Agricultural statistics 1938

546 Pages·40.836 MB·English

UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
+
AGRICULTURAL
STATISTICS
1938
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
W ASIDNGTON : 1938
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington,. D. C. Price SS cents Paper Covers

Agricultural Statistics, 1938
Prepared under the direction of the Yearb ook Statistical
Committee: JosEPH L. ORR, chairman; PAUL FROEHLICH,
secretary; D. F. CHRISTY, S. W. MENDUM, J. W. PARK,
R. E. PosT, and CATHERINE M. VIEHMANN
---------(Contents]---------
Page Page
Introduction_________________________________ 1 Dairy and poultry statistics__________________ 336
Statistics o! grains____________________________ 9 Statistics of foreign trade in agricultural
Statistics of cotton, sugar, and tobacco________ 94 products--------------------------------·-·· 382
Statistics of fruits and vegetables_____________ 147 Farm business and related statistics__________ 426
Statistics of miscellaneous crops. _____ -------- 248 Miscellaneous agricultural statistics-forestry,
Statistics of beef cattle, bogs, sheep, barGes, weather, roads, etc_________________________ 482
and mules ___________ .. _. ____ .--·_. ___ ....•. 282 Index _______________________________ . ___ ..•. __ 633
INTRODUCTION
This volume presents information formerly published (until 1935)
in the statistical section of the Yearbook of Agriculture. It brings
together what seem from experience to be the most important agri
cultural statistics of the United States and of the world so far as the
agriculture of this country is concerned. Those who need data for
years earlier than are here shown may refer to the Year· book of
Agriculture prior to 1936 and to Agricultural Statistics, 1936 and
1937. Current statistics comparable with those here presented can
be obtained from periodicals and mimeographed reports published by
the Department. When the word "Yearb ook" alone appears in this
volume, it refers to the Yearb ook of Agriculture, published by this
Department.
ACREAGE, YIELD, AND PRODUCTION ESTIMATES
The Bureau of Agricultural Economics, through its crop and live
stock reporting service, estimates acreage of crops, numbers of live
stock, and production, farm utilization, prices paid to farmers, farm
income from and farm value of crops, livestock, and livestock products.
Acreages for the census years (1909, 1919, 1924, 1929, and 1934) are
based largely on the census. Estimates of acreages in recent inter
censal years have been based on the year-to-year changes shown by
approximately 160,000 records which rural mail carriers secure each
year from individual farmers, supplemented in each State by such
other indications of acreage or production as are locally available,
including State enumerations, local surveys, frontage measurements,
carlot shipments, elevator and warehouse receipts, cotton ginnings,
tobacco sales, sugar-beet purchases, and acreages of special crops
contracted by processing companies.
Yields per acre are estimates based on reports of one or more farmers
in each agricultural township on the average yield per acre in their
localities. For all crops except cotton and a few minor crops, yields
from 1919 to 1937 have been adjusted to be comparable with the
census yields of 1919, 1924, 1929, and 1934. For cotton acreage,
1
2 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 19 3 8
yield and production have been revised in consideration of census
data and other statistical data developed from the agricultural adjust
ment programs. The production agrees with census ginning enumer
ations, with some adjustments between States where cotton grown in
one State was ginned in another. Linters are not included in cotton
figures, unless so stated in the respective tables.
In this volume, historical revisions prior to 1919 are shown for hay
and cranberries, by which the currently published estimates have
been made consistent with the decennial census figures, supplemented
by State enumerations. Revised data for shorter periods are shown
for the fruit crops, sorgo sirup, sugarcane sirup, soybeans, cowpeas,
peanuts, velvetbeans, and certain hay-seed crops.
Estimates of farm stocks, farm sales, utilization, crop condition,
and miscellaneous information concerning crops are based either upon
sample data or upon estimates of crop reporters for their localities,
supplemented by such check data as are available.
COMMERCIAL CROPS
The term "commercial" is used in connection with certain crop
estimates to distinguish some part of the total production of a crop.
Estimates of commercial truck-croJ? production are concerned only
with those areas growing crops primarily to supply the large con
suming markets more or less distant from the producing center.
Production in home and market gardens, intended primarily for local
sale, is excluded. Similarly with truck crops grown for commercial
canning or manufacture, the estimates include only quantities grown
for use by canning or packing establishments and exclude quantities
canned in the home. For the commercial acreages in the areas con
cerned, the truck-crop estimates are intended to include the total
production suitable for food marketing purposes (unless destroyed
by natural cause before harvest), whether or not the entire crop finds
a market or use. It is, therefore, customary practice to retain in these
production estimates those quantities of produce which ordinarily
would be marketable, but which are left unharvested because of
adverse marketing conditions. The canning-crop estimates represent
the total quantity of raw product used b;v packers or canners for manu
facturing purposes, including cold-packmg.
PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS
Monthl;v prices received by farmers are based on reports from
special pnce reporters, who are mostly country buyers of or dealers
in agricultural products. These are prices paid to farmers for all
grades and qualities of a specific commodity. Most of these prices
relate to the 15th of the month, and for current information and the
preparation of index numbers the State averages are weighted by
State production to secure a United States weighted average for the
date. The seasonal . (weighted) prices represent the State prices
weighted by estimated sales durmg the marketing season. Farm
values are computed mostly by applying the seasonal State price to
the State production.
For commercial truck crops and canning crops, and for certain fruit
crops, the prices shown are the estimated season averages of the prices
received by farmers at the shipping point, including the cost of the
container where this is a customary requirement of delivery. The
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS 3
December 1 price has been employed in computing farm values only
in the case of certain miscellaneous crops of minor importance, where
neither weighted averages of monthly prices nor estimates of average
prices for the entire marketing season are available. These prices
as of December 1 are obtained from an inquiry sent to farmers, on
the regular December crop schedule, and are weighted by crop
reporting districts in each State.
The index numbers of prices received by farmers (farm prices) are,
for the most part, based on mid-month prices of fixed quantities of
farm products and are expressed as a percentage of the August 1909-
July 1914 average. The ratio of these index numbers of prices re
ceived to the companion index numbers of prices paid by farmers
indicates the changes in the exchange value, or purchasing power,
per unit of farm products.
LIVESTOCK ON FARMS
Numbers of livestock on farms on January 1, 1920, 1925, and 1935,
are based on the census enumerations as of those dates, supplemented
by enumerations by State agencies, such as assessors' and brand
inspection boards, and by records of shipments. Numbers on Janu
ary 1, 1930, give weight insofar as feasible to the numbers reported
by the census of 1930 which was as of April 1, with allowance for
indicated changes between January 1 and April 1. In the intercensal
years the numbers of livestock are estimated h:V methods similar to
those used for crop acreages. In this volume are shown historical
revisions of estimates of numbers of livestock, by which the estimates
for years prior to 1920 are made comparable with those since that year.
The average value per head on January 1 is estimated from reports
of correspondents relating to livestock in their vicinity. These tend
to reflect inventory values as distinguished from the monthlyprices
which relate to sales. The farm value on January 1 is computed by
applying the average value per head to the number on farms. Esti
mates of production and farm utilization of livestock products are
based upon sample data supplemented by check data of shipments,
receipts, manufactures, and other similar data.
MARKET SUPPLIES AND PRICES
The market news service of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics
supplies much of the information on market :prices and movements.
The leased-wire telegraph system in use by this service extends from
the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and reaches most of the important
markets. At each of the branch offices commodity s:pecialists gather
information regarding supply, market demand, and pnces of the prod
ucts on which they report. They observe sales actually made on the
markets and are constantly in touch with the traders, who in many
instances give them access to office records in order that specific
information may be had, on which to base their reports.
Carlot shipments and market receipts of crops and livestock products
are reported by officials and agents of railroads, express companies,
and boat lines, or are compiled from trade publications. Shipments to
market by motortruck have continued important, and at a few of the
markets receipts by truck are reported by dealers and distributors.
Data on receipts, slaughter, and shipments of livestock are obtained
from monthly reports submitted by the public stockyards. Data on
4
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 19 3 8
cold-storage stocks are obtained directly from all important cold
storage warehouses, and data on commercial stocks of grain are re
ported by boards of trade, etc. Leaf-tobacco stocks are reported
directly by dealers and manufacturers. Reports on the grade and
staple of cotton ginned in the principal cotton-producing States are
based on samples currently obtained from a substantial number of
representative gins, a sample from every bale. Annually the grade
and staple of the cotton on hand August 1 is reported.
Where a weighting factor is available, market prices as shown are
weight.ed averages. But in many cases a weighting factor is not
available, and the prices shown are usually the means of ranges of
quotations without reference to quantity.
Prices derived from different sources may not be strictly com
parable although for most purposes they are satisfactory. Data
covering commercial stocks and movements of various commodities
are as nearly complete as practicable and are considered fairly repre
sentative.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
The tables of international trade cover substantially the inter
national trade of the world in agricultural products. The total im
ports and total exports in any one year cannot be expected to balance,
although disagreements tend to be compensated over a series of
years. Among the sources of disagreement are: The different periods
covered by the year of various countries; imports received in the
year subsequent to the year of export; lack of uniformity in classifi
cation of goods as among countries; different trade practices and vary
ing degrees of failure in recording countries of origin and ultimate
destinations; different practices in recording reexported goods, and
different methods of treating free ports. In the international trade
tables the exports given are domestic exports and, therefore, include
exports of commodities which are the growth, produce, or manu
facture of the specified country, as well as exports of commodities of
foreign origin which have been changed from the form in which they
were imported or enhanced in value by further manufacture after
importation. In the case of foreign countries the imports given are
"special" or net imports, rather than general imports, whenever it
is possible to distin~uish such imports from general imports. General
imports are all the rmports reported, whereas "special" or net imports
are general imports less reexports of merchandise previously imported
and not changed from the condition in which imported. "Special"
or net imports are used in the international trade tables for the
following countries: Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, Irish Free State,
China, Netherland India, France, and the United Kingdom.
In both the United States trade tables and the international trade
tables, the United States trade figures are domestic exports as defined
above and, until January 1934, general imports, unless otherwise
specified. Beginning with January 1934 imports for consumption are
given. General imports include all commodities entered for immediate
consumption plus those ·entered for storage in bonded customs ware
houses. Imports for consumption include all commodities entered
for immediate consumption upon arrival, plus withdrawals for con
sumption from bonded customs warehouses. For any given period
general imports will differ from imports for consumption to the extent
that entries for bonded customs warehouses during the period differ
5
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS
from withdrawals from such warehouses for consumption. This
difference will be equal to the increase or decrease of stocks at the end,
compared with stocks at the beginning, of the period in bonded cus
toms warehouses, plus exports of foreign merchandise (reexports) from
bonded customs warehouses during the period. While there are some
inevitable omissions, there may be some duplications because of reship
ments which do not appear as such in the official reports. Export and
import statistics of the United States include trade with the Philippine
Islands, which are treated as a foreign country. They also include
any trade between foreign countries and Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto
Rico, but do not include shipments between continental United States
and these possessions. Prior to January 1, 1935, the Virgin Islands
of the United States were considered a foreign country (the same as
the Philippine Islands), but since that date the Virgin Islands are
treated in the same manner as Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
OTHER STATISTICS
Statistics of acreage and production in foreign countries are compiled
as far as possible from official sources and are, therefore, subject to
whatever errors may result from shortcomings in the reporting and
statistical services of the various countries. Inaccuracies also result
from differences in nomenclature and classification in foreign countries.
Except where otherwise stated, pre-war data refer to pre-war bound
aries. Yields per acre are calculated from acreage and production,
both rounded to thousand units, and are therefore subject to a greater
possibility of error when calculated for countries with small acreage.
Agricultural Adjustment Administration work began about the
middle of 1933. This publication contains two summary tables, indi
cating in a general way some of the results of that work. Work of
the Soil Conservation Service began in the early part of 1936, and this
publication includes seven summary tables relating to that subject.
These nine tables comprise several pages in the section on Farm
Business and Related Statistics.
Prices are stated in terms of United States currency, unless other
wise specified. For the convenience of those wishing to convert
currency prices to gold prices, a table of the gold value of the dollar,
from April 1933 to March 1938, will be found as the last table.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
The following table of weights, measures, and conversion factors
covers the most important agricultural products, or the products for
which such information is most frequently asked in the Department of
Agriculture. It does not cover all farm products nor all containers
for any one product.
The figures were assembled from various sources within the Depart
ment and from State schedules of legal weights. For most products,
particularly fruits and vegetables, there is a considerable variation in
weight per unit of volume, due to differences in variety or size of the
commodity, condition and tightness of pack, degree to which the
conta~er is hea_Ped, etc. Effort was made to select the most repre
sentative and fauest average for each product. For such commodities
as develop considerable shrinkage, the point-of-origin weight or weight
at harvest was used.
6 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 19 3 8
The approximate or average weights, as given in this table, do not
(necessarily) have official standing as a basis for packing or as
grounds for settling disputes. Not all of them are recognized as legal
weights. The table was prepared chiefly for use of workers in the
Department of Agriculture, who have need of conversion factors in
statistical computations. The figures are subject to revision.
Weights, measures, and conversion factors used in the Department of Agriculture
(See explanatory text just preceding this table)
Approxi Approxi
Commodity Unit' mate net Commodity Unit 1 mate net
weight weight
Pou11ds Pounds
Alfalfa seed ___________ BusheL _______ _ GO Cowpeas. _ _____ ______ BusheL ________ _ 60
Apples, fresh _________ {Box~~~~~~::::::: 4448 C ran ber n·c s -----------{!B4a-brraerLre _l_ _b_o__x_"__- -_ 10250
BarreL _________ _ 140 Cream, 30-percent Gallon _________ _ 8.43
Apricots ____ ------____ BusheL .. ------ 48 but.terfat.
Western __________ Crate'---------- 22 Cucumbers___________ BusheL ___ ------ 48
Artichokes: Dewberries___________ 24-quart crate. __ 36
JGelroubsael. e_m_ - _-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ BBouxs h•-e-L-- _-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 5400 EEggggpsl,a anvt_e_r_a_g_e_ s_i_z_e_ _______ CBausseh, e30L d _o__z_e_n_ ___ _ 4353
Asparagus ________ _ Crate, 1 dozen 24 Figs, fresh ____________ Box, single lay- 6
2-pound er 16.
bunches. Flaxseed______________ BusheL ________ _ 56
Avocados: Flour, various ________ BarreL _________ _ 196
California ________ Box'------------ 13 Grain sorghums. _____ BusheL ________ _ 56 and 50
Florida ________________ do •-___ ----- 12-15 Grapefruit:
Bananas______________ Bun c b, 8-9 45-{)5 Florida___________ Box"----------- 80
bands. California. ___________ .do."-----___ _ 00
Barley------------____ BusheL. _______ _ 48 Grapes._-------------!BusheL ________ _ 48
Beans: Eastern ___ ------- 12-quart basket._ 18
Lima, dry _____________ do __________ _ 56 Lug box"------- 28
Other• dry --------{S--a.c.k d _o_ ___________________ __ 10600 4K-ebga s(k2e,6t4 c2r cauteb i20c _ 213220
Lima, unshelled.. BusheL ________ _ 32 Western__________ inches).
Snap_-----___________ .do __________ _ 30 Box, sawdust 34
Beets: pack"·
BWuinthcohuedt _to__p_s_ _________ __W__e_s dteor _n__ c__r_a_t_e_'_- _- 55-6502 HHeicmkposreyed n__u_ts_ _____________ ____ __B__u_s hdeoL __ ________________ __ 5404
Berries; frozen pack: Honey________________ Gallon __ -------- 12
3W ++it h1o puatc sku _g_a__r__ ______ __5_0_-_g dalolo __n_ _b_b_L__ ____ __ 342850 HHoorpsse _r_a_d_i_s_h_ _r_o_o_ts___________ BBaulseh, egLro _s_s_ __________ __ 23005
2 1 pack _____________ do __________ _ 450 Hungarian millet seed _____ do __________ _ 48 and 50
BBllaucekgbrearsrise sse_e_d________________ 2B4u-sqhueaLrt _ c__r_a_t_e_. __ __ 14-3360 KKaafleir __ _______________ -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-___________ ddoo ____________________ __ 56 and 5180
Broomcorn (6 bales Bale ___________ _ 333 Kapok seed ________________ do __________ _ 85-40
per ton). Lard__________________ Tierce. .••. _____ _ 375
Broomcorn seed ______ BusheL ________ _ 44--50 Lemons, California ___ Box"----------- 76
Buckwheat_ _______________ do __________ _ 48-52 Lentils_-------------- BusheL _______ _ 60
Butter--------________ Tub ____________ _ 63 Lettuce_______________ Western crate'-- 75
1Yz-busbel bam- 50 Limes ________________ Box"----------- 80
Cabbage______________ { per. Linseed oiL __________ Gallon _________ _ 0 7. 5
Western era te ' __ 85 Malt__________________ BusheL ________ _ 34
Cantaloups ___________ Standard 45 60 Maple sirup__________ Gallon __ -------- 11
crate '· Meadow fescue seed .. BusheL ________ _ 24
Carrots: Milk (specific gravity Gallon _________ _ 8. 6
Without tops_____ BusheL _______ _ 50 1.032).
Bunched _________ Western crate'-- 55-{)5 Millet________________ BusheL _______ _ 48-50
Castor beans _________ BusheL ________ _ 46 Molasses.------------- Gallon._-----__ _ 11.75
CCaaustloifrl oowiLe_r__ ___________________ 1GYazl-lbounsh.-e-l -c-r-a--te--. '389 MOautsst _a_r_d__ s__e_e_d__._.._._._._.._._ __B__u s.dhoeL __ ______ _-_-_-_-_- -_ 58-6302
Celery ________________ %crate"------- 90 Olives ________________ Lug box"------- 25-30
Cherries: Olive oiL____________ Gallon ___ ------- '7. 5
With stems_______ BusheL. ______ _ 56 Sack. __________ _ 100
ClovWeri tsheoedu _t _s_t_e_m__s_ •_•__. {BF--iu-as-tdh boeoL .x. _. _, ,_--_--_-_--_--_-- - _ 661405 onions, dry__________ {nBiuissh~~eil,; eiiai.riley:= __=_: _: 555070
Corn: Onions, green, Crate7 _________ _ 50-55
Ear, husked ___________ do __________ _ "70 bunched.
Shelled .. ______________ do •...•.. ___ _ 66 Onion sets.___________ BusheL .••••••.. 28--32
Green, sweet. ____ •.•.. do __________ _ 35 Oranges:
MeaL._---------- _____ do. •.•••.. __ • 60 Florida ___________ Box"----------- 90
SOiirl u__p - _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-___G__a .ldloon __.-__-_-_- -----___ __ 1171..66 OrchCaarldif ogrrnasias _s_e_e_d__ _______ BBuosxh"e-L-- _-_-_-_-__-_-_- -_ 7140
Cotton_-------------- {~~J:: ~~~~~:::::: 11450708 PPaarlsmnip os_i_L_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_~_-_-_- BGaulslohne _L__ __________ _, __ __ 17m.6
CCoottttoonnsseeeedd .o. J--L- _-_-_-_-_-_- BGualslhoenL _ ________________ __ I1 17.3 25 Peaches, fresh.------- {L"ugd~ox·,-.:=====: 2480
See footnotes at end of table.
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS 7
Weights, measure8, and conversion factors used in the Department of Agriculture
Continued
(See explanatory text Just preceding this table)
Commodity Unitt mApaptero nxei t Commodity Unitt Ampaptero nxei t
weight weight
Pounds Pound$
PPeeaannuutts o, uiln.s.h.e..ll.e.d..:. .. Gallon _________ _ • 7.5 SSooyybbeeaanns_ o_i_l_ ____________________ BGuasllhoenL __ _______________ __ 176.50
Virginia type_____ BusheL ________ _ 22 Spelt. _____________ . •. BusheL-------- 40
Runners, south- ..•••d o __________ _ 28 Spinach.------------- ...•. do __________ _ 18
eastern. Strawberrie.•---------- 24-qnart crate .•. 36
Pea:S~~~~~~~~======== :: :::~~::::::::::: 3500 SSuugdaarne agnraes ssi rsuepe_d_ _.._•_•_._. BGuaslhloenL. ___-_-_-_-_-_-_- _ 11.2450
Western __________ Box"----------- 46 Sunflower seed ••.••... BusheL ••..•.... 24 and 32
Pew: Sweetpotatoes________ BusheL ________ _ "5.5
PPeepr~ilGela~r e~se:en e=,d: ~ u_:_n=_s:_h:_:e_:l_:l_e:_d:_:._ _:_B:_:_u:_:s d~h~oe: _L:_:_-:_-:_-:_-:_-:_-:_-_:- :_- 37-46320500 TT'l'oiambnagMocetcarhoirnyy: e slsae,ne Fdd l_ _o__r__i__d__a____. _•_ HBJ.iou sgstshhreaeLapd _"__-__-__-__-___-__-_ -_ 60G-M44O05
PPilnuemapsp laens_d_ p__ru__n_e_s_._._.. {BCCurraasttheee'"-L---- _--_--_-_--_-_--_-- - _ 572600 BDFluaurrelk-ec yaui. r~•e- _dc_ u___r__e__d__ •__•____. . •.•.••••••••...d dd ooo_ ________________________________ lI,,OO90OOQQQ---111,,,122005000
Suitcase lug"-- 16 Virginia fire-cured •.•••. do ___________ 1.05o-1.350
PopcOonr ne:a r ____________ BusheL ________ _ Kentucky and ..•..d o ___________ 1,35Q-1,600
u 70 Tennessee fire-
Shelled ___________ •••.. do __________ _ 56 cured. {case ____________ _
Poppy seed ___________ {·::::~~::::::::::: 46 Cigar leaL _______ Bale ____________ _ 25Q-3r.5
QRPRRoauaesitpdnpaectbtoesoesepre_er s_isde __es ___e____d____ _____________________________ ___-____-____-____- •2BBB.•4uua.-sr.qshd rhuoeeae L.LrL.t __ _c ______r__a_______t_e_______ _.____• __.__ 50 an1d41- 663464865000 ·TT uormnBWa!ut~iont:ehc soh- eu--dt- t_-o_-p_-_s-_ -._.-_•-_•-_-• JtBLCBuurugsash thbeeoeL'-xL -_ I- __I-___ -____-____-____-___- -___ 156Q0-1-3855730245
RRRioucsteaiMR:nb io_al_luge_gde_h __s_ _ _-___-___-___-__-___-___-___-___-___-___-___- { BBBP..oaau•crr•srrk dheeoelle t ,__ _ L__g___r ____o____s____s____ ________________ _____ 51140060502 'WTVV\IYVuee aarhltptlvecenenehrnutt,t .b_ ti_6sn_e __0e-a___-'n_ _-_Fs__-__ _ --_(__--h___--___u-__-_-l _-.l-_ -e.-__-d.-__- -__)_--.._ ___BB_GG__u au_a._sl.lsl hdd lohoooene nL __ _L__. ___-____ __-_____-_____-_____-_____-_____-_____- -_____ 87..3266533000
56 60
SI<eysaem. -e- -s-e-e-d- -_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- ._._•_ ..••dd oo ____________________ __ 56 Various commodities. Short ton _______ _ 2, 000
46
Sorgo:
Seed ________________ ...d o __________ _
Sirup_ ____________ Gallon _________ _ 50
11.4
1 Standard bushel used In the United States contains 2,150.42 ~ubic inches; the gallon, 231 cubic Inches;
Lhe cmnberry barrel, 5,S26 cubic inchP.s, and the standard fruit and vegetable barrel, 7,056 cubir inrhes.
Such large-sized products as apples and potatoes frequently are sold on the hn~is of a heaped bushel, wbi<·h
would exceed somewhat the 2,150.42 cubic inches of a bushel bask0t level full.
• Approximate Inside dimensions, lOY, by 11 '-:l by 18 Inches.
• Approximate inside <'limensions, •l,\-2 r.y 16 by 16V. inches.
' Approximate inside dimension~. II~.{ by 11 by 20% Inches.
• Approximate in~lde dimensions, 3%; by 13)-i by 16~~ inches.
• Approximate inside dimensions, 4!Jio by 13)4 by 1678 inches.
' Approximnte inside dimensions, 13 by lR by 21% inches.
• Approximate inside dimensions, 12 by 12 by 22Vs inches.
• 'rhis is the weight commonly used in trade practice, the actual weight varying according to temperature
conditions.
to Approximate in•ide dimensions, 22 by 16 by 20%; Inch&.
n A pproximnte inside dimensions, 3~4 by 11)4 by 1478 Inches.
u The standard weight of 70 pounds is usually recognized ns being about 2 measured bushels or com,
husked, on the ear, becnu~e it requires 70 pounds to yield 1 bushel. or 56 pounds, of shelled corn.
u For statistical purpo~es the bale of cotton is 500 pounds gross or 478 pound~ net woight. Actual bale
weights vary from year to year, and the customary average weights of bales of foreign cotton differ from
that of the American square b~le.
" This Is the average weight of cottonseed, although the legal weight in some State.• varies from this figure
of 32 pounds.
u Approximate in~ide dimensions, 9~ by 10)4 by 15 inches.
" Approximate Inside dimensions, 1~ by 11 by 1678 inches.
n Approximate inside dimensions, 12 by 12 by 24 inches.
II Approxhnate inside dimensions, 11)4 by 11)4 by 24 Inches.
" Approximate Inside dimensions, 5'1:( by 13J..:l by 1078 inches.
" Approximate Inside dimensions, 4!4 by 16 by 1678 Inches.
" About 13 pounds o! sawdust are required to pack 32 pounds of grapes in a keg, thus making the total
weight about 45 pounds.
"Approximate inside dimensions, 7~ by 15 by 18~ Inches.
" Approximate inside dimensions, 10 by 13 by 25 lnche~.
11 Approximate inside dimensions, 8)4 by 1178 by 18 inche.•.
"Approximate inside dimensions, 12 by 10)4 by 33 inches.
'' Approximate inside dimensions, 3)4 by 11 by 18 Inches.
n This average of 55 pounds indicates the usual weight or swectpotatoes when har¥ested. Murh weight
Is lost in curing or drying, and the net weight when sold In terminal markets may be far below 55 pounds.
" Approximate inside dimensions, 6 by 12 by 24 inches.
{See conversion factors on next page.)
8 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 19 3 8
Weights, measures, and conversion factors used in the Depa1·tment of Agriculture
Continued
OTHER CONVERSION FACTORS
Commodity Unit Approximate equivalent
Apples. __ ------------------- 1 pound dried .....•.•....••••• 7 pounds fresh.
DDoo..---------------------------------------- - ~ g~~r~t~~~~-s::=============== 53 pbooxuensd osr f r3e bshu.s hel baskets.
Apricots ............. -------- 1 pound dried .••....•......•.. 5~ pounds fresh.
Barley flour----------------- 1 barrel (196 pounds) •••..••... 9 bushels barley.
Beans, lima ________________ _ 1 pound shelled ..••..•..•..... 2 pounds unshelled.
Buckwheat flour __________ __ 1 barrel (196 pounds) ...•.•.... 7 bushels buckwheat.
Cane siruP------------------ 1 gallon .. --------------------- 5 pounds sugar.
Cherries. .................... 1 pound dried •••.••••....•••.. 4 pounds fresh in California; 5 pounds fresh
elsewhere.
Corn, shelled---------------- 1 bushel (56 pounds) ......... . 2 bushels (70 pounds) of husked ear corn.
Cornmeal:
Degermed............... 1 barrel (196 pounds) ........ .. 6 bushels corn.
cot~~~~-e-~~r-~-~~=========== ·i-iio:i<i-giniied:::::::::::::::: 24. 8b6u sphoeulsn dcso runn. gtnned.
Dairy products:
Butter------------------ 1 pound ______________________ _ 21 pounds milk.
Cheese ..• ___________ ----____ .do. ... --------------------- 10 pounds milk.
Condlensed milk, whole. ......d o ________________________ _ 2.2 pounds milk.
Evaporated milk, whole ......d o ________________________ _ Do.
Ice dream"-------------- 1 gallon ______________________ _ 15 ,Pounds m,ilk.
Lee cream" (eliminating .....d o .....- ------------------- 12 pounds milk.
fat from butter and
ooncentrated milk).
Malted milk............. 1 pound ..................... .. 2.6 pounds milk.
Powdered milk. ________ . ----.dO------------------------- 8 pounds milk.
Powdered cream ...... __ • ... .d o _______________________ __ 19 pound milk.
Dates. __ -------------------- 1 pound dried ...... ----------- H~ pounds fresh.
Eggs .... -------------------- 1 case (45 pounds) ___________ __ 35.3 pounds frozen or liquid eggs.
Figs .. ----------------------- 1 pound dried ________________ _ 3 pounds fresh in California; 4 pounds fresh
elsewhere.
Grapelru,it, Florida. .....••.. 1 case canned _________________ _ Slightly Jess than 1 box fresh fruit.
Flaxseed ...- ---------------- 11 gbaulslohne _L__ ._._._._._._._._._._._ -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ Yields about 2Y, gallons oil.
Linseed oiL.---------------- From 0.4 bushel flaxseed.
Malt.----------------------- 1.1 bushels-------------------- 1 bushel barley.
Maple sirup. .••••••.•....••• 1 gallon ...................... . 8 pounds sugar.
Nuts:
Almonds ...•.........•.. 1 pound shelled ....••...••.... 3~ pounds unshelled.
BraziL •....•.........•....... do ..........•..••••......•. 2 pounds unshelled.
Cashews ...•••..•••...•....... do. ... --------------------- 4.55 pounds unshelled.
Chestnuts. ...................d o ......................... ·1.19 pounds unshelled.
Filberts-----------------••••. do ..... ---------------~---- 2.22 pounds unshelled.
Pecans:
Seedling_ ____________ ••... do ..... -------------------- 2.63 pounds unshelled.
Improved. _- --------.. __ .do. ...... ------------------ 2.38 pounds unshelled.
1.30 pounds unshelled.
~l;fa~~~gs=============== =====~~========================= 2 pounds unshelled.
Walnuts:
Black .... -----------____ .do. .......... ------------.. 8~~ pounds unshelle(j..
Persian (English) .........d o ....- -------------------- 2.38 pounds unshelled.
OatmeaL................... 1 barrel (196 pounds) .......... 10% bushels oats.
Peaches, California.......... 1 pound d_ried ............... .. 5Y, pounds fresh.
Peanuts .. ------------------- 1 pound shelled _____________ __ H~ pounds unshelled.
Pears ...... ------------------ 1 pound dried ________________ _ 5J.§ pounds fresh.
Peas, green.................. 1 pound shelled .............. . 2.5 pounds unshelled.
Prunes---------------------- 1 pound dried ................ . 2J.§ pounds fresh in California; 3 to 4 pounds
fresh elsewhere.
Raisins ...... _. . ------------- 1 pound ... -------------------- 4 pounds fresh grapes.
Rice ... ---------------------- 1 pound milled ............... . 1.62 pounds rough or unhulled rice.
Rye flour ____________________ 1 barrel (196 pounds) _________ _ 6 bushels rye.
Su~:ar ....· -------------·------ 1 ton raw. .....- --------------- Hawaii, 0.9617 ton refined; Puerto Rico
and Philippines, 0.946 ton refined; Cuba,
0.9418 ton refined, beginning with the
1931-32 season; Louisiana (96° raw),
0.9346 ton refined, beginning 1919; Florida
(96° raw), 0.9346 ton refined, beginning
1928.
Tobacco.-------------------- 1 pound stemmed ____________ _ Various weights of unstemmed, according
to the type of tobacco. (See Circular
435, U.S. Dept. of Agr,)
Wheat flour----------------- 1 barrel (196 pounds) _________ _ 4.7 bushels wheat.ao
WooL ..- -------------------- 1 pound scoured ______________ _ 2 pounds grease.
DO---------------------- 1 pound pulled ______________ __ H~ pounds grease.
" The milk equivalent of ice cream per gallon is 15 pounds. Reports from plants indicate about 81 percent
of tbe butterfat in ice cream is from milk and eream, the remainder being from butter and concentrated
milk. Thus the milk equivalent of the milk and cream in ice cream is about 12 pounds. _
so This figure (4.7) has been used for conversions relating to the period 1921-37. Because or changes in
milling processes, the following factors have been used for earlier periods: 1790-1879, 5 bushels; 188Q-1908,
4.'15 bushels; 1909-17, 4.7 bushels; 1918 and 1919, 4.5 bushels; 1920, 4.6 bushels.