Agricultural statistics 1937

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UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
AGRICULTURAL
STATISTICS
1937
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASIDNGTON : 1937
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. ~ Price SOc. Paper Covers

Agricultural Statistics
Prepared under the direction of the Yearb ook Statistical
· ·Committee: JosEPH A. BEcKER, Chairman; PAUL FROEH
LICH, Secretary; RoY F. HENDRICKSON, S. W. MENDUM,
S. R. NEWELL, R. E. PosT, and G. W. SPRAGUE.
--------{Contents}--------
Page Page
Introduction ______ ------_____________________ 1 Dairy and poultry statistics__________________ 293
Statistics of grains---------------------------- 9 Statistics of foreign trade in agricultural
Statistics of cotton, sugar, and tobacco________ 88 products _____ ----------______ -------------- 336
Statistics of fruits and vegetables_____________ 132 Farm business and related statistics__________ 378
Statistics of miscellaneous crops______________ 214 Miscellaneous agricultural statistics-forestry,
Statistics of beef cattle, hogs, sheep, horses, weather, roads, etc_________________________ 424
and mules---------------------------------- 244 Index -------------------------------------- 477
INTRODUCTION
This volume presents information formerly published (until 1935)
in the statistical section of the Yearbook of Agriculture. It brings
together what seem from experience to be the most important agri
cultural statistics of the United States and of the world so far as the
agriculture of this country is concerned. Those who need data for
years earlier than are here shown may refer to the Yearb ook of
Agriculture prior to 1936 and to Agricultural Statistics, 1936. Cur
rent statistics comparable with those here presented can be obtained
from periodicals published by the Department. When the word
"Yearbook" alone appears in this volume, it refers to the Yearbook
of Agriculture, published by this Department.
ACREAGE, YIELD, AND PRODUCTION ESTIMATE."!
The Bureau of Agricultural Economics, through its crop and live
stock reporting service, estimates acreage of crops, numbers of live
stock, and production, farm utilization, prices paid to farmers, farm
income from and farm value of crops, livestock, and livestock
products.
Acreages for the census years (1909, 1919, 1924, 1929 and 1934) are
based largely on the census. Estimates of acreages in recent inter
censal years have been based on the year-to-year changes shown by
approximately 160,000 records which rural mail carriers secure each
year from individual farmers, supplemented in each State by such
other indications of acreage or production as are locally available,
including State enumerations, local surveys, frontage measurements,
carlot shipments, elevator and warehouse receipts, cotton ginnings,
tobacco sales, sugar-beet purchases, and acreages of special crops
contracted by processing companies.
Yields per acre are estimates based on reports of one or more farmers
in each agricultural township on the average yield per acre in their
localities. For all crops except cotton and a few minor crops, yields
from 1919 to 1936 have been adjusted to be comparable with the
1
2 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1937
census yields of 1919, 1924, 1929, and 1934. For cotton acreage,
yield, and production have been revised in consideration of census
data and other statistical data developed from the agricultural adjust
ment programs. The production agrees with census ginning enumer
ations, with some adjustments between States where cotton grown in
one State was ginned in another. Linters are not included in cotton
figures, unless so stated in the respective tables.
ln this volume, historical revisions prior to 1919 are shown for rice,
wheat, rye, corn, oats, barley, buckwheat, flaxseed, cotton, tobacco,
potatoes, and sweetpotatoes, by which the currently published esti
mates have been made consistent with the decennial census figures,
supplemented by State enumerations. For other important crops,
revised data will be published in future issues.
Estimates of farm stocks, farm sales, utilization, crop condition,
and miscellaneous information concerning crops are based either upon
sample data or upon estimates of crop reporters for their localities.
COMMERCIAL CROPS
The term "commercial" is used in connection with certain crop
estimates to distinguish some part of the total production of a crop.
Except for indicating that the entire production is not represented in
the estimate, "commercial" does not have the same meaning in each
instance where used. The commercial apple-crop estimate, for ex
ample, represents that portion of the total apple crop which is sold
or available for sale for consumption as fresh fruit. That portion
of the crop which is used for cider, vinegar, canning, evaporating,
or other manufacture is not included in the commercial crop as defined
in this case.
Estimates of commercial truck-crop production are concerned only
with those areas growing crops primarily to supply the large con
suming markets more or less distant from the producing center.
Production in home and market gardens, intended primarily for local
sale, is excluded. Similarly with truck crops grown for commercial
canning or manufacture, the estimates include only quantities grown
for use by canning or packing establishments and exclude quantities
canned in the home. For the commercial acreages in the areas
concerned, the truck-crop estimates are intended to include the total
production suitable for food marketing purposes (unless destroyed
by natural cause before harvest), whether or not the entire crop
finds a market or use. It is, therefore, customary practice to retain
in these production estimates those quantities of produce which ordi
narily would be marketable, but which are left unharvested because
of adverse marketing conditions. The canning-crop estimates repre
sent the total quantity of raw product used by packers or canners for
manufacturing purposes, including cold-packing.
PRICES RECEIVED BY FARMERS
Monthly prices received by farmers are based on reports from
special price reporters, who are mostly country buyers of or dealers
in agricultural products. These are prices paid to farmers for all
grades and qualities of a specific commodity. Most of these prices
relate to the 15th of the month, and for current information and the
preparation of index numbers the State averages are weighted by
State production to secure a United States weighted average for the
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1937 3
date. The seasonal (weighted) prices represent the State prices
weighted by estimated sales during the marketing season. Farm
values are computed mostly by applying the seasonal State price to
the State production.
For commercial truck crops and canning crops, and for certain fruit
crops, the prices shown are the estimated season averages of the prices
received by farmers at the shipping point, including the cost of the
container where this is a customary requirement of delivery. The
December 1 price has been employed in computing farm values only
in the case of certain miscellaneous crops of minor importance, where
neither weighted averages of monthly prices nor estimates of average
prices for the entire marketing season are available. These prices
as of December 1 are obtained from an inquiry sent to farmers, on
the regular December crop-schedule, and are weighted by crop
reporting districts in each State.
The index numbers of prices received by farmers (farm prices) are,
for the most part, based on mid-month prices of fixed quantities of
farm products and are expressed as a percentage of the August 1909-
July 1914 average. The ratio of these index numbers of prices re
ceived to the companion index numbers of prices paid by farmers
indicates the changes in the exchange value, or purchasing power,
per unit of farm products.
LIVESTOCK ON FARMS
Numbers of livestock on farms on January 1, 1920, 1925, and 1935,
are based on the census enumerations as of those dates, supplemented
by enumerations by State agencies, such as assessors' and brand
inspection boards, and by records of shipments. Numbers on Janu
ary 1, 1930, give weight insofar as feasible to the numbers reported
by the census of 1930 which was as of April 1, with allowance for
indicated changes between January 1 and Aprill. In the intercensal
years the numbers of livestock are estimated by methods similar to
those used for crop acreages.
The average value per head on .January 1 is estimated from reports
of correspondents relating to livestock in their vicinity. These tend
to reflect inventory values as distinguished from the monthly prices
which relate to sales. The farm value on January 1 is computed by
applying the average value per head to the number on farms. Esti
mates of production and farm utilization of livestock products are
based upon sample data supplemented by check data of shipments,
receipts, manufactures, and other similar data.
MARKET SUPPLIES AND PRICES
The market news service of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics
supplies much of the information on market prices and movements.
The leased-wire telegraph system in use by this service extends from
the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean and reaches most of the important
markets. At each of the branch offices commodity specialists gather
information regarding supply, market demand, and prices of the prod
ucts on which they report. They observe sales aetually made on the
markets and are constantly in touch with the traders, who in many
instances give them access to their office records in order that they
may have specific information on which to base their reports.
Carlot shipments and market receipts of crops and livestock products
are reported by officials and agents of railroads, express companies,
4 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1937
and boat lines, or are compiled from trade publications. Shipments to
market by motortruck have continued important, and at a few of the
markets receipts by truck are reported by dealers and distributors.
Data on receipts, slaughter, and shipments of livestock are obtained
from m-onthly reports submitted by the public stockyards. Data on
cold-storage stocks are obtained directly from all important cold
storage warehouses, and data on commercial stocks of grain are re
ported by boards of trade, etc. Leaf-tobacco stocks are reported
directly by dealers and manufacturers. Reports on the grade and
staple of cotton ginned in the principal cotton-producing States are
based on samples currently obtained from a substantial number of
representative gins, a sample from every bale. Annually the grade
and staple of the cotton on hand August 1 is reported.
Where a weighting factor is available, market. prices as shown are
weighted averages. But in many cases a weighting factor is not
available, and the prices shown are usually the means of ranges of
quotations without reference to quantity.
Prices derived from different sources may not be strictly com
parable, although for most purposes they are satisfactory. Data. as
to commercial stocks and movements of various commodities are as
nearly complete as practicable and are considered fairly representative.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
The tables of international trade cover substantially the inter
national trade of the world in agricultural products. The total im
ports and total exports in any one year cannot be expected to balance,
although disagreements tend to be compensated over a series of
years. Among the sources of disagreement are: The different periods
covered by the year of various countries; imports received in the
year subsequent to the year of export; lack of uniformity in classifi
cation of goods as among countries; different trade practices and vary
ing degrees of failure in recording countries of origin and ultimate
destinations; different practices in recording reexported goods, and
different methods of treating free ports. In the international trade
tables the exports given are domestic exports and, therefore, include
exports of commodities which are the growth, produce, or manu
facture of the specified country, as well as exports of commodities of
foreign origin which have been changed from the form in which they
were imported or enhanced in value by further manufacture after
importation. In the case of foreign countries the imports given are
"special" or net imports, rather than general imports, whenever it
is possible to distinguish such imports from general imports. General
imports are all the imports reported, whereas "special" or net imports
are general imports less reexports of merchandise previously imported
and not changed from the condition in which imported. "Special"
or net imports are used in the international trade tables for the
following countries: Belgium, Denmark, Egypt, Irish Free State,
China, Netherland India, France, and the United Kingdom.
In both the United States trade tables and the international trade
tables, the United States trade figures are domestic exports as defined
above and, until January 1934, general imports, unless otherwise
specified. Beginning with January 1934 imports for consumption are
given. General imports include all commodities entered for immediate
consumption plus those entered for storage in bonded customs ware
houses. Imports for consumption include all commodities entered
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1937 5
for i'mmediate consumption upon arrival, plus withdrawals for con
sumption from bonded customs warehouses. For any given period
general imports will differ from imports for consumption to the extent
that entries for bonded customs warehouses during the period differ
from withdrawals from such warehouses for consumption. This
difference will be equal to the increa.se or decrease of stocks at the end,
compared with stocks at the beginning of the period, in bonded cus
toms warehouses, plus exports of foreign merchandise (reexports) from
bonded customs warehouses during the period. While there are some
inevitable omissions, there may be some duplications because of reship
ments which do not appear as such in the official reports. Export and
import statistics of the United States include trade with the Philippine
Islands, which are treated as a foreign country. They also include
any trade between foreign countries and Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto
Rico, but do not include shipments between continental United States
and these possessions. Prior to January 1, 1935, the Virgin Islands
of the United States were considered a foreign country (the same as
the Philippine Islands), but since that date the Virgin Islands are
treated in the same manner as Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico.
OTHER STATISTICS
Statistics of acreage and production in foreign countries are compiled
as far as possible from official sources and are, therefore, subject to
whatever errors may result from shortcomings in the reporting and
statistical services of the va.rious countries. Inaccuracies also result
from differences in nomenclature and classification in foreign countries.
Except where otherwise stated, pre-war data refer to pre-war bound
aries. Yields per acre are calculated from acreage and production,
both rounded to thousand units, and are therefore subject to a greater
possibility of error when calculated for countries with small acreage.
Agricultural Adjustment Administration work began about the
middle of 1933. This publication contains two summary tables, indi
cating in a general way some of the results of that work. Work of
the Soil Conservation Service began in the early part of 1936, and this
publication includes three summary tables relating to that subject.
These five tables comprise the last pages in the section on Farm
Business and Related Statistics.
Prices are stated in terms of United States currency, unless other
wise specified. For the convenience of those wishing to con>ert
currency prices to gold prices a table of the gold value of the dollar,
weekly from April1933 to March 1937, will be found as the last table.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
The following table of weights, measures, and conversion factors
covers the most important agricultural products, or the products for
which such information is most frequently asked in the Department of
Agriculture. It does not claim to cover all farm products nor all
containers for any one product.
The figures were assembled from various sources within the Depart
ment and from State schedules of legal weights. Effort was made
to select the most representative and fairest average for each product,
particularly for fresh fruits and vegetables which show a wide variation
in weight, due to differences in variety or size of the commodity and to
condition and tightness of pack, etc. For such commodities as
6 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1937
develop considerable shrinkage, the point-of-origin weight or harvest-
ing weight was used. .
The approximate or average weights, as given in this table, do not
(necessarily) have official standing as a basis for packing or as
grounds for settling disputes. Not all of them are recognized as legal
weights. The table was prepared chiefly for use of workers in the
Department of Agriculture, who have need of conversion factors in
statistical computations. The figures are subject to revision.
Weights, measures, and conversion factors used in the Department of Agriculture
(See explanatory text just preceding this table)
Approxi Approxi
Commodity Unit' mate net Commodity Unit' mate net
weight weight
Pounds Pounds
Alfalfa seed............ BusheL •..•.... 60 Eggplant. . ___________ _ BusheL------- 33
48 Eggs, average size ____ _ Case, 30 dozen ... 45
Apples, fresh .. ________ {iiox~~----~=:::==:= 44 Flaxseed _______ -------- BusheL ________ _ 56
BarreL. ....... . 140 Flour, various ________ _ BarreL ........ . 196
Apr\~!;ierii.::::::::::: ~~~~eek::::::::: 2482 GGrraapine fsrourigt:h ums ______ _ BusheL _______ _ 5Gand 50
Artichokes: Florida ____________ Box_____________ 80
Globe............. Box. ............ 40 California _________ •.. do_____________ 60
Jerusalem_________ BusheL .•....... 50 Grapes ________________ BusheL-------- 48
Asparagus............. Crate ...•....... 24 Western ___________ Lug box.________ 26
Barley_________________ BusheL .•...... 48 Keg {Grapes__________ 32
Beans: --------------- Sawdust ... ______ 13
Lima, dry ______________ do __________ _ 56 Eastern ___________ 12-quartbasket.. 18
Other, dry_ ________ {----do .........•. 60 Hemp seed____________ BusheL_________ 44
Sack. .......... . 100 Hickory nuts __________ ..... do___________ 50
Lima, unshelled... BusheL ..•...... 32 Honey _________________ Gallon__________ 12
Snap .. -----------...... do ...... ____ . 30 Hops __________________ Bale, gross._____ 200
Beets, table ..•..•.......... do ....•...... 52 Horseradish roots______ BusheL_________ 35
Berries: Hungarian millet seed ......d o ___________ 48 and 50
Frozen-pack: Kafir __________________ ..... do ___________ 56 and 50
2+ 1 pack...... 50-gallon barreL 450 Kale ___________________ .....d o___________ 18
Withoutsugar. ..... do .......... . 380 Kapok seed ____________ .....d o___________ 35-40
3+1 pack ........... do .. ________ _ 425 Lard __________________ Tierce___________ 375
Blackberries ___________ 24-quart crate __ _ 36 Lemons, California .... Box_____________ 76
Bluegrass seed _________ BusheL ________ _ 14-30 Lentils.--------------- BusheL......... 60
Broomcorn (6 bale.s per Bale.----------- 333 Lettuce, western .. ____ Crate .. --------- 75
ton) Linseed oiL ___________ GaiJ'on__________ 3 7. 5
Broomcorn seed.______ BusheL--------- 44-50 Malt_ _________________ BusheL--------- 34
Buckwheat. ______________ .. do __________ _ 48-52 Maple sirup ___________ Gallon.......... 11
Butter_________________ Tub ____________ _ 63 Meadow fescue seed ___ BusheL--------- 24
Cabbage_______________ U2-bushel ham- Milk (specific gravity
per 50 l. 032). Gallon.-···-···· 8.6
Cabbage, western ...... Lettuce crate ___ _ 80 Millet_________________ BusheL-------- 48-50
Cantaloups ____________ Standard 45 Molasses ........••.... Gallon _________ _ 11.75
crate 60 Mustard seed__________ BusheL-------- 58-60
Carrots________________ BusheL _______ _ 50 Oats ___________________ .....d o __________ . 32
Castor beans __________ ..... do __________ _ 46 Olive oiL_____________ Gallon _________ _ • 7. 6
CCaausltioflro woieLr_ _______________________ GCarlaltoen. ___-_-_-_-__-_-_-_- -_ 33 98 Onions, dry __ ---------{BSaucskh _e_l,_ _l_a_t_e_ _______ __ 10607
Celery_ ________________ ~3 crate ________ _ 90 do early. ... 60
Cherries: Onion sets. ____________ .•... do __________ _ 28-32
Unstemmed _______ BusheL. _______ _ 66 Oranges:
SWteemstemrned __ ___________________ -L--u--gd boo _x_ ________________ __ 1645 CFlaolirfiodran_ i_a_ __________________ ..B.o.x.d __o_._ ____ _.-_-__-_-_- -_ 9700
Clover seed ____________ BusheL ________ _ 60 Orchard grass seed.... BusheL-------- 14
Corn: Palm oiL_____________ Gallon .•...•.... '7. 5
Ear, husked ____________ do __________ _ '70 Parsnips _______________ BusheL ...••••.. 50
Shelled.---------· ______ do __________ _ 56 Peaches .... ------------ ____ .do .. _------_ 48
r~; MGreeaeLn, _ s_w__e_e_t_ ____________ _._._._._. ddoo ____________________ __ 5305 PeanWuet soteirLn _ _____________________ BGoalxl.o _n_ __________________ __ • 7.2 05
f 'OSiirLu_p_ __________________________ __G_a_l_l odno_ _ __________________ __ 31 71. .55 PeanVuirtgsi,n uian_s_h_e_l_l_e_d_: ___ BusheL--------- 22
Cotton ________________ {~~~:: re~~~."_::::: '457080 SRpuannnieshrs _ _____________________ ..........d d oo ____________________ __ 3280
Cottonseed ____________ BusheL ________ _ • 32 Pears ________ ----------..... do __________ _ 60
CCootwtopnesaese. d__ o_i_L_________________ BGaulslohne. L... _ ____________ __ 3 7.6 05 WestDeron_ ______________________ BCoraxt. e__'-_-__-_-_-_-_-_-_- -_ 4262
Cranberr1'es {BarreL. _______ _ 100 Peas:
------------ ~-barrel box. __ _ 50 Fresh, unshelled ___ BusheL________ 30
Cream, 30 percent Gallon _________ _ 8. 43 Dry--------------- ...•.d o ________ ... 60
butterfat. Peppers _______________ ..••.d o___________ 25
DCuecwumbbe~rrnse-s-. -.- ------------------:B24u-sqhuaerLt c _r_a_t_e_ ____ __ 4386 PPeinrielalap pseleesd _ •_•_._._._._•_•__.._•_ ...C•r.a.ted _o__._.._._._._.._._._. 37-4700
See footnotes on next page.
AGRICUL'£URAL STATISTICS, 1937 7
Weights, measures, and conversion factors used in the Department of
Agriculture-Continued
(See explanatory text just preceding this table)
Approxi Approxi
Commodity Unit• matenet Connodity Unit 1 mate net
weight weight
Pounds Pounds
Plums_________________ BusheL _______ _ 56 Sesame seed___________ BusheL_________ 46
Western___________ Box ____________ _ 20 Sorgo:
Northwestern suit Seed ___________________ .do___________ 50
case ____ .do_ _________ _ 16 Sirup ______________ Gallon__________ 11.4
Popcorn: Soybeans______________ BusheL_________ 60
On ear_____________ BusheL ________ _ • 70 Soybean oil ____________ Gallon__________ a 7. 5
PopSphye sleleedd _ _________________________________ ddoo ____________________ __ 4566 SSppeinlta_c _h_ ______________________________ __B_u__s hdeoL__________________ 4180
Potatoes {----do_ _________ _ 60 Strawberries ___________ 24-quart crate___ 36
--------------- BarreL _________ _ 165 Sudan grass seed ______ BusheL_________ 40
Prunes, fresh __________ BusheL ________ _ 56 Sugarcane sirup.------ Gallon__________ 11.25
Western ___________ Box ____________ _ 20 Sunflower seed ________ BusheL _________ 24 and 32
Northwestern suit· Sweetpotatoes. ____________ _do___________ 7 55
case _____ do___________ 16 Tangerines, Florida ___ ~-strap_________ 40
Quinces _______________ BusheL_________ 48 Timothy seed _________ BusheL_________ 45
Rapeseed ___________________ do_ __________ 50 and 60 T matoes {---.do___________ 53
Raspberries ___________ 24-quart crate... 36 o ------------- Lug box_________ 32
Redtop seed___________ BusheL________ 14-40 Turnips_______________ BusheL_________ 54
Rice: Turpentine____________ Gallon__________ 7. 23
Rough _______________ •.. do __________ _ 45 Velvetbeans (hulled) __ BusheL_________ 60
Do____________ BarreL ________ _ 162 Vetch ______________________ do___________ 60
Milled _____________ Pocket _________ _ 100 Walnuts ____________________ do___________ 50
Rosin _________________ Barrel, gross_ __ _ 500 Water, 60° F ---------- Gallon__________ 8. 33
Rutabagas_____________ BusheL ________ _ 56 Wheat _________________ BusheL________ 60
Rye---------__ --------____ .do_ _________ _ 56 Various commodities __ Short ton_______ 2, 000
• Standard bushel used in the United States contains 2,150.42 cubic inches; the gallon, 231 cubic inches.
' Crates 4)4 by 16 by 1678 inches.
• This is the weight connonly used in trade practice, the actual weight varying according to :temperature
conditions.
• The standard weight of 70 pounds is usually recognized as being about 2 measured bushels of corn,
husked, on the ear, because it requires 70 pounds to yield 1 bushel, or 56 pounds, of shelled corn.
' For statistical purposes the bale of cotton is 500 pounds gross or 478 pounds net weight. Actual bale
weights vary from year to year, and the customary average weights of bales of foreign growth difler from
that of the American square bale.
• Average weight of cottonseed, although the legal weight in some States varies from this figure of 32
pounds.
7 This average of 55 pounds indicates the usual weight of sweetpotatoes when hsrvested. Much weight
is lost in curing or drying, and the net weight when sold in terminal markets may be far below 55 pounds.
(See other conversion factors on next page.)
8 AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS, 1937
OTHER CONVERSION FACTORS
Commodity Unit Approximate equivalent
Apples ______________________ 1 pound dried ________________ _ 7 pounds fresh.
Do______________________ 1 pound chops ________________ _ 5 pounds fresh.
Do._____________________ 1 barreL _____________________ _ 3 boxes or 3 bushel baskets.
Apricots _____________________ 1 pound dried ________________ _ 5Yz pounds fresh.
Barley flour_---------------- 1 barrel (196 pounds) _________ _ 9 bushels barley.
Beans, lima _________________ 1 pound shelled ______________ _ 2 pounds unshelled.
Buckwheat flour ____________ 1 barrel (196 pounds) _________ _ 7 bushels buckwheat.
Cane sirup__________________ 1 gallon ______________________ _ 5 pounds sugar.
Cherries _____________________ 1 pound dried.---------------- 4 pounds fresh in CaiiCornla; 5 pounds
fresh elsewhere.
Corn, shelled ________________ 1 bushel (56 pounds) _________ _ 2 bushels (70 pounds) of husked ear corn.
Corn meal:
NDoegnedremgeedrm __e_d_._ ____________________ .1.. b..ad rroe _l_ _(1_9_6_ _p_o__u_n_d_s_)_ __________________ __ 46 bbuusshheellss ccoorrnn..
Cotton______________________ 1 pound ginned. _________ ----- 2.86 pounds unginned.
Dairy products:
BCuhetteesre-.- _-_-_-_--_____________________ _. .. _1__ p .o. duon _d_ ._._ ____________________________________ _•_• __ 2110 ppoouunnddss mmiillkk..
Condensed milk, whole ....... do ________________________ _ 2.2 pounds milk.
Evaporated milk, whole ......d o ________________________ _ Do.
Ice cream 8 ______________ 1 gallon ______________________ _ 15 pounds milk.
Ice cream 8 (eliminating _____ do ________________________ _ 12 pounds milk.
fat from butter and
concentrated milk).
Malted milk _____________ 1 pound ______________________ _ 2.6 pounds milk.
Powdered milk __________ .....d o ___________________ ------ 8 pounds milk.
Powdered cream _________ .....d o ________________________ _ 19 pounds milk.
Dates.---------------------- 1 pound dried ________________ _ 1.33 pounds fresh.
EFigggss _ ________________________________________________ 11 pcaosue n(d45 d prioe'udn _d_s_)_ ________________________ __ 335 p.3o upnodusn dfrse sfhro izne nC oalri floiqrnuiiad; e4g pgosu. nds fresh
elsewhere.
Grapefruit, Florida __________ 1 case canned _________________ _ Slightly less than 1 box fresh fruit.
Flaxseed_____________________ 1 busheL ____________ --------- Yields about 2Yz gallons oil.
Linseed oiL_________________ 1 gallon. _________ ------------- From 0.4 bushel flaxseed.
Malt._______________________ 1.1 bushels. __________________ _ l bushel barley.
Maple sirup_________________ 1 gallon. _____________________ _ 8 pounds sugar.
Nuts:
Almonds. _______ -------- 1 pound shelled. __ ------------ 3)1' pounds unshelled.
BCraaszhieLw _s_ ________________________________________ ._. dd oo __________________________ _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-______ __ 2 pounds unshelled.
4.55 pounds unshelled.
Chestnuts ____________ .-. --...d o ________________________ _ 1.19 pounds unshelled.
Filberts ______________ .-- ___ .. do ________ . _______________ _ 2.22 pounds unshelled.
Pecans:
SImeepdrloinvge _d_._ ____ _-_--_-_-_-_-_-___________ ddoo ________________________________________________ __ 2.63 pounds unshelled.
Pignolias. ______________ . ____ .do ________________________ _ 2.38 pounds unshelled.
Pistachios. __________________ .do ________________________ _ 1.30 pounds unshelled.
2 pounds unshelled.
Walnuts:
Black. __________________ .do ________________________ _
8)1' pounds unshelled.
Persian (English) ____ .....d o ________________________ _ 2.38 pounds unshelled.
OatmeaL ___________________ 1 barrel (196 pounds) _________ _ 10% bushels oats.
Peaches, California __________ 1 pound dried.---------------- 5Yz pounds fresh.
Peanuts _____________________ 1 pound shelled ______________ _ 1Yz pounds unshelled.
Pears ________________________ 1 pound dried ________________ _ 5Yz pounds fresh.
PPeruasn,e gsr _e_e_n_ ____________________________________ 11 ppoouunndd sdhreiellde _d_ ____________________________ __ 22Y.5z ppoouunnddss furnesshhe ilnle Cda. lifornia; 3 to 4 pounds
fresh elsewhere.
Raisins______________________ 1 pound ______________________ _ 4 pounds fresh grapes.
Rice _________________________ 1 pound milled. ______________ _ 1.62 pounds rough or unhulled rice.
SRuygea rf_lo _u_r_ ________________________________________ 11 tboanrr real w(1 _9_6_ _p_o_u__n_d_s_)_ __________________ __ 6 bushels rye.
Hawaii, 0.9617 ton refined; Puerto Rico
and Philippines, 0.946 ton refined; Cuba
and other sections, 0.9418 ton refined, be
Tobacco _____________________ 1 pound demmed ____________ _ 1.3g3i npnoiunngd ws iutnhs ttheem 1m93e1d-.3 2 season,
WWohoeDLao t_ __fl__o__u__r_____________________________________________________ 111 ppboaoruurnneldd (sp1cu9o6lul eprdeod _u_ _n__d__s__)__ ___________________________ ___ 42. 7p obuunsdhse lgsr weahseea. t.•
1)1' pounds grease.
8 The milk equivalent of ice cream per gallon is 15 pounds. Reports from plants indicate 81.24 percent of
the butterfat in ice cream is from milk and cream, the remainder being from butter and concentrated milk.
Thus the milk equivalent of the milk and cream in ice cream is about 12.
9 This figure (4.7) has been used for conversions relating to the period 1921-36. Because of changes In
milling processes, the following factors have been used for earlier periods: 1790-1879, 5 bushels; 1880-1908,
4.75 bushels; 1909-17, 4.7 bushels; 1918 and 1919, 4.5 bushels; 1920, 4.6 bushels.