summaries
11
October-September and Latest Month Comparisons
fy '92 ■ fy '93
Product Summary
-Year-to-date- -Latest month-
Wood products 1/ Wood products 1/
Horticultural prods. Horticultural prods.
Soybeans & products Soybeans & products
Livestock products Livestock products
Feed grains Feed grains
Wheat & flour Wheat & flour
Fish & Seafoods 1/ Fish & Seafoods 1/
Cotton Cotton
Tobacco Tobacco
Rice Rice
0 2 4 6 8 10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Billion dollars Million dollars
Top Ten Markets Summary
-Year-to-date- -Latest month-
Japan Japan
EC EC
Canada Canada
Mexico Mexico
S. Korea S. Korea
Taiwan Taiwan
FSU FSU
Hong Kong Hong Kong
Egypt Egypt
Philippines Philippines
0 2 4 6 8 10
Billion dollars Million dollars
Note: Percentages are computed as the change from a year ago.
1/ Not included in agricultural totals.
Trade Highlights - 2 November 1993 TEID/FAS (202 ) 720-1294
Consumer Food Highlights
Exports of consumer foods totaled $1.3 billion in markets in the EC, Mexico and many
South American countries.
September, up seven percent from the same month last year.
This brings the export figure to $10.8 billion for the first Poultry meat exports continued double¬
digit gains in September, rising 16
nine months of 1993, an increase of just over seven percent
percent from year-earlier levels to $92
from the same period last year. Gains remain broadly million. With year-to-date shipments
now totalling $758 million, sales are
based across most product groups, with double-digit growth
expected to easily exceed a record $1
for snack foods, breakfast foods, prepared/preserved red billion by year's end. With sales to-
date up 15 percent at $432 million,
meats, poultry meats, dairy products, fresh vegetables and
frozen chicken cuts continue to lead the
pet foods. category with particularly brisk exports
to Hong Kong. Also posting strong
gains so far this year are frozen turkey
Chilled/frozen red meat shipments year. This group is well on its way to
cuts and prepared poultry products.
totaled $264 million in September, or a new record sales year in 1993. Sales
Sales of the latter to Canada are up 60
five percent lower than year-earlier gains, both quantity and value, are
percent to more than $35 million.
levels. At $2.3 billion, year-to-date spread across a large assortment of
sales were virtually unchanged from the vegetables spurred by strong demand
Growing world demand for U.S.
same period last year. Exports to growth in Canada, Japan and Mexico.
breakfast foods continue with export
Japan, the leading market, were nine Accounting for most of the sales
sales jumping 24 percent to $23 million
percent higher than last year's record¬ increase were onions (up 37 percent at
in September. These sales boosted
setting pace. Falling prices for $54 million), broccoli (up 31 percent at
year-to-date shipments to nearly $200
imported beef in Japan have spurred $53 million), lettuce (up 32 percent at
million. While Canada continues as the
sales. With respect to pork, U.S. $115 million) and asparagus (up 15
largest market, most sales growth so
shippers were the only foreign suppliers percent at $61 million).
far this year is to the EC and Japan.
to achieve increase sales to Japan
Kellogg's breakfast foods perform
during the first half of 1993, due to September's exports of processed fruits
particularly well in these markets, led
attractive pricing and a plentiful supply and vegetables totaled $150 million. At
by cereals to Japan and toaster pastries
of high-quality chilled products. U.S. $1.2 billion, year-to-date sales were five
to the United Kingdom.
red meat sales remained weaker to the percent ahead of last year's level.
other top four markets. Rising exports of processed vegetables
Tree nut exports fell 14 percent to $91
continued to drive most of the growth,
million in September, with higher prices
Fresh fruit exports totaled $150 million with canned products accounting for
contributing to significantly reduced
in September. At $1.3 billion, year-to- $416 million or 56 percent of these
sales in important European markets
date sales were running two percent sales. Tomato paste, sweet com and
such as Spain and Italy. So far this
behind last year's level. This is due to mixed preparations (including sauces)
year, total sales are down two percent
reduced apple exports (down 12 percent are the major items. At $205 million,
to $578 million. While almond exports
at $188 million) with supplies on world frozen vegetable shipments are up five
are up four percent to $410 million,
markets still plentiful, and lower prices percent with french fries and sweet com
exports of most other nuts are down;
for oranges and grapefruit. While the accounting for most of the increase. At
walnuts are down 49 percent to $30
quantity of citrus exports was up five $118 million, dried vegetable sales
million and pecans are down 12 percent
percent over last year, total sales were recorded a modest four percent increase
to $32 million.
running two percent behind at $490 due to higher shipments of onions and
million so far this year. On the bright soups.
side, sweet cherry sales posted a record Exports of dairy products grew 12
percent to $82 million in September.
$110 million, up $6 million on a 19 In September, exports of wine and beer
Compared to the first nine months of
percent decline in quantity, largely due totaled $34 million. This raises year-to-
1992, 1993 sales are up 14 percent to
to the profitable opportunity for new date sales to $293 million, up six
$625 million boosted by strong U.S.
sales to Japan. Grapes, avocados and percent from last year's level. Beer
government-assisted sales of dry milk
melons also posted noticeable sales shipments accounted for 55 percent of
and butter. Other important dairy
gains over last year. total sales and virtually all of the
product exports posting gains so far this
growth over last year. Extensive
year include infant preparations (up 99
September's exports of fresh vegetables overseas marketing conducted by the
percent to $85 million), cheese (up 15
totaled $55 million. This raises year-to- major U.S. breweries has spurred sales
percent to $40 million), and fluid milk
date sales to $762 million, an increase growth. Japan remains the top market,
and cream (up 37 percent $26 million).
of 15 percent over the same period last but sales are also growing to secondary
TEID/FAS [phone] November 1993 Trade Highlights - 3
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Trade Highlights - 4 November 1993 TE1D/FAS [phone]
Product Spotlight: Chilled or Frozen Beef and Veal
Strong export promotion efforts in major overseas markets continue. First, as the U.S.’ share of
world trade expanded, so too did world
and partial trade liberalization in major import markets is
trade, which will likely continue to
paying off big for the U.S. beef industry. The value of total grow. International trade in beef and
veal grew about 4 percent each year
U.S. chilled/frozen beef and veal exports has doubled in the
over the last half decade; growth of 3-4
past six years, reaching a record $2 billion in fiscal 1993. percent annually is expected through the
end of the decade.
With the role of overseas sales expected to remain vital to
the industry's health, the continued involvement and close Second, the recent conclusion of a U.S.-
South Korean trade agreement locks in
cooperation of the U.S. government and the U.S. Meat
a commitment to increasing volumes of
Export Federation in market development and trade policy minimum beef imports by South Korea
for the next several years, and U.S.
issues should drive U.S. exports to new highs in the years
firms are well poised to compete in this
ahead. In fact, if present trends continue, U.S. exports market.
could double again, reaching $4 billion by 2000.
Third, the passage of NAFTA will
allow for tariffs on chilled/ frozen U.S.
beef to Mexico to immediately fall back
After several years of declining per The U.S. industry is finding it can to zero. This should enable exports of
capita beef consumption in the U.S., the compete in the booming $9.6 billion the U.S. industry, which on a level
U.S. beef industry is increasingly world beef export market partly due to playing field is quite competitive with
seizing opportunities for growth in its large herds, abundant and cheap Mexican producers, to grow to new
foreign markets. Rising foreign feed, sophisticated slaughter operations, record highs as the Mexican economy
demand for U.S. meats is the result of and a product which can be grows.
rising incomes, agreements with Japan differentiated as grain-fed beef. The
and South Korea to reduce trade U.S.' share in world trade of Fourth, in Canada, the U.S.' second
barriers, lower tariffs with Mexico and chilled/frozen beef and veal rose to 12.3 largest market, the U.S. should benefit
Canada, and the desire of East Asian percent in 1992, up from 6.3 percent in from continued strong demand for beef
consumers to add more protein to their 1987. Most of the U.S.' gain came at coupled with the anticipated extension
diets in the form of meats. Fueled by the expense of smaller export of a favorable trade policy regime in
these trends, U.S. chilled/frozen beef competitors, rather than from the share 1994. A large increase in beef imports
and veal exports reached 417,800 tons held by the EC and Australia, which are from Australia and New Zealand
in 1993, worth a record $2 billion. first and second in chilled/frozen beef partially displaced U.S. beef exports in
This significantly improves upon export exports. fiscal 1993. Canada imposed a tariff
levels in 1988, when the U.S. sold rate quota on non-U.S. boneless beef
210,500 tons, worth $956 million. Multiple indicators suggest the U.S.' imports for the period May 1 to
success in expanding beef exports will December 31, 1993. Non-U.S. imports
exceeding 48,000 tons face a 25 percent
U.S. and Australian Exports Gain Share of ad valorem tariff for the rest of 1993.
This policy is anticipated to continue
Global Beef and Veal Trade
for 1994, leading to a rise in U.S. beef
exports to Canada.
Percent (by volume)
Finally, the newer markets of Taiwan
U.S.
and Hong Kong hold out significant
EC (Less promise in the medium-term,
particularly for sales to the hotel,
Infra -Trade)
restaurant and institutional trade (HRI).
Australia
The U.S. and Australia Battle in
Japan
Rest of
World
Fueled by the final reduction stipulated
in the 1988 U.S.-Japan Beef and Citrus
Agreement, U.S. chilled/frozen beef
exports to Japan hit an all-time high of
TEID/FAS [phone] November 1993 Trade Highlights 5
-
Beef and Veal
$1.2 billion on shipments of 228,000 consumers with taste-testing tables in One final note: although the position of
MT in fiscal 1993. This is up from department stores and "Aussie beef" U.S. beef is being challenged by intense
$738 million in fiscal 1988. Extensive advertising on television. According to competition and recession, FAS analysts
promotional efforts led by the U.S. the USMEF, Australian promotion nevertheless expect U.S. beef sales to
Meat Export Federation (USMEF) at expenditures for 1993 are estimated Japan to rise next year and to continue
every step of the opening of the above $20 million. expanding at a healthy clip over the
Japanese market helped pave the way next few years.
for private U.S. firms. Much of this The competition between the two has
promotional effort was financed by been most intense for share in the Exports to Mexico Likely to Surge
USDA's Export Promotion Program chilled beef market (as distinct from the
(MPP) and its predecessor, the Targeted frozen market). Chilled beef is The Mexican market offers tremendous
Export Assistance Program (TEA). primarily distributed to retail outlets, potential for growth of U.S. beef and
which are seen as having the greatest veal, particularly under NAFTA. U.S.
Historically, imported beef suffered growth potential overall for imported beef and veal shipments to Mexico in
from a generally poor image among product. The U.S. steadily gained fiscal 1992 were more than six times
Japanese consumers versus domestic ground over 1988-1992, rising from larger by volume than in 1988. Most
beef, but educational efforts by USMEF 17.3 to almost 30 percent of imported of the increase took place between
has begun to reverse this. As evidence, chilled beef. But in 1993 thus far, fiscal 1990 to 1992, as Mexican imports
U.S. beef usage among USMEF's target Australia has made greater in-roads into of U.S. chilled/frozen beef grew from
supermarkets jumped from 15 percent the Japanese market than the U.S. approximately $72 to $218 million.
in 1988 to 37 percent in 1991. And Japanese chilled beef imports from
U.S. beefs share of total purchases by Australia were up 41 percent in the first However, this sharp growth was
the six largest supermarket chains half of 1993, compared with the same interrupted by the imposition of new
increased $154 million in 1991 alone. period in 1992, according to data import barriers in November 1992, as
compiled from the Japanese Ministry of Mexico clamped down on imported
Yet in the shadow of this success story Finance. Japanese chilled beef imports beef by raising import tariffs from zero
is the less well-known story of how from the U.S. were up 20 percent to 20-25 percent. This had an
Australia and the U.S. are now battling during the same time period. immediate, negative impact on U.S.
for an edge in this market. Although exporters. Although U.S. exports as a
each country is tied with 48 percent of Most recently, Japan's economic whole fell by 45 percent, one West
the value of imported beef sales, slowdown has shifted beef consumption Coast firm contacted by Agricultural
Australia is hoping to challenge the from high-grade, chilled grain-fed cuts Trade Highlights reported a slowdown
U.S. as the preferred source of grain-fed to less expensive beef. As a result, of 75 percent in its shipments to
beef in Japan, according to Madeleine major supermarket chains in Japan have Mexico following the boost in tariffs.
Beaumont, market analyst for the discounted imported beef by as much as However, it is doubtful that it would be
Australian Meat & Livestock Corp. To 20-50 percent, as consumers seek lower legal for Mexico to erect similar
accomplish this, an Australian campaign prices during difficult economic times. obstacles to trade after NAFTA takes
has targeted individual Japanese effect on January 1, 1994.
As the Mexican economy grows,
U.S. Beef and Veal Exports to Top 4 Markets Take Off
disposable income among Mexicans
will increase, thereby spurring sales of
beef, the meat of choice in Mexico.
Thus the firm which reported the
slowdown, along with the rest of the
U.S. beef industry, is now bracing for a
strong rebound in Mexican-bound
shipments with the implementation of
NAFTA. USMEF analysis shows that
Mexican beef consumption could
increase 25-60 percent by the year
2000.
As the number of Mexicans who can
afford hamburger and other lower-cost
cuts rises, Mexican retailers will
increasingly rely on U.S. product to fill
demand, given constraints to domestic
Trade Highlights - 6 November 1993 TEID/FAS [phone]
Beef and Veal
production. Moreover, as the size of the way for a resumption of a normal may lack the technical and management
the middle class — which now numbers volume of tender offers in the second expertise to handle, store and
30 million -- expands, there will be a half of the year. The agreement also merchandise the product properly and
commensurate jump in demand for established a framework for overall effectively. Consequently, the bulk of
premium cuts. The HRI and restaurant Korean minimum beef imports to grow the USMEF's activities in Korea shore
trade will be a major conduit for such at 7 percent per annum through 1995, up the understanding of the Korean
product; they currently account for 50 and for the market to be fully opened trade, as well as develop a positive
and 14 percent, respectively, of by 1997. image for U.S. beef. The USMEF
Mexican sales of U.S. high quality beef. conducts boxed beef seminars and
Korea is basically following the safety and inspection seminars geared
To be successful, U.S. beef exporters liberalization procedures adopted by towards the trade, and at the retail level,
should focus on building distribution Japan. This includes setting minimum creates point-of-sale displays, translates
channels in Mexico, establishing direct beef import levels, requiring foreign technical material and performs in-store
links with end-users, and promoting firms to engage a Korean agent, and promotions.
quality differences vis-a-vis local channeling the vast majority of beef
product through promotion. Firms imports through a government Imported beef in Korea, the majority of
should also be aware that Mexicans purchasing board at the same time as a which has been grass-fed beef from
have a preference for leaner beef, which simultaneous buy-sell (SBS) system is Australia, is most commonly sold in
may potentially open the door to instituted. The SBS system lets the specialty shops, followed by physically
Australian or EC beef. (This is more foreign seller and the domestic buyer segregated sections of wet markets and
true in Central and Southern Mexico; (or industry association) deal directly supermarkets. However, the U.S.'
Mexicans in the North have already with one another. This allows for a strength is in high quality cuts such as
been introduced to grain-fed beef.) more efficient, market-driven boxed beef, which are primarily
Indeed, due to increased competition, transaction (although mark-up rates are channeled to the HRI sector. Beef is
the U.S.' share of the Mexican market set by the agreement rather than by the purchased on average twice a week,
dropped from 90 percent of imports in market). The SBS portion of the usually by the housewife. Seventy
1988 to 73 percent in 1992. However, market began small but will be percent of Korean consumers buy their
after January 1, the U.S. will enjoy a gradually expanded during the course of meat from butcher shops.
price edge of over other third-party the agreement to include non-tourist
competitors who will continue to face hotels and restaurants, meat processors Australia is the top import competitor,
the present import tariffs of 20-25 and many supermarkets. holding about 45 percent by value of
percent. the Korean import market in calendar
Consequently, the interest of U.S. firms 1992 versus the U.S. share of 49
Exports to South Korea To Benefit in the Korean market is getting percent. Australia's main advantage is
from July Agreement stronger. One U.S. firm which its production of lower-priced, grass-fed
describes itself as a small regional and grain-fed product, and its ability to
South Korea, the fourth-largest U.S. packer of about $200 million in total satisfy the traditional Korean handling
beef export market in volume terms, is annual sales recently participated in a preference for carcass product. This
certain to boost its purchases of U.S. USMEF trade show geared to the preference, however, has been changing
beef in coming years. U.S. exporters are Korean market, and found the trade recently.
already increasingly penetrating the show extremely helpful in making
market, aided by the U.S. government's contacts with the HRI trade in-country. To summarize, the U.S. beef industry
and other suppliers' success in Such contacts will become increasingly has achieved great success in global
negotiating the continued opening of important as the SBS system widens, trade. With the focus on foreign sales
Korea's beef market. To illustrate, the affording U.S. firms increased expected to remain vital to U.S. firms,
U.S. shipped $9 million worth of opportunities to supply product the stepped-up involvement of the U.S.
chilled/frozen beef and veal to Korea in information that focuses on U.S. beefs government and cooperator groups on
fiscal 1988; in 1989, the U.S. exported taste advantages over competitor's access issues and matters that affect
$72 million and recorded $215 million lower-priced beef. international trade will also continue.
in sales in fiscal 1992. As barriers are dismantled and markets
The USMEF has also been tackling one become increasingly prosperous, the
Lack of government tenders in the of the greatest hurdles to increased sales U.S. beef industry should see its export
imported beef market caused imports to — the lack of information by both sides. fortunes improve.
drop sharply in the first half of 1993. U.S. firms often don't know their
This decline accounted for the $48 Korean counterparts when they have For more information, contact Diane
million fall earlier this year in U.S. beef dealt only with Government auctions. Dolinsky at [phone].
exports to Korea. However, And Korean firms may lack knowledge
negotiations concluded in July cleared about U.S. beef production methods, or
TEID/FAS [phone] November 1993 Trade Highlights - 7
Country Spotlight: Japan
Japan continued as the top U.S. $584 million in wheat, a record $372 U.S. consumer food sales to Japan are
agricultural export market in 1992 with million in tobacco, and $329 million in dominated by the record $1.8 billion of
a record $8.4 billion in sales, cotton. In the first three quarters of this fresh/chilled/frozen red meats in 1992.
representing one-fifth of total U.S. year, bulk shipments are down 6.5 The door to red meat exports was
agricultural shipments. This year, percent compared to the same time opened by the 1988 Japan Beef and
despite a recession, sales may be period last year. Citrus Agreement. While the door was
headed for another record high as opened to the Japanese red meat market
Japan is also the second largest
continued gains in high-value products by the trade agreement, extensive
intermediate product market with 1992
offset lower bulk commodity shipments. marketing efforts by the U.S. Meat
shipments reaching $978 million.
Export Federation, supported by funds
Intermediate shipments were led by a
The growing importance of high-value from the Market Promotion Program
record $336 million in feed and
products to Japan this year is a (MPP), were critical to the success of
fodders, $286 million in hide and skins,
continuation of a 20-year trend. In U.S. red meat in Japan. Chilled grain-
a record $55 million in planting seeds
1970, 82 percent of U.S. shipments to fed U.S. beef appeals to premium
and $36 million in sugars, sweeteners,
Japan were bulk products, while Japanese beef consumers, who are
and beverage bases. Hides and skins
intermediate high-value products primarily young and affluent.
continue a five year decline as the
represented 14 percent, and consumer- According to a recent supermarket taste
Asian leather industry relocates to other
oriented high-value products were only survey, U.S beef (known as Kansas
countries.
5 percent of agricultural sales. By beef) is considered to have the same
1992, bulk's share of the export pie fell taste and quality as the top quality
Consumer Foods Reach Record
to 46 percent, while intermediate domestic Japanese beef that is called for
$3.6 Billion in 1992
products accounted for 12 percent, and in traditional Japanese beef dishes.
consumer-oriented products rose to 42 Even as Japanese consumers tighten
Sales of consumer-oriented foods
percent. This shift reflects the effects reached a record $3.6 billion in 1992, their belts on luxury purchases, red
of long term economic growth, more than doubling sales in 1987. meat sales continue to be a bright spot
demographic changes, and successful Demographic changes, the high income in 1993. So far this year, U.S. sales are
trade liberalization efforts which opened of Japanese consumers ($19,000 in 9 percent greater than 1992's record
Japan to more U.S. consumer foods. purchasing power equivalent), a setting pace. Lower prices, from a fall
stronger yen (making U.S. products in beef tariffs to 50 percent and a
Despite the declining bulk commodity
cheaper to Japanese consumers), trade weaker U.S. dollar, are contributing to
share of total sales, Japan remains the liberalization, shifts in Japanese the strong performance.
largest cash market for U.S. bulk consumer tastes and preferences, and
products. 1992 shipments reached $3.9 the current economic slow down affect Mixed Picture for Horticultural
billion, and were led by $1.7 billion of the short and long term prospects for Products
coarse grains, $874 million of soybeans. U.S. consumer food sales.
More than $1 billion of horticultural
products were shipped in 1992.
However, consumption trends and
Consumer-Oriented Products Account for Rising
demographic shifts present a mixed
Share of U.S. Agricultural Exports to Japan
future of new opportunities and new
challenges for U.S. exporters.
$ Million
10,000
In 1992, $410 million of fresh fruit was
shipped to Japan - a 4 percent drop
8,000
from the record $427 million of 1991.
6,000 This decline has continued. So far this
year fruit exports are 5 percent less than
4,000 in 1992. Fruit exporters, especially
grapefruit growers report a soft market
2,000
despite falling prices. Lower fruit
exports are reflecting a decade long
0
71 73 75 77 79 '81 '83 '85 '87 '89 '91 '93e
decline in per capita fruit consumption
Calendar Year
in Japan.
Trade Highlights 8 November 1993 TEID/FAS [phone]
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