Agricultural statistics 1952

886 Pages·42.887 MB·English

UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
•
AGRICULTURAL
STATISTICS
1952
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1952
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25, D. C.-PRICE $2 (Paper Cover)

Agricultural Statistics, 1952
Prepared under the direction of the Yearb ook Statistical Committee:
RICHARD K. SMITH, Chairman; JUNE E. PANCIERA, Secretary;
CARLETON P. BARNES, RALPH U. BATTLES, RONALD E.
BETTS, CREIGHTON N. GUELLOW, ORVILLE M. JOHNSON,
ALMONT. MACE, SAMUEL W. MENDUM, AND WALTER R.
SCHREIBER.
CONTENTS
Page Page
Introduction. __ ---------__________ --------___ IV VI-Cattle, bogs, sheep, horses, and mules:
Weights, measures, and conversion Cattle. ________ ------------------__ 382
factors _____ ---------------------------- VII Hogs._.--------------------------- 404
Sheep._--------------------------- 419
!-Grains: WooL_____________________________ 436
Food grains: Goats and mohair ___ -------------- 444
Wheat_ _____ ------------------ I Meat and meat products__________ 445
Rye_-------------------------- 19 Hides. ____ ------------------------ 454
Rice _______ ------------------- 25 Horses and mules_________________ 455
Buckwheat_ ______ ------------ 32 Animal diseases ___ ---------------- 459
Feed grains: Animal units______________________ 460
Com __ ------------------------ 35 Livestock index numbers__________ 461
Oats ______ -------------------- 47
Barley _____ ------------------- 56 VII-Dairy and poultry products:
Sorghums. __ ------------------ 66 Cows and dairy products__________ 462
Grain consumption_______________ 64 Chickens. ________ -------__________ 5C8
Feedstuffs __________ --------------- 73 Turkeys _______ ------------------- 530
II-Cotton, sugar, and tobacco: Eggs. ___ -------------------------- 538
Cotton._-------------------------- 75 VIII-Foreign trade of the United States:
Other fibers. __ -------------------- 93 Exports, imports, etc., of agri
SSuirguaprs p_l-a-n--t-s- a-n__d_ _s_u_ g--a-r-.-.-----------_--_-_-_- l1957 cnitural products.--------------- 552
Honey and beeswax_______________ 121 IEmxppoorrttss bbyy doreigsitni_n_a_t_i_o_n_._-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_- B60618
Tobacco ___ ------------------------ 126
III-Oilseeds, fats, and oils: IX-Farm resources, income, and expenses:
Cottonseed ______________ --_--_--__ 142 Farm property __ ------------------ 620
Flaxseed ______ -------------------- 146 Population and employment. ____ _ 635
SPoeya nbeuatsn _s_ ___ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 1!5592 FPraircmes parnodd uincctioomn ea.n _d__ d__i_s_tr_i_b_u_t_i_o_n__ _ 664629
Olive oiL ______ ------------------- 166 Costs and expenses.-------------- 700
Tung nuts. _____ ------------------ 167 Credit and loan programs. __ ------ 715
Margarine ____________ ------------ 168
Shortening ____ -------------------- 170 X-Agricultural conservation and forestry
Fats and oils _____________________ _ 171 statistics:
Agricultural conservation programs
IV-Fruits, vegetables, melons, tree nuts, branch of P.M.A·--------------- 765
and beverage crops: Soil Conservation Service ________ _ 773
Fruits and berries ________________ _ 185 Soil surveys._--------------------- 784
Seasonal groupings of commercial Forest Service statistics _____ ------ 785
truck crops for fresh market_ ___ _ 259 Turpentine and rosin. ______ ------ 803
Vegetables and melons_-_.-------- 263
Miscellaneous statistics. _________ _ 316 XI-Consumption and family living:
Tree nuts ______ ------------------- 326 Food consumption .. __ ------------ 810
Tea, coffee, and cacao beans ______ _ 332 Food distribution programs ______ _ 819
Clothing consumption ______ ------ 822
V-Hay, seeds, and minor field crops: Prices at retail levels ____ ---------- 823
HPaasytu--re-- a-n--d- -ra-n--g-e- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 334335 Exfapremn dpietuorpelse _a_ n-d__ -f-a-m--il-y- -l~i-v-i-n-g- -o-f 825
Seeds •. _____ ----------------_____ _ 345
PBReeaaatsen,ss ,do frd ysr eyfe ieedldidin b_g_le_.- __-__-__-__-__-__-__-__-__-__-__-__-__-__-__-__- -__ 335598 XU-MiscIenlldaenxe oofu fsr esitgahtits rtiactse:s ____ ---------- 833
Broomcorn _______________________ _ 367 Weather Bureau reports __________ _ 834
HCoowpsp _e_a -s- _-_- •_ __-_ -__-_-_-______ _-_-_--___________________ __ 337732 FFrisohzeerni-efso oadn dlo fcikshe rsst _a_t_i_s_ti_c_s_ ____ _-_-_-_-_- -_ 884416
Lentils ___ • _______________________ _ 376 Refrigeration statistics ___________ _ 846
Mung beans _______ --------------- 337817 .Agricultural Extension Service ___ _ 847
Peppermint and spearmint_ ______ _ 379 4-H Club work_------------------- 850
379
~~K~~ibe-ans~====================== 380 Index. ___ ------------------------------------ 801
m
INTRODUCTION
Agricultural Statistics brings together the more important series of
statistics concerning agriculture and closely related subjects. For the
most part, the data included herein were prepared in the U. S. Department
of Agriculture, or compiled by the staff for official use. A few of the tables
were prepared in other .Gover~1ment agencies. A particular effort h~s
been made to meet the d1verse mterests and needs of the general pubhc
for a reliable reference book on agricultural production, supplies, con
sumption, facilities, costs; and returns. The tables presented cover a wide
variety of facts in forms suited to most common uses. Persons needing
daily, weekly, and monthly information are served by the current reports
of the agencies which prepare the summa.ry statistics that appear in this
book and to which the tables are credited. Research workers will usually
wish to obtain direct from the agencies the latest facts bearing on partic
ular problems associated with data contained in these published tables.
Inquiries concerning more current or more detailed data, the statistical
methodology used, past and prospective revisions, etc., should be addressed
direct to the agency responsible for the table.
The historical series in this volume have been expanded in order to pro
vide a more complete reference than other recent editions. The volume
for 1942 was the most complete prior issue from a historical standpoint.
vVith the longer series carried here there should be few occasions for the
user to refer back to earlier issues. Historical tables for the principal
crops showing totals for the United States begin with 1866 and for
January 1 livestock numbers with 1867. Most other basic tables showing
national totals, begin with 1909, 1919, 1929, and 1939 (livestock and
poultry items 1 year later) depending in part on the relative need for
a long series.
Space has not permitted carrying all series back to their beginning in
this issue but effort has been made to include a sufficient number of years
to meet the needs of most users. It is unlikely that historical series will
be carried in the same length during the next several years, in which
case reference will be made to this issue for data for earlier years.
The table of contents indicates the general lay-out of the book, and page
headings show the subdivisions within each chapter. A new chapter near
the end of the book recognizes the broadening interest of the public in
the consumer and family living phases of the agricultural industry.
Several new tables have been placed in this chapter together with certain
tables included elsewhere in previous volumes.
RECENT REVISIONS
This volume is the first published since the receipt of complete totals
from the 1950 Census of Agriculture. The review of many of the Depart
ment's series in light of the census enumerations and other check informa
tion resulted in revisions of previously published estimates.
Revisions have been included here to the extent that they were available
at the time of going to press. The revisions cover the period since 1944
for most crop and livestock items but in a few instances, such as for seeds
and milk production, they have been carried back to 1939 or 1940. Truck
IV
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1952 v
crop revisions and those for a few other commodities were not completed,
and therefore the unrevised series are carried here. Revised estimates
will be carried in a later issue.
Facilities were not available to recompute many of the 10-year averages,
by States, using revised estimates. Therefore, all 10-year averages of
acreage, yield, and production, in the tables by States, are on the un
revised basis with the exception of cotton and the six major seed crops,
alfalfa, red clover, alsike clover, sweet clover, lespedeza, and timothy.
In most cases only minor changes would have resulted in using the revised
estimates.
DEPARTMENT ESTIMATES AND CENSUS DATA
Estimates of the Department of Agriculture are made primarily to give
timely current State and national totals and averages. They are based
on "benchmark" data supplied by the Censuses of Agriculture taken every
5 years and on sample data supplied by farmers and by people who do
business with farmers, together with check data from other sources.
Being estimates, they are subject to revisions as more data become avail
able from commercial or Government sources. Unless otherwise indicated,
the totals for the United States shown in the various tables on acreage,
production, numbers, price, value, supplies, and disposition are based
on official Department estimates and excludes States for which no official
estimates are compiled.
Census data are the result of the most nearly complete enumeration or
actual count that can be made, and are used for many other purposes
than determining States and national totals and averages. For example,
each census provides much detailed information about counties and minor
civil divisions. It also provides data that can be organized into many
frequency distributions and cross-classifications for large and small por
tions of the country or for different segments of the agricultural industry.
The definition and manner of handling a census precludes revising census
data to bring them in line with other indications, even though in practice
it is difficult to obtain a complete enumeration. Any effort to make such
revisions or adjustments would produce estimates.
For census years, many tables carry both census totals and this Depart
ment's estimates. Generally, where there are appreciable differences
between the census totals and this Department's final estimates, the
processes of checking and revising estimates have indicated that some
sources provide more nearly complete information about some items than
the census has been able to obtain. For example, this Department's
estimates of tobacco production can be considered more precise than census
totals, because the estimates are revised in line with actual production
as shown independently by Internal Revenue records and State records of
tobacco sales. Sugar-beet and sugarcane production and acreage estimates
are adjusted to quantities actually reported by sugar factories. Check
information on peanuts and rice is available from processors for areas
sometimes including several States. In a number of other instances allow
ances have been made for known incompleteness of coverage by the census.
For livestock and poultry, the Department's estimates of inventory
numbers relate to January 1. Most recent censuses have not enumerated
numbers on that date. The decennial censuses have usually related to
April1, with the average date of enumeration falling somewhat later. The
VI AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1952
1945 census was taken as of January 1, but with the trying wartime con
ditions, was delayed over a considerable length of time in a number of
States with the result that reported inventory numbers did not always
represent the actual January 1 inventory. These situations have made it
necessary to adjust census totals to a January 1 equivalent basis, taking
into account changes that occurred between the January 1 date and the
actual date of enumeration.
DEFINITIONS
"Farm Value" as applied to crops in the various tables, is derived by
multiplying production by the estimated season average price received by
farmers for that portion of the commodity actually sold. In the case of
fruits and vegetables, however, quantities not harvested because of low
prices or other economic factors are excluded from the computation of
farm value. The term is used in the inventory tables on livestock and
poultry to mean value of the number of head on farms on January 1.
It is derived by multiplying the number of head by an estimated value per
head as of that date.
The word "Year" (alone) in a column heading means "calendar year."
"Ton" when used in this book without qualification means a short ton
of 2,000 pounds.
"WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND CONVERSION FACTORS
The following table on weights, measures, and conversion factors covers
the most important agricultural products, or the products for which such
information is most frequently asked of the Department of Agriculture.
It does not cover all farm products nor all containers for any one product.
The table this year contains a number of revisions.
The information has been assembled from various sources within the
Department and from State schedules of legal weights. For most prod
ucts, particularly fruits and vegetables, there is a considerable variation in
weight per unit of volume, due to differences in variety or size of com
modity, condition and tightness of pack, degree to which the container
is heaped, etc. Effort has been made to select the most representative and
fairest average for each product. For those commodities which develop
considerable shrinkage, the point of origin weight or weight at harvest
has been used.
The approximate or average weights, as given in this table do not
necessarily have official standing as a basis for packing or as grounds
for settling disputes. Not all of them are recognized as legal weights.
The table was prepared chiefly for use of workers in the Department
of Agriculture who have need of Conversion factors in statistical com
putations.
WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND CONVERSION FACTORS
[See explanatory text just preceding this table]
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Approxi Approxi
Commodity Unit I mate net Commodity Unitt mate net
weight weight
Pounds Pound8
Alfalfa seed .. _. ____ _ BusheL _________ _ 60 Grapes:
Apples_ ____________ _ l(. El.a.os.r tdtehorw •n. eb _s_ot_ xb__o'-_x_- _-' _-_ _ _ 445844 Eastern ... ________ ~2-q~u~a~r~t{ -c-ll-m--a-x- ---
Apricots.----------- ug (Brentwood) • 24 basket. __ . _____ _ 18
ArWticehsotekrens _: ________ _ 4-basket crate'-__ _ Z.l western.-- ------ Z~~~etcrate·,;:~: 2208
JGelroubsea l_e_m__ ________________ __ BBuosxh'-e-L-- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-__- -_ 5400 HHiecmkporsye endu.t _s_._ ____________ ---u-s-hdeoL. ____________________ __ 5404
Asparagus.--------- Crate.------------ 30 Honey-------------- Gallon ___________ _ 11.75
Avocados .. ________ _ Lug'------------- 12-15 Honey Ball melons .. Crate ... _________ _ 70
BBBeaaarnnlaesn:y a-s-.-_--.-------------__- _ {BFPuliybswehroe foLodl _d b_i_no_gx_ _8b_ o__x__ __8 444008 HHHoooprnsse.e_yr_ a_Dd_ie_sw_h_ rm_o_oe_tl_so_ _n__s__. _{B_BB_a_aul_re sdr,he ogL e_rLo ___s_-_s_-_._- ___-___-___-___-___- __-_ _-__ 2103035005
Lima, dry _________ ..•. do.----------- 56 Hungarian millet
60 seed. ___ ._________ BusheL __________ _ 48 and 50
Others, dry _______ ~sackd_o::~:~:~:~::: 100 Kafir. ___ ----------- _____ do.----------- 50 and 56
Lima, unshelled .. 'i!usheL __________ _ 32 Kale.--------------- _____ do.----------- 18
Snap._-------_________ do .• ---------- 30 Kapokseed. _- ------ _____ do ___________ _ 35-40
Beets: Lard________________ Tierce. __________ _ 375
Without tops __________ do ___________ _ 52 Lemons, California.. Box"------------- "79
Bunched _________ Nailedcrate '----- 40 Lentils .. _._________ BusheL _________ _ 60
Berries, frozen pack: Lettuce ... __________ Western crate"--- 70
Withoutsugar. ... 50-gallon barreL .. 380 Limes. ____ --------- Box ______________ _ 80
32++11 ppaacckk.. __________________________ ddoo _.-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 442550 MLinaslet.e _d_ o -i-l-.------------------ BGaulslohne _L_ __________________ __ 13 73.54
Blackberries._______ 24-quart crate._--- 36 Maple sirup_ .. _____ Gallon. _________ __ 11
Bluegrass seed._____ BusheL __________ _ 14-30 Meadowfescueseed. BusheL __________ _ 24
Broomcorn (6 bales Milk .. _------------ Gallon ___________ _ 8.6
per ton)___________ Bale.------------- 333 Millet. _____________ BusheL _________ _ 48-50
Broomcornseed _____ BusheL __________ _ 44-50 Molasses____________ Gallon.----------- 12
Buckwheat.-------- _____ do ... --------- 48-52 Mustard seed.______ BusheL __________ _ 58-60
Butter.------------- Tub. __ ----------- 63 Oats---------------- _____ do.----------- 32
Cabbage ____________ ~(WOWiperesent eb mroneu scnhrd a bctarega" _t-_e_ ". 855000 8OJnli;o~nosi,i d:~ry:: _:_:_:_:_:_:_:__: St'aticlk:n __._-_._._:_::_:_:_:_:_:_: :_ 2135 7-35.600
Cantaloup__________ umbo crate "----1 70 Onions, green
Carrots: bunched __________ Crate"----------- 50-55
Without tops .. __ _ (Bushel. _________ _ 50 Onion sets.--------- BusheL _________ __ 28-32
\Open mesh bag __ 50 Oranges:
CaBsutonrc-bheeadn _s__ ____________ __ WBuesstheernL c_r_a__te_ _1_2_ ___ __ 4765 FClaolrifiodran aian adn Tde xas. ,\1-box mesh bag __ 45
CCaaustloifrl oowiLe r_ ________________ __ Gallon.----------- 13387 OrchAarridzgornaas.s _ s_e_e_d__ __ __ BBouxshzet L __________ _ 227174
Celery-------------- [~C~heeur~r~y~ l~u~g~"=-~-:-:-:- 6106 PPaarlmsn oipisL. -_-__- ---------------- GBaulslohne.L _ ____ _-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 13 75.50
Cherries.----------- ~-bquaasrkte ct _li_m__a_x__ __ _ 6 Peaches. __________ __ JL Ug%~~x-2s-_-~~~==== 2408
Clover seed .. ______ _ usheL __________ _ 60 l California fruit box "18
CoEranr:, husked ___________ do ___________ _ 16 70 PPeeaannuutts o, iuLn _s_h_e l-l-e-d-:- - Gallon.----------- 13 7. 7
Shelled.---------- _____ do.----------- 56 Virginia type _____ BusheL _________ _ 22
MeaL ________________ do ___________ _ 50 Runners, south-
SOiirlu-P--------------------------- __G__a_l ldono ._-_-_-_-_-_-__-_-_-_- -_ 1131 7.7. 57 Speaansitsehrn. _ ._._ ________________________ ddoo.. ___________ ._.__ -_- -_ 3208
Cotton ------------- ~Balaele,, ngreots.s _ ____________ _ __ 1"74 58000 PeOartsh, eCr.a.l _if_o_r_n__ia_ .. ._._.__._._._._. ddoo _. __________________ ____ 4580
Cottonseed._------- usheL __________ _ 18 32 Western. _________ Box"------------- 46
CCoowttpoenass_e_e_d_ o_i_L___________ BGaulslohne _L_ ________________ ____ 13 7.6 07 PeGasr:e en, unshelled._ BusheL __________ _ 30
Cranberries _________ {Yt-b"!:;eitoxi•:~: 12050 PeDppryer _s_ __ ---------- _f ________ d doo . ... .-.-.--.-.-.-.-.- .-. 2650
Crbeuatmte,r 4f0a-t. p.e.r.c.e.n.t. .. Gallon ___________ _ 8.39 Perilla s;;,;_-_-_-~::::: \f~~:1~::.~::::::: 37-4500
Cucumbers_-------- BusheL ________ __ 48 Pineapples__________ Crate"---------- 70
Dew berries .... ___ .. 24-quart crate. ___ _ 36 Plums and prunes:
Eggplant.--------- BusheL ________ __ 33 California _________ 4-basketcrate "--- 2Q-29
Eggs, average size. __ Case, 30 dozen. __ _ 45 Other. ____________ ,\1-bushel basket._ 28
EFisgcsa, rfroelseh. .-.--.·.-.-.-.-.--. -. BBouxsh, seiln ghlaem lapyeerr. "._. 265 PoOpnco eranr:. ----------- BusheL ........... 16 70
Flaxseed ............ BusheL. ........ . 56 Shelled ... -------- ··----do .. ---------- 56
Flour, various ..... . Bag. ............ __ 100 Poppy seed. ________ ..... do .......... .. 46
GGrrFOaalapionleri fsfirodourarnig atlh:an u admn Tdse. x..a.s. . B~busohxe mL. e.s.h. .b.a.g. ... . 56 and 5400 Potatoes.___________ ~.BB.aa.rg.~ d!_:_o : ..:..·__ :__:__:__:__:__:__:___: :__ 1106650500
Arizona ••••••••~ -- Box 21 ____________ _ "65 Quinces.____________ usheL ......... .. 48
See footnotes at end of table.
VII
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES-Continued
Approxi Approxi
Commodity Unit' mate net Commodity Unit' mate net
weight weight
Pounds Poundp
Rapeseed_---------- BusheL __________ _ 50 and 60 Tangarines, Florida. Y:!-box "--------- 45
Raspberries ___ -----_ 24-quart crate ____ _ 36 Timothy seed_______ BusheL __ ------- 45
Redtop seed _______ _ BusheL _________ _ 50 and 60 Tobacco:
Refiner's sirup_---- Gallon ___________ _ 11.72 Maryland-____ ·-- Hogshead ________ _ 600-8CO
Rice: q Flue-cured-------- _____ do.----------- 900-1, 100
Rough ____________ Baugs h__e_L_ ___- _-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 14050 BDuarrlke yai _r_-_c_u_r_e_d_ _______ . .. ________ ddoo ___- .------------------- 11,, 00 000--1l,, c20500
BarreL __________ _ 162 Virginia fire-cured. _____ do __ .--------- 1, 050-1, 350
Milled------------ ocket or bag ____ _ 100 Kentucky and
Rosin _______________ Drum, net_ ______ _ 520 Tennessee fire
Rutabagas_--------- BusheL __________ _ 56 cured __ ·-------· I, 350-1, 650
SReysea m__e_ _s e-e-d- -_-_-_______________________ ddoo-----------_-_-_-__-_- -_ 5466 Cigaf-leaf ________ _ ·{B-acales _~_~_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_=_= =_ 215500--316755
Shall ot s ------------- {CBarbbaruurtnnee clc( hh8(2 eed0sso ))dz __o. __z__. ______ __ 14000 TTTouumrnngai tpoosieL:s ____ _. ______________ __ GBLauulgslo hbneo _Lx_ __23_--_--_--_-_--_--_--_-- - _ 13 735.832
Sorgo: Withouttops ____ _ Bushel__ _________ _ 54
SSeireudp _ __________________________ GBualslhoenl________________________ 11.5550 TuBrupnenchtiende _ _______________ __ GCraalltoen 1 _1 ____________________ __ 670-.2830
Soybeans ___________ BusheL___________ 60 Velvetbeans
Soybean oiL________ Gallon____________ 13 7. 7 (hulled)__________ Bushel__ _________ _ 60
Spelt_ ______________ BusheL__________ 40 Vetch-------------- . ____ do ___________ _ 60
S · h {-L-.-A-d.oc-ra._t_e---_-_--_-_-_ 20 Walnuts ___ . _____________ do ___________ _ 50
pmac ------------ 11 36-40 Water,60° F _- ------ Gallon ___________ _ 8.33
Strawberries ________ 24-quartcrate_____ 36 Watermelons _______ Melonsofaverage
Sudangrass seed ____ BusheL___________ 40 or medium size__ 25
Sugarcanesirup _____ Gallon____________ 11.35 Wheat_ _____________ Bushel____________ 60
Sunflower seed______ BusheL___________ 24 and 32 Various commodi- {Short ton.________ 2, 000
sweetpotatoes ______ {Ora~~--·=========: 31 ~g ties_-------------- Long ton-_-----__ 2, 240
'Standard bushel used in the United States contains 2,150.42 cubic inches; the gallon, 231
cubic inches; the cranberry barrel, 5,826 cubic inches; and the standard fruit and vegetable
barrel, 7,056 cubic inches. Such large-sized products as apples and potatoes sometimes are
sold on the basis of a heaped bushel, which would exceed somewhat the 2,150.42 cubic inches
of a bushel basket level full. This also applies to such products as sweetpotatoes, peaches,
green beans, green peas, spinach, etc.
'Approximate inside dimensions, 10'h by 11 'h by 18 inches.
• Approximate insiile dimensions, 11 by 13 by 17 inches.
'Approximate inside dimensions, 4% by 12% by 16',8 inches.
'Approximate inside dimensions, 4% by 16 by 16'/s inches.
6 Approximate inside dimensions. 9%. by 11 by 20% inches.
'Approximate dimensions, 4% by 13% by 16',8 inches.
8 Approximate inside dimensions, 13 by 12 by 32 inches.
'Approximate inside dimensions, 8 by 12 by 22 inches.
10 Inside dimensions vary. Common sizes are 13 by 13 by 22 Vs inches, and 13 by 15 'h
by 23 inches.
11 Approximate inside dimensions, 13 by 18 by 21% inches.
12 Approximate inside dimensions, 13 by 13 by 22Ys inches.
1' This is the weight commonly used in trade practices, the actual weight varying according
to temperature conditions.
"Approximate inside dimensions, !J%. by 16 by 20 inches.
15 Approximate inside dimensions, 4',8 by 1llh by 14 inches.
16 The standard weight of 70 pounds is usually recognized as being about 2 measured bushels
of corn, husked, on the ear, because it requires 70 pounds to yield 1 bushel, or 56 pounds,
of shelled corn.
11 For statistical purposes the bale of cotton is 500 pounds or 480 pounds net weight. Prior
to Aug. 1, 1!)46, the net weight was estimated at 478 pounds. Actual bale weights vary
considerably, and the customary average weights of bales of foreign cotton differ from that of
the American square 0ale.
18 This is the average weight of cottonseed, although the legal weight in some states varies from
this figure of 32 pounds.
10 Approximate inside dimensions, 9%, by 10'h by 15 inches.
20 Approximate inside dimensions, 1% by 11 by 16% inches.
21 Approximate inside dimensions, 11 'h by 11 'h by 24 inches.
" Until l 942, these net weights as used in this Department (for figuring quanti ties and
values of bulk fruit in terms of pacl<ed boxes) were 60 pounds for grapefruit, 76 pounds for
lemons, and 70 pounds for oranges. Grapefruit in California areas other than the Desert
Valleys, averages 68 pounds per box compared with 65 pounds in the Valleys.
23 Approximate inside dimensions, 5%. by 13% by 16'/s inches.
"Approximate inside dimensions, 4% by 16 by 16Jh inches.
25 Approximate inside dimensions, 9% by 13 by 25 inches.
2261 AApppprrooxxiimmaattee iinnssiiddee ddiimmeennssiioonnss, va8r%y. bCy o1m1m%o nb ys izJ e8 iisn c4h%es . by 11% by 16'/8 inches.
"Approximate in'side dimensions, 13% by 11 by 22 inches.
20 Approximate inside dimensions, 12 by 101h by 33 inches.
30 Inside dimensions vary. Ranges from 4 by 16 by 16',!, inches to 6 by 16 by 16Ys inches.
31 This average of 55 pounds indicates the usual weight of sweetpotatoes when harvested.
Much weight is lost in curing or drying, and the net weight when sold in terminal markets
may be below 55 pounds.
82 Approximate inside dimensions, 9% by 9% by 19Ys inches,
(See conversion factors on next page.)
VIII
CONVERSION FACTORS
Commodity Unit Approximate equivalent
Apples __________________________ 1 pound dried ________ _ 7 pounds fresh; beginning 1943, 8 pounds fresh
Do _________________________ 1 pound chops _______ _ 5 pounds fresh
Do _________________________ 1 barreL .. ------------ 3 boxes or 3 bushel baskets
AppDlesOau--c-e- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- 11 ccaassee ccaannnneedd _"__-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 11..42 bbuusshheellss ffrreesshh
Apricots.----------------------- 1 pound dried ________ _ 5 72 pounds fresh
Barley flour __ ------------------ 100 pounds ___________ _ 4.59 bushels barley
Beans, lima _____________________ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 2 pounds unshelled
Beans, snap or wax ___ ---------- 1 case canned 34 __ ----- 0.010 tons fresh
Buckwheat flour---------------- 100 pounds ___________ _ 3.47 bushels buckwheat
Cane sirup ______________________ I gallon.-------------- 5 pounds sugar
Cherries, sour ______ "··---------- 1 case canned"------- 0.023 tons fresh
Chickens _______________________ 1 pound live weight_ __ 0.89 pounds New York dressed weight
Do. _____ ------------------- _____ do. __ -----------__ 0.65 pounds ready-to-cook weight
Corn, shelled ... ---------------- 1 bushel (56lbs.). ----- 2 bushels (70 pounds) of husked ear corn
Corn, sweet_____________________ 1 case canned"-_____ _ 0.038 tons fresh
Cornmeal:
NDeo~nedremgeedrm ..e.d -.- _-_-_- -------------------_-_-___1_0_0_ pdoou _n_d__s_ _____________________ __ 32. 1b6u sbhueslhse clso rcno,r nb,e gbiengniinnngi n1g94 169 46
Cotton _________________________ 1 pound ginned ______ _ 2.68 pounds unginned (with no allowance for tr J.Sh)
Dairy products:
Butter_ ______________________ 1 pound _____________ _ 20.6 pounds milk
Cheese _____________________________ do. ______________ _ 10 pounds milk
Condensed milk, whole __ ----- _____ do _______________ _ 2.3 pounds milk
Evaporated milk, whole ___________ do _______________ _ 2.14 pounds milk
Ice cream"-_----------------- 1 gallon._------------ 15 pounds milk
Ice cream" (eliminating fat
from butter and concen-
trated milk) ___ ------------- 1 gallon. __ ------------ 12 pounds milk
Malted milk.----------------- 1 pound .. ------------ 2.6 pounds milk
Powdered milk.-------------- _____ do. ___ ------------ 7.6 pounds milk
Powdered cream ___________________ do _______________ _ 19 pounds milk
Eggs____________________________ 1 case ________________ _ 45 pounds
Eggs, shelL _____________________ 1 pound _____________ _ 0.87 pounds frozen or liquid whole eg~s. since 1950
Do. __ ----------_________________ do _______________ _ 0.23 pounds dried whole eggs, since 1950
Figs ____________________________ 1 pound dried ________ _ 3 pounds fresh In California: 4 pounds fresh e! sew here
Flaxseed .. ---------------------- 1 busheL ____ --------- About 272 gallons oil
Grapefruit, Florida _____________ 1 case canned"------- 0.83 box fresh fruit
Linseed oiL ____________________ 1 gallon ______________ _ 0.4 bushel flaxseed
MaiL.------------------------- 1 bushel (34lbs.) _____ _ 1 bushel barley (48 lbs.)
Maple sirup. __ ----------------- 1 gallon ______________ _ 8 pounds maple sugar
Nuts:
Almonds, Imported __________ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 3 Ji pounds unshelled
Almonds, California._-------- _____ do. __ ------------ 2.22 pounds unshelled through 1949; 2 pounds there-
after
BraziL ___ ---------------__________ do _______________ _ 2 pounds unshelled
Cashews_--------------------- _____ do ___ .------------ 4.55 pounds unshelled
Chestnuts _______ ------------- _____ do. ___ ------------ 1.19 pounds unshelled
Filberts ____________________________ do ..• _------_____ _ 2.22 pounds unshelled through 1949; 2.5 pounds there-
after
Pecans:
Seedling __ . _____ ------.----- _____ do _______________ _ 2. 78 pounds unshelled
Improved ________________________ do. ___ ------------ 2.50 pounds unshelled
Pignolias. _________________________ do. ___ ---________ _ 1.3 pounds unshelled
Pistachios ___ . _____________________ do. __________ ----- 2 pounds unshelled
Walnuts:
Blaek. -------------------________ do _______________ _ 8Ji pounds unshelled
Persian (English)_---------- _____ do ___ ---------___ _ 2.56 pounds unshelled
OatmeaL. ______________________ 100 pounds ___________ _ 7.6 bushels oats, beginning 1943
Oranges, Florida________________ 1 case canned"-_. ___ _ 0.63 box fresh
Peaches, California, freestone____ 1 pound dried. ___ . ___ _ 572 pounds fresh through 1918: 6 pounds fresh for
1919-28, and 6 72 pounds fresh from 1929 to date
Peaches, California, clingstone _______ do _______________ _ 7 72 pounds fresh
Peaches, clingstone __ .---------- 1 case canned"-_____ _ 1.0 bushels fresh
Do._.---------------------- _____ do. ______________ _ 0.0230 tons fresh
Peanuts ____ -------------------- 1 pound shelled. _____ _ 1 72 pounds unshelled
Pears ___________________________ 1 pound dried ________ _ 5 72 pounds fresh
Pears, Bartlett_ _________________ 1 case canned"-- ___ _ 1.1 bushels fresh
Do. _____________________________ do._-------______ . 0.026 tons fresh
Peas, green. __ ------------------ 1 pound shelled. ____ _ 2 72 pounds unshelled
Do _________________________ 1 case canned"--·---- 0.010 tons fresh (shelled)
Prunes _________________________ 1 pound dried ________ _ 272 pounds fresh in California; 3 to 4 pounds fresh
elsewhere
See footnotes at end of table.
IX
CONVERSION FACTORS-Continued
Commodity Unit Approximate equivalent
Raisins ___ ---------------------- 1 pound.-------------- 4 pounds fresh grapes
Rice, milled (excluding brewers). 100 pounds ___________ _ 152 pounds rough or unhulled rice
Rye flour----------------------- _____ do _______________ _ 2.23 bushels rye beginning 1947
Sugar__------------------------- 1 ton raw _____ -------- 0.9346 tons refined
Tobacco ________________________ 1 pound farm-sales
weight_------------- Various weights of stemmed and unstemmed, accord·
ing to aging and the type of tobacco. (See circular.
435, U.s. Dep.t. of Agr.)
Tomatoes _______________________ 1 casevanned "-------- 0.027 tons fresh . .
Turkeys ________________________ 1 pound live weight __ _ 0.90 pounds N. Y. dressed weight
Do ___________ --------------_____ do. ___ ------------ 0.75 pounds ready-to-cook weight
Wheat flour ___ ----------------- 100 pounds ___________ _ 2.33 bushels wheat "
Wool, domestic apparel shorn___ 1 pound greasy ______ _ 0.44 pounds scoured
Wool, domestic apparel pulled ... _____ do. ___ ------------ 0.75 pounds scoured
"Case of 24 number 2% cans.
" Case of 24 number 2 cans.
as The milk equivalent of ice cream per gallon Is 15 pounds. Reports from plants indicate
about 81 percent of the butterfat in Ice cream is from milk and cream, the remainder being
from butter and concentrated milk. Thus the milk equivalent of the milk and cream in a
gallon of Ice cream is about 12 pounds.
•• This Is equiYalent to 4.56 bushels of wheat per barrel (196 pounds) of flour and bas been
used In conversions beginning July 1, 1944. Because of changes in milling processes, the
following factors per barrel of flour have been used for earlier periods: 1790-1879, 5 bushels;
1880-1908, 4.7'i buRhels; 1909-17, 4.7 bushels; 1918 and 1919, 4.5 bushels; 1920, 4.6 bushels;
1921-44, 4.7 bushels. From Mar. 1 to Nov. 1, 1946, the milling rate averaged about 2.20
bushels wheat per 100 pounds flour.
X