Agricultural statistics 1948

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UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
•
AGRICULTURAL
STATISTICS
1948
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1949
For sale by the Superintendent of Doeumenu, U. S. Government Printing Office
Washington 25, D. C.

Agricultural Statistics, 1948
Prepared under the direction of the Yearb ook Statistical Committee:
RICHARD K. SMITH, Chairman; PAUL FROEHLICH, Se.cretary; RALPH
U. BATTLES, ROBERT H. BLACK, FLOYD E. DAVIS, TIMOTHY G. HORN
UNG, GERHARD J. ISAAC, ALMONT. MACE, SAMUEL W. MENDUM, and
DAVID M. PETTUS.
CONTENTS
Page Page
Introduction _______________ --_________________ _ 2 V-Hay, seeds, etc.-Continued
Weights, measures, and con version factors .• 4 Peppermint and spearmint____________ 329
Popcorn _____ ------_______ --------_____ 330
!-Grains: Velvetbeans ________ -------____ ,. ___ __ _ 331
Food grains:
Wheat. _____ ---______ ------------- 7 VI-Beef cattle, hogs, sheep, horses, and
Rye ___ --_--_-----_--_------------- 24 mules:
Rice_ _____ ------------------------- 32 Beef cattle___________________________ 332
Buckwheat_ _________________ ------ 40 Hogs ________ --______________________ 350
Feed grains: Sheep_______________________________ 362
Com __ --------------------------- 43 WooL_______________________________ 376
Oats.----------------------------- 56 Goats and mohair___________________ 383
Barley ____ ------------------------ 54 Meat and meat products____________ 385
Sorghums. __ ----____ -------------- 73 Hides. _________________ ------------_ 391
Grain consumption ______ -------------- 72 Horses and mules____________________ 392
Feedstuffs _____ ------_----------------- 77 Animal units.----------------------- 395
Livestock index numbers____________ 396
II-Cotton, sugar, and tobacco: Animal diseases_____________________ 397
Cotton _______ ----------___ ------------ 79
Other fibers._------------------------- 94 VII-Dairy and poultry products:
Sugar plants and sugar _________ : _____ _ 97 Cows and dairy products ____________ · 398
Sirups _____ ---------------------------- 113 Chickens __ --------_----------------- 434
Honey and beeswax __________________ _ 117 Turkeys ________________ ------------- 455
Tobacco ___________ ----__ -------------- 122 Eggs ___________ --------------------- 463
1n- Oilseeds, fats, and oils: VIII-Foreign trade of the United States:
Cottonseed ____ ------------------------ 135 Exports, imports, etc., of agricultural
Flaxseed _____________________________ _ 138 products _____________ ----------____ 474
Olive oil _____ -------------------------- 143 Exports by destination______________ 486
Peanuts _______ -----_- ----------------- ~43 Imports by origin_--------------~--- 514
Soybeans ____ -------------------------- 149
Tung nuts ____ --__ -------------------- 156 IX-Farm resources, income, and expenses:
Oleomargarine ____ ------____ ---------- 157 Farm property---------------------- 527
Shortening _____________ --------------- 158 Population and employment._______ 541
Fats and oils _________________________ _ 160 Farm production and distribution___ 554
Prices and income___________________ 577
IV-Frnits, vegetables, melons, tree nuts, and Costs and expenses__________________ 599
beverage crops: Credit and loan programs.---------- 630
Fruits and berries-------------------- 171
Seasonal groupings of commercial trnck X-Agricultural conservation and forestry
crops for fresh market_ _____________ _ 228 statistics:
Vegetables and melons _______________ _ 229 Agricultural conservation programs
Miscellaneous statistics ______ ------___ _ 284 branch of P.M.A__________________ 672
Tree nuts. __ -------------------------- 287 Soil Conservation Service____________ 679
Coffee, tea, and cacao beans __________ _ 293 Soil surveys _____ -------------------- 687
Forest Service statistics______________ 688
V-Hay, seeds, and minor field crops: Turpentine and rosin________________ 710
Hay_ _________________________________ _ 296
Pasture and range ____________________ _ 301 XI-Miscellaneous statistics:
Seeds _________ ------------------------- 302 Weather Bureau reports_____________ 714
Rates of seeding ______________________ _ 314 Fisheries and fish statistics__________ 721
Beans, dry, edible ____________________ _ 315 Refrigeration statistics________________ 725
Peas, dry, field _______________________ _ 321 Frozen-food lockers__________________ 726
Broomcorn ______ --_____ --------------- 324 AI'J'icultural Extension Service______ 727
Cowpeas. __________ ------------------- 325 4-H Club work______________________ 730
HHoepms _p__ ______________ _-_-_____ -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- ----_-_- 327
328 Index.----------------------------------------- 731
1
2 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1948
INTRODUCTION
Agricultural Statistics brings together each year the more im
portant series of statistics compiled in the Department of Agricul
ture or in other departments whose work concerns agriculture.
Although far more information is available than can be included in
a single volume, the tables selected give a wide variety of facts in
forms suited to most common uses. Inquiries concerning more de
tailed data or the statistical methodology used should be addressed
directly to the agencies to whom tables in this volume are credited.
These agencies can also answer questions about past and prospective
revisions in published data.
Historical series have again been generally limited to data be
ginning with 1929 or 1930, or to the most recent 10 years. Agricultural
Statistics for 1942 is still the most complete reference for earlier
data. In building up series from earlier volumes, however, it should
be remembered that statistics most recently published supersede those
published previously.
The table of contents indicates the general lay-out of the book, and
page headings indicate the subdivisions within each chapter.
The term "farm value" as used in the various tables means the
value of farm products at the local market. The word "year" (alone)
in a column heading means "calendar year."
When the word "Yearb ook" appears alone, it refers to the Year
book of Agriculture, published annually by the Department of Agri
culture. Through 1935, approximately one-half of each Yearbook
. carried the kind of material that is now published separately in
Agricultural Statistics.
DEPARTM~NT ESTIMATES AND CENSUS FIGURES
Estimates of the Department of Agriculture are made primarily
to give timely current State and national totals and averages. They
· are based on "benchmark" data ~upplied by the quinquennial census
of agriculture and on sample data supplied by farmers and by people
who do business with farmers, together with check data from other
sou,rces. Being estimates, they are subject to revisions as more data
become available form commercial or Government sources.
Census data are the results of the most nearly complete enumera
tion or actual count that can be made, and are used for many other
purposes than determining State and national totals and averages.
For example, each census provides much detailed information about
counties and minor civil divisions. It also provides data whch can
be organized into many frequency distributions and cross-classifica
tions for large and small portions of the country.
The definition of a census precludes revising census data to bring
them in line with other indications, even though in practice it is
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1948 3
difficult to ·obtain a complete enumeration. Any effort to make such
revisions would produce estimates.
For census years, many tables carry both census figures and this
Department's estimates.
Generally, where there are appreciable differences between census
figures and this Department's final estimates, the process of checking
and revising estimates has indicated that some sources provide more
nearly complete information about some items than the census has
been able to obtain. For example, this Department's estimates of
tobacco production can be considered more precise than census fig
ures, because the estimates are revised in line with actual production
as shown independently by Internal Revenue records and State rec
ords of tobacco sales. Sugar-beet and sugarcane production and
acreage estimates are adjusted to the quantities actually reported
by sugar factories. Check information on peanuts is available from
processors for areas sometimes including several States. Another
illustration may be found in the introduction to the chapter on live
stock statistics.
Additional information about the relation between census data
and the Department of Agriculture's estimates can be obtained from
the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, U. S. Department of Agri
culture, Washington 25, D. C.
WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND CONVERSION FACTORS
"Ton" when used in this book without qualification means a short
ton of 2,000 pounds.
The subjoined table of weights, measures, and conversion factors
covers the most important agricultural products, or the products for
which such information is most frequently asked in the Department
of Agriculture. It does not cover all farm products nor all containers
for any one product.
The figures were assembled from various sources within the De
partment and from State schedules of legal weights. For most prod
ucts, particularly fruits and vegetables, there is a considerable varia
tion in weight per unit of volume, due to differences in variety or
size of the commodity, condition and tightness of pack, degree to
which the container is heaped, etc. Effort was made to select the most
representative and fairest average for each product. For those com
modities which develop considerable shrinkage, the point-of-origin
weight or weight at harvest was used.
The approximate or average weights, as given in this table, do
not necessarily have official standing as a basis for packing or as
grounds for settling disputes. Not all of them are recognized as legal
weights. The table was prepared chiefly for use of workers in the
Department of Agriculture who have need of conversion factors in
statistical computations. The figures are subject to revision.
4 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1948
WEIGHTS, MEASURES, AND CONVERSION FACTORS
[See explanatory text just preceding this table]
WEIGHTS _•AND:iMEASURES
Approxi Approxi
Commodity Unit' mate net Commodity Unlt1 mate net
weight weight
-----------l--------------l--------1--------------l-------------l-~-----
Pounds Pounds
Alfalfa seed __________ BusheL __________ _ 60 Grain sorghums _____ BusheL __________ _ 5B and 50
48 Grapefruit:
Apples ______________ {~-~:~~===:::::::::: 44 Florida and Texas_ Box"------------- 80
14480 GrCapaelsi_fo__rn__ia_ _________________ __B__u_s hdeoL" -_-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 19 6488
A~i~t~m====== == == = ~~;~e)===========: 22 Eastern ___________ 12-quart basket 18
Artichokes: (Lug box"--------- 28
AsJGpelarourbasega _ul_es_m ____ ______________ __-__-__- -__ BCBouraxsh t•ee-_L--- _--_--_--_--_--_--_--_--_--_-- --_ 453000 W estern ___________ [Kin4ec-ghb eas(s)2k., 6e4t2 ccruabteic21 ?2 3220
Avocados: JBox, sawdust 34
CFlaolirfiodran _i_a__ _________________ __B__o_x d'o-- •- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 12-1153 Hempseed__________ _ BupsahcekL.2 3_ _________ _ 44
Bananas_----------- Bunch, 8-9 hands_ 45-65 Hickory nuts. ____________ do ____________ _ 50
Barley_------------- BusheL __________ _ 48 Honey_------------- Gallon_---------- 11.75
BeLainms:a , dry ______________ do ____________ _ 56 HHoonneeyy BDaelwl mmeelloonnss _ _ _C__r__a tdeo_. _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 3705
Others, dry_------{----do_ ___________ _ 60 Hops ________________ Bale, gross _______ _ 200
Sack_------------- 100 Horseradish roots ___ {BusheL __________ _ 35
Lima, unshelled ___ BusheL __________ _ 32 BarreL __________ _ 100
Snap __ -------__________ do _____ --_____ _ 30 Hungarian millet BusheL __________ _ 4~ and 50
Beets: seed.
Without tops ___________ do ____________ _ 52 Kaflr _____________________ do _____ -______ _ 56 and 50
Bunched __________ Western crate'---- 70 Kale ____________ . ________ do _____ -------- 18
Berries, frozen pack: Kapok seed ______________ do ____________ _ 35-40
Without sugar_ ___ 50-gallon barreL __ 380 Lard _____ .__________ Tierce ____________ _ 375
32++11 ppaacckk ______________________________ ddoo ________________________ __ 442550 LLeenmtiolsn_s_, _C__a l_i_f _o_r_n_i_a_ _ __ BBouxsh 2e·'L-- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 19 6709
Blackberries _________ 24-quart crate ____ _ 36 Lettuce _____________ Western crate'---- 70
Bluegrass seed _______ BusheL _________ _ 14-30 Limes _______________ Box"------------- 80
Broomcorn (6 bales Bale ______________ _ 333 Linseed oiL _________ Gallon ___________ _ 9 7. 7
per ton). Malt________________ BusheL _________ _ 34
BBruocokmwchoerant_ s _e_e_d_ __________ __B__u_s dhoe L__ ____________________ __ 4448--5502 MMeaapdleo wsir ufeps_c_u_e_ _s_e_ed___ GBuasllhoenL_ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 1214
Butter-------------- Tub ______________ _ 63 Milk________________ Gallon ___ --------_ 8. 6
1Yz-bushel ham- 45-50 Millet_______________ BusheL __ --------_ 48-50
Cabbage_-----------{ per. Molasses ___ --------- Gallon_----------- 12
Cantaloup __ -------- JWumesbteor nc rcartea t8e _'_ _____ __ 8700 MOautsst _a_r_d_ _s_e_e_d_ ______________ __B__u_s hdoe L__ ____________________ __ 58-6302
Carrots: Olives___________ ___ Lug box"--------- 25-30
Without tops______ BusheL __________ _ 50 Olive oiL ___________ Gallon ___________ _ • 7. 6
Bunched __________ Western crate'---- 75 Sack_------------- 100
CCaassttoorr- boeiaLn s__________________ BGualslhoenL _ ____________________ __ 94 86 Onions, dry _________ {Busg~Ciate=:=:::= 5570
Cauliflower_________ 1%-bushel crate __ _ 37 Bushel, early _____ _ 50
C el erY --------------{Y%z ccrraattee _ 1_'-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 9605 Obnuinochnesd,. green Crate7 ___________ _ 5G-55
Cherries: Onion sets ___________ BusheL __________ _ 28-32
With stems _______ BusheL __________ _ 56 Oranges:
Without stems ____ {----do ___ ii _______ _ 64 Florida and Texas_ Box"------------- 90
CCloorvne: r seed _________ BFluasth beoLx _ __-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 6105 OParCclmahlai ofrodir Lngi _ra_a __s__s__ __s__e__e__d___ _ __BG__ua_lsl hdoeonL "_ -__-___-__-___-__-__-__-__-__- -__ •1 97 .71 745
SGEhareerl,el neh,du _ssw_k_ee_ed_t _____ ______________________________ dddooo ____________________________________ ___ 12 375056 ~:::~:~ :~ ~::: ~: ::~ {~: ~J~i=~,~==== :::: 245800
Meal------------- _____ do------------ 50 Peanut oiL_________ Gallon_---------- • 7. 7
OiL----------____ Gallon_----------- • 7. 7 Peanuts, unshelled:
Sirup ___________________ do _____ -------- 11.75 Virginia type ______ BusheL __________ _ 22
cotton- -------------{BBaallee,, gnreots _s_ ______________ __ "458000 eRausntenrne.r s, south- _____ do ____________ _ 28
Cottonseed__________ BusheL----------- "32 Spanish ________________ do ____________ _ 30
Cottonseed oiL _____ Gallon ___________ _ • 7. 7 Pears, California _________ do ____________ _ 48
Cowpeas______ __ __ __ BusheL __ ------__ _ 60 Other-------------_____ do_ ___________ _ 50
Cranberri-es {BarreL __________ _ 100 Western ___________ Box"------------- 46
--------- %:-barrel box''--- 25 Peas:
Cream, 40-percen t Gallon_----------- 8.39 Green, unshelled __ BusheL __________ _ 30
butterfat. Dry _________ ------ _____ do _____ --_____ _ 60
DCeuwcubmerrbieerss __-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 2B4u-sqhueaLrt _ c__ra__te_ ________ __ 3486 PPeerpipllear ss e__e_d_ _____________________________ ddoo __________ -_-__-_-_-_-_- -_ "37-i2O5
Eggplant__ _________ _ BusheL _________ _ 33 Pineapples __________ Crate 26 _ ---------- 70
Eggs, average size __ _ Case, 30 dozen ___ _ 45 BusheL ______ --__ _ 56
Escarole ____________ _ Bushel hamper ___ _ 25 Plums and prunes___ {Crate •----------- 20
Figs, fresh __________ _ Box, single lay- 6 Suitcase lug"---- 16
FFllaoxusre, evda _r_io__u_s_ ___________ __ BBuaserrhr eeI8LL ____________________ __ 19566 PopSOchnoe lrelnead: r____-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- BBuusshheeLL _ __________________ __ 12 5706
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1948 5
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES-(Contlnued)
Approxi Approxi
Commodity Unit' mate net Commodity Unit' mate net
weight weight
Pounds Pounds
PPooptaptyo esse_e-d-.-----------------{BBuusshheeLL _ __________________ __ 6406 Tanger!nes, Flo':_i;J-~a-{ito~t~~~~=~=~==== 4405
BarreL. .. _______ _ 165 Timothy seed _______ BusheL __________ _ 45
Quinces ...• ----..... BusheL. _________ _ 48 Tobacco:
Rapeseed ______ ...•.. BusheL __________ _ 50 and 60 Maryland ___ ------ Hogshead_------- 600-800
Raspberries_-------- 24-quart crate ..... 36 Flue-cured_------ Hogshead_------- OOQ-1, 100
Redtop seed. ________ BusheL ... _______ _ -14-40 Burley------------ Hogshead_-------- 1, OOQ-1, 200
Refiner's sirup ______ Gallon ___________ _ 11.72 Dark air-cured ___ _ Hogshead ________ _ 1, OOQ-1' 250
Rice: Virginia fire- Hogshead_-------- 1, 050-1,350
BusheL ___ •••••... 45 cured.
Rough_-----------{Bag ______________ _ 100 Kentucky and Hogshead _________ 1,350-1,650
BarreL ___________ _ 162 Tennessee fire-
Milled ____________ Pocket or bag ____ _ 100 cured.
RRoustainb _a_g_a__s___-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- DBurushme,L n _e_t___ ____________ __ 55260 Cigar leaL ________ {~:f:_--~~=========== 1255QQ--316755
Rye_________________ BusheL __________ _ 56 Tomatoes_---------- BusheL __________ _ 53
Sesame seed _________ BusheL __________ _ 46 Lug box"-------- 32
Shallots_ __ ---------_ BusheL ___ -------- 25 Turnips:
SSooSSyrigebreouedap: _n__s_____________________________________ BBGuuassllhhoeenLL_ __-__-__-__-__-__- _--_--_--_-- --_ 11.565500 VTuWBeruplinetvhnceohtiuetnd te _t _bo___p_e__s__a ____n______s___ ___ BBCGuaurlasslhtoheene'L -_L -___ -___-___-_____- __-. __-___-____-___- -___ 570.- 86F2A003.
SSopyebleLa _n_ _o_i_L_ ------------_-_- BGualslhoenL_- _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ • 7.4 07 Ve(thcuhl _le_d__)_. _________ _ BusheL __________ _ 60
Spinach_____________ BusheL _________ _ 18 Walnuts __ ---------- BusheL __________ _ 50
Strawberries ________ 24-quart crate. ___ _ 36 Water, 60°F ________ _ Gallon_---------- 8. 33
Sudan grass seed ____ BusheL __________ _ 40 Watermelons _______ _ Melon of average 25
Sugarcane sirup _____ Gallon ___________ _ 11.35 or medium size.
Sunflower seed ______ BusheL __________ _ 24 and 32 WheaL------------ BusheL __________ _ 60
Sweetpotatoes__ __ __ _ BusheL __________ _ ,. 55 Various commodi Short ton------__ ._ 2,000
ties. Long ton _________ _ 2, 240
' Standard bushel used in the United States contains 2,150.42 cubic inches; the gallon, 231 cubic inches; the
cranberry barrel, 5,826 cubic inches; and the standard fruit and vegetable barrel, 7,056 cubic inches. Such large
sized products as apples and potatoes sometimes are sold on the basis of a heaped bushel, which would exceed
somewhat the 2,150.42 cubic inches of a bushel basket len! full. This also applies to such products as sweet
potatoes, peaches, green beans, green peas, spinach, etc.
'Approximate inside dimensions, 10)1 by llYz by 18 inches.
• Approximate inside dimensions, 4Yz by 16 by 16Yz inches.
'Approximate inside dimensions, 9% by 11 by 20% inches.
• Approximate inside dimensions, 3% by 13Yz by 16Ys inches.
• Approximate inside dimensions, 4!{6 by 13)1 by 16Ys inches.
'Approximate inside dimensions, 13 by 18 by 21% inches.
'Approximate inside dimensions, 13 by 13 by 22Ys inches.
' This Is the weight commonly used in trade practice, the actual weight varying according to temperature
conditions.
10 Approximate inside dimensions, 22 by 16 by 20% inches.
n Approximate inside dimensions, 3% by 11)1 by 14Ys inches.
12 The standard weight of 70 pounds is usually recognized as being about 2 measured bushels of corn, husked,
on the ear, because it requires 70 pounds to yield 1 bushel, or 56 pounds, of shelled corn.
,. For statistical purposes the bale of cotton is 500 pounds gross or 480 pounds net weight. Prior to Aug. 1, 1946,
the net weight was estimated at 478 pounds. Actual bale weights vary considerably, and the customary average
weights of bales of foreign cotton differ from that of the American square bale.
u This is the average weight of cottonseed, although the legal weight in some State! varies from this figure of
32 pounds.
15 Approximate inside dimensions, 97.( by IOYz by 15 inches.
•• Approximate inside dimensions, I% by 11 by 16Ys inches.
"Approximate inside dimensions, 12 by 12 by 24 inches.
18 Approximate Inside dimensions, UYz by llYz by 24 inches.
19 Until1942, these net weights as used in this Department (for figuring quantities and values of bulk fruit in
terms of packed boxes) were 60 pounds for grapefruit, 76 pounds for lemons, and 70 pounds for oranges. Grapefruit
in the Desert Valley of California and in Arizona probably weighs slightly Jess than that in other parts of Cali
fornia, or about 65 pounds per box, compared with 68 pounds in other California.
"' Approximate inside dimensions, 5% by 13)1 by 16Ys inches.
" Approximate inside dimensions, 4% by 16 by 16Ys inches.
"About 13 pounds of sawdust are required to pack 32 pounds of grapes In a keg, thus making the total weight
about 45 pounds
23 Approximate inside dimensions, 7% by 15 by 18% inches.
"Approximate inside dimensions, 9% by 13 by 25 inches.
25 Approximate Inside dimensions, 8Yz by 11Yz by 18 inches.
"Approximate inside dimensions, 12 by 10)1 by 33 inches.
"Approximate inside dimensions, 37.( by 11 by 18 inches .
• 28 This average of 55 pounds indicates the usual weight of sweetpotatocs when harvested. Much weight Is lost
m curing or drying, and the net weight when sold in terminal markets may be below 55 pounds.
" Approximate inside dimensions, 6 by 12 by 24 inches. This is the box ordinarily used in market sales. Farm
weight is about 90 pounds per whole box.
30 Approximate inside dimensions, 9Yz by 9Yz by 19 inches.
(See conversion factors on next page)
6 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1948
CONVERSION FACTORS
Commodity Unit Approximate equivalent
A¥Df~o~ _~_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_ :_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:__:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_: :_ 1I ppoouunndd cdhrioepds _ _______________ __ 57 ppoouunnddss ffrreesshh;. beginning 1943, 8 pounds fresh.
1 barre'---------------- 3 boxes or 3 bu&bel baskets.
Apricots ___________ ------------- 1 pound dried ________ _ 5.\1 pounds fresh.
Barley flour ____________________ _ 100 pounds ___________ _ 4.59 bushels barley.
Beans, lima ____________________ _ I pound shelled ______ _ 2 pounds unshelled.
Buckwheat flour_ ______________ _ 100 pounds ___________ _ 3.57 bushels buckwheat.
Cane sirup _____________________ _ 1 gallon __ ------------- 5 pounds sugar.
Cherries ___________ ----____ ----- 1 pound dried ________ _ 4 pounds fresh in California; 5 pounds fresh elsewhere.
Corn, shelled __________________ _ I bushel (56lbs.) _____ _ 2 bushels (70 pounds) of husked ear corn.
Corn meal:
3.16 bushels corn, beginning 1946.
~~~o;r~~~med~~::::::::::::::: -~~-~~~~~:::::::::::: 2 bushels corn, beginning 1946.
Cotton __________________________ 1 pound ginned _______ _ 2.86 pounds unginned, up until1943.
Dairy products:
21 pounds milk.
~~~~;~~::::::::::::::::::::::: -~-:~g~~::::::::::::::: 10 pounds milk.
Condensed milk, whole ____________ do ________________ _ 2.2 pounds milk.
Evaporated milk, whole ___________ do ________________ _ Do.
Ice cream"------------------- 1 gallon ______________ _ 15 pounds milk.
Ice cream" (eliminating fat _____ do ________________ _ 12 pounds milk.
from butter and concen-
trated milk).
~~~~;r~~i;;;i1k:::::::::::::::::: -~-:~~~::::::::::::::: 2.6 pounds milk.
8 pounds milk.
Powdered cream _____________________ do ________________ _ 19 pounds milk.
Dates ___________________________ 1 pound dried ________ _ 17!! pounds fresh.
EgDgos _ _______________________________________________________ __1_ _c_a sdeo _(4__5_l_b_s_._)_ _______________ __ 37.5 pounds frozen-or liquid eggs, since 1937.
10.1 pounds dried eggs.
Figs ____________________________ 1 pound dried ________ _ 3 pounds fresh in California; 4 pounds fresh elsewhere.
Grapefruit, Florida _____________ 1 case canned _________ _ Slightly less than 1 box fresh fruit.
Flaxseed __ ---------------------- 1 busheL. ___________ _ Yields about 2.\1 gallons oil.
From 0.4 bushel flaxseed.
M:~~~:-;~i~::::::::::::::::::: ~ !~~~~~ ~~~~~~:~:::::: 1 bushel barley (48 lbs.).
8 pounds maple sugar.
Nuts:
Almonds, imported ___________ 1 pound shelled ______ _ 3% pounds unshelled.
Almonds, California _______________ do ________________ _ 2.22 pounds unshelled.
BraziL ____________________________ do ________________ _ 2 pounds unshelled.
Cashews ___________________________ do ________________ _ 4.55 pounds unshelled.
Chestnuts __ ------------------ _____ do _______ ---------- 1.19 pounds unshelled.
Filberts ____________________________ do ________________ _ 2.22 pounds unshelled.
Pecans:
Seedling_----------______________ do ________________ _ 2.63 pounds unshelled.
Improved ________________________ do ________________ _ 2.38 pounds unshelled.
Pignolias ___________________________ do ________________ _ 1.3 pounds unshelled.
Pistachios __________________________ do ________________ _ 2 pounds unshelled.
Walnuts:
Black ___________ --------_________ do ________________ _ 8% pounds unshelled.
Persian (English) ________________ do ________________ _ 2.38 pounds unshelled.
OatmeaL _______________________ 100 pounds ___________ _ 7.6 bushels oats, beginning 1943.
Peaches, California, frerstone ___ 1 pound dried ________ _ 5.\1 pounds fresh through 1918; 6 pounds fresh for
1919-28, and 6.\1 pounds fresh from 1929 to date.
Peaches, California, clingstone _______ do ________________ _ 7.\1 pounds fresh.
i 1.\1 pounds unshelled.
~:~~s~t_s_-:::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~~ ~~[~~-~~:::::: 5.\1 pounds fresh.
Peas, green.-------------------- 1 pound shelled ______ _ 2.5 pounds unshelled.
Prunes __________________________ 1 pound dried ________ _ 2.\1 pounds fresh in California; 3 to 4 pounds .fresh
elsewhere.
4 pounds fresh grapes.
i~:;~~~::::::::::::::::::::::: -~~~i~~~~:::::::::::: 3.42 bushels rough or unbulled rice.
2.35 bushels rye, beginning 1939.
Sugar--------------------------- 1 ton raw _____________ _ Hawaii, 0.9617 ton refined; Puerto Rico and Philip
pines, 0.946 ton refined; Cuba, 0.9418 ton refined,
beginning with the 1931-32 season; Louisiana (96°
raw), 0.9346 ton refined, beginning 1919; Florida
(96° raw), 0.9346 ton refined, beginning 1928.
Tobacco_----------------------- 1 pound farm-sales Various weights of stemmed and unstemmed, accord
weight. ing to aging and the typ_e of tobacco. (See Cir
cular 435, U.S. Dept." of Agr.).
Wheat flour _____________________ 100 pounds ___________ _ 2.33 bushels wheat"·
Wool, domestic shorn___________ 1 pound scoured ______ _ 2.5 pounds grease.
Wool, imported shorn appareL ______ do ________________ _ 1.67 pounds grease.
Wool, domestic pulled _______________ do ________________ _ 1.5 pounds grease.
Wool, imported pulled appareL _____ do ________________ _ 1.3 pounds grease.
31 The milk equivalent of ice cream per gallon is 15 pounds. Reports from plants indicate about 81 percent of
the butterfat in ice cream is from milk and cream, the remainder being from butter and concentrated milk. Thus
the milk equivalent of the milk and cream in a gallon of ice cream is about 12 pounds.
"This Is equivalent to 4.56 bushels of wheat per barrel (196 pounds) of flour and bas been used in conversions
beginning July 1, 1944. Because of changes in milling processes, the following factors per barrel of flour have been
used for earlier periods: 1790-1879, 5 bushels; 1880-1908, 4.75 bushels; 1909-1917, 4.7 bushels; 1918 and 1919, 4.5
bushels; 1920, 4.6 bushels; 1921-44, 4.7 bushels. From March 1 to Nov. 1, 1946, the milling rate averaged about
2.20 bushels wheat per 100 pounds flour.
CHAPTER I
STATISTICS OF GRAINS
This chapter on grains is concerned with estimates of acreage,
production, farm disposition, stocks, prices received by farmers, and
farm value. Estimates in greater detail are published regularly by
the Crop Reporting Board.
Tables on sorgo sirup, which might be expected in the sorghum
group, are included with "sugar crops." Popcorn and broomcorn
tables are included with "minor field crops." Corn sugar and corn
sirup, however, are included in the corn tables in this chapter.
New tables this year include one on United States foreign trade
of wheat, an international trade table on rice, and a master table on
corn hybrids.
TABLE I.-Wheat: Acreage, production, value, and foreign trade, United States, 1929-.4-7
Average price
Yield aSveearsaogne pbeerg ibnunsihnegl ,J yuelya,r Foflroeuigr,n y teraadr eb,e ignicnlnuidnign g
Acreage per price at- July'
Year sAecerdeeadg e1 vebsatre-d vhesatre-d Prtoidounc - bupsehre l Fvaarlume
acre recbeiyv ed Kansas Minne- Domes-l Im- Net ex-
farmers City' apolis' tic ex- ports • ports 1
ports'
------------------------------
1, 000 1,000 Bush- 1, 000 1, 000 1,000 1, 000 1, 000
acres acres els bushels Cents dollars Cents Cents bushels bushels bushels
11992299 __________________ -6--7-,1-7-7-- 6623,,039020 1132..09 882040,,168439 --1--0-3-.{-\- --8-5--3-,7-7-8-- -----1-2-0- -----1-3-0- 1-5-3-,- -2-4-5- -1-2-,- 9-5-6- --1-4--0-,3-6-1-
1930 _________ 67,559 62,637 14.2 886, 522 67. 1 595,247 76 82 131,475 19,059 112,435
193L_ _______ 66,463 57,704 16.3 941,540 39.1 368, 270 47 71 135, 797 12, 886 123,774
1932 _________ 66,281 57,851 13.1 756,307 38.2 289, 230 51 61 41, 211 9,382 32,284
1933 _________ 69,009 49,424 11.2 552,215 74.4 410,770 88 91 37,002 11,494 25, 508
1111199999333335467_4 ____-___ -____-____-____-____-____-____-____- -8676-930-4-,,,,6980-1716-104-4 - 6454449113,,,,,113396204469573 1111132222.....16282 856652721283986,,,,, 892028115204732 --1-889-0-3462-....128-5 - --8564-2-4441-560,-,,, 407-9860-155-56- -----111-2019-1158- ----1111-2412-67-68 - 1-120-211-57,,-,, 91-5529-839-442- -442-3676-,,-,, 9651-2363-148-4 - -881- 832-0 3-603,-,,, 367-6430-00-392
111111199999994348344399082L _____________ _________________________________________________ -566567-125-832-,,,,,,987908-820800-107-042- 55546555321990,,,,,,, 726315977659233395576 11111119454366....... 3138450 898997746411401934918,,,,,,, 389268981114571036302 -99- 999911- -669513-948066-......1-00422- 11-,,- 801555-684151-49-8256,-,,,,, 545687-624348-177659- - -----111-248177-465202- ----111-12599-7700599- -1-334551-1530-45,-,,,,, 845271-305781-317404- -1-1114-859-107,,-,,,, 6304-563123-2731-4036- -8-1 94222-066-3940,-,,,,, 25872-1034656-134871-
111999444544 __-__-__-__-__-__-__-__-__- -66-69-,,- -11-39-00- 665589,,, 721482960 111777...077 111,,, 001603082,,, 612612104 -9-11--54-01-..-00- 11-,,- 64-9-67-1,-, 6-649-93- -----11-65-06- -----1-1-5i-9l- 3-51--68-,,68-02-47- --15-31-,,- 5-556-10- --3-0--55-,,02-47--37
1946 _________ 71,536 67,075 17.2 1, 153,046 191.0 2, 203,246 209 234 367,207 2,025 365, 172
1947 "------- 77,947 74,186 18.4 1, 364,919 241.0 3, 288,905 11252 288 ------------------------
1 Includes acreage seeded in preceding fall for harvest in the year shown.
2 No. 2 Hard Winter, computed by weighting selling prices by number of carlots sold, as reported in the Kan
sas City Grain Market Review.
'No.1 Dark Northern Spring, computed by weighting selling prices by number of carlots sold, as reported in
the Minneapolis Daily Market Record.
• Compiled from Monthly Summary of Foreign Commerce of the United States, January and June issues,
and official records of the Department of Commerce. From July 1, 1944 to Feb. 28, 1946, and also from Nov. 1,
1946, wheat flour has been converted at the ratio of 100 pounds of flour to 2.33 bushels of wheat. The following
conversion factors per 100 pounds of flour were used in the months of 1946 indicated: March, 2.282,021; April,
2.175,237; May, 2.182,072; June, 2.171,836; July, 2.179,789; August, 2.219,854; September, 2.201,673, and October,
2.226,700. Wheat flour converted to terms of grain on the following basis: 1929 to June 1944, 4.7 bushels of grain
per barrel of flour.
'Includes flour milied from imported wheat.
' Includes wheat imported for milling in bond and export.
: Tot!J-1 exports (domestic plus foreign) minus total imports; beginning 1933, net figures are domestic exports
mmus Imports for consumption.
8 Net imports, i.e., imports for consumption minus domestic exports.
'Includes an allowance for unredeemed loans at average Joan value.
"Preliminary.
11 No.2 Hard and Dark Hard Winter.
Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Italic figures are census returns. Data for 1899-1928 in Agricultural Sta
tistics, 1942, table 1.
7
8 GRAINS, 1948
TABLE 2.-Wheat, winter, all spring, durum, and other spring: Acreage seeded and harvested,
and production, United States, 1938-1,.7
Winter All spring
Yield
Year psAereeccdreeeaddgi ineng hAarcvreeasgteed sYepeieedrled d vbepsaetrre· d Prtoiodnu c· Aseceredaegde hAarcvreeasgteed sYepeieedrled d haYrpvieeerlsd te d Prtoiodnu c·
fall acre acre acre acre
---------------------------------
1,000 1,000 1,000 1, 000 1,000 1, 000
acres acres Bushels Bushels lntshels acres acres Bushels Bushels bushel~
11993398 __ _-_-_-_-_-_- 5466,,145644 3479,,658617 1122..13 1135..80 668655,,167782 1262,,561478 1149,,968308 1100..54 1121..07 127354,,763358
1g4o _______ 43,536 36,095 13.6 16.4 592,809 18,234 17,178 12.1 12.9 221,837
1941_ ______ 46,045 39,778 14.6 16.9 673,727 16,662 16,157 16.1 16.6 268,243
1942 _______ 38,855 36,020 18.1 19.6 702,159 14,145 13,753 18.9 19.4 267,222
1943 _______ 38,515 34,563 14.0 15.6 537,476 17,469 16,792 17.6 18.2 306,337
1944 _______ 46,821 41,125 16.1 18.3 751,901 19,369 18,624 15.9 16.6 308,210
11994456_ _ _-_-_-_-_-_- 0602,,411955 4468,,938590 1166..27 1187..04 887107,,782354 1189,,374115 1188,,173215 1154..66 1156..10 229802,,339201
1947 1_ _____ 58,068 54,780 18.4 19.6 1,067, 970 19,879 19,406 14.9 15.3 296,949
Durum (3 States)• Other spring
Acreage
seeded
1938.------ 3, 793 3,484 10.5 11.4 39,715 18,724 16,146 10.4 12.1 195,020
1939 _______ 3,128 2, 965 10.4 11.0 32,486 13,520 12,023 10.6 11.9 143,052
1jl40 _______ 3,371 3,029 9.6 10.7 32,294 14,913 14,149 12.7 13.4 189,543
1941_ ______ 2, 598 2, 524 15.6 16.1 40,658 14,064 13,633 16.2 16.7 227,586
11994432 __ _-_-_-_-_-_- 22,,115356 22,,100798 1195..17 1169..16 4313,,253065 1151,,393930 1114,,674144 1187..88 1198..46 222752,,988362
1944 _______ 2,099 2,057 14.1 14.4 29,666 17,270 16,567 16.1 16.8 278,544
1945 _______ 2,026 2,004 16.2 16.4 32,840 16,689 16, 127 15.4 16.0 257,550
11994476 _1 - _-__-_-_-_- 22,, 499532 22,, 495235 1144..94 1145..60 3435,,988336 1166,,982478 1166,,428712 1144..69 1155..13 224562,,498656
1 Preliminary.
• Includes "Red Durum."
Bureau of Agricultural Economics. Data for 1909-28 in Agricultural Statistics, 1942, table 2, and data for
929-37 in Agricultural Statistics, 1943, table 2.