Agricultural Microbiology Based Entrepreneurship: Making Money from Microbes PDF
Preview Agricultural Microbiology Based Entrepreneurship: Making Money from Microbes
Microorganisms for Sustainability 39 Series Editor: Naveen Kumar Arora Natarajan Amaresan Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai Olubukola Oluranti Babalola Editors Agricultural Microbiology Based Entrepreneurship Making Money from Microbes Microorganisms for Sustainability Volume 39 SeriesEditor Naveen Kumar Arora, Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Science,BabasahebBhimraoAmbedkarUniversity,Lucknow,UttarPradesh,India Microorganismsperformdiverserolesonourplanetmostofwhichareimportantto makeearthahabitableandsustainableecosystem.Manypropertiesofmicroorgan- ismsarebeingutilizedaslowinputbiotechnologytosolvevariousproblemsrelated to the environment, food security, nutrition, biodegradation, bioremediation, sus- tainableagriculture,bioenergyandbiofuel,bio-basedindustriesincludingmicrobial enzymes/extremozymes,probioticsetc.Thebookseriescoversallthewideraspects andunravelstheroleofmicrobestowardsachievingasustainableworld.Itfocuses onvariousmicrobialtechnologiesrelatedtosustenanceofecosystemsandachieving targetsofSustainableDevelopmentGoals.Seriesbringstogethercontentonmicrobe basedtechnologiesforreplacingharmfulchemicalsinagriculture,greenalternatives tofossilfuels,useofmicroorganismsforreclamationofwastelands/stressaffected regions, bioremediation of contaminated habitats, biodegradation purposes. Vol- umesintheseriesalsofocusontheuseofmicrobesforvariousindustrialpurposes including enzymes, extremophilic microbes and enzymes, effluent treatment, food products. Thebookseriesisapeerreviewedcompendiumfocusedonbringingupcontem- porary themes related to microbial technology from all parts of the world, at one place for itsreaders, thereby ascertainingthe crucial role ofmicrobes insustaining theecosystems. (cid:129) Natarajan Amaresan (cid:129) Dhanasekaran Dharumadurai Olubukola Oluranti Babalola Editors Agricultural Microbiology Based Entrepreneurship Making Money from Microbes Editors NatarajanAmaresan DhanasekaranDharumadurai C.G.BhaktaInstituteofBiotechnology DepartmentofMicrobiology UkaTarsadiaUniversity BharathidasanUniversity Surat,Gujarat,India Tiruchirappalli,TamilNadu,India OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola FacultyofNaturalandAgricultural Sciences North-WestUniversity Mmabatho,SouthAfrica ISSN2512-1901 ISSN2512-1898 (electronic) MicroorganismsforSustainability ISBN978-981-19-5746-8 ISBN978-981-19-5747-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5747-5 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Foreword Agricultural microbiology based on entrepreneurship is also referred to as science entrepreneurship or bioscience enterprise in agriculture, life science entrepreneur- ship,entrepreneurshipinmicrobiology,oragriculturemicrobiologyenterprise.Itis the entrepreneurship of microorganisms which acts as a bridge of innovation connecting academia and industry. It is the business of utilizing ideas and innova- tionsofmicroorganismsandproductsobtainedfrombacteria,fungi,actinomycetes, and protozoa to gain profit and serve the society. Therefore, bioentrepreneurship enclosesanunderstandingofanidea,inventssomething,andbringsaboutthesum of all activities to create an environment and infrastructure for well-trained pro- fessionals to build research-based projects and their commercialization. Bioentrepreneurship is manifested as the key driver of the new bioeconomy. For a person to be a bioentrepreneur, few skills are prerequisite like positive energy, leadership qualities, appropriate track record, technical knowledge of the field, articulating and managerial skills. Agricultural microbiology is a branch of sci- ence that studies different microorganisms that are associated with plants, soil fertility, and even animal diseases. The microorganisms associated with plants include organisms of different groups like bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and pro- tozoa. Agricultural microbiology has been extensively studied for the decade as it v vi Foreword helps to understand the importance of relevant microbial strains to agricultural applications to minimize agricultural loss and increase soil fertility and harvest. Thereisasymbioticrelationshipbetweenplantsandtheassociatedmicroorganisms where both benefit from each other. Besides, different topics within agricultural microbiologyhelpinthediagnosisandpreventionofplantdiseasesthatmightresult from plant pathogens. Agricultural microbiology helps in the understanding of the specificplantrequirementsthatincludesoiltexture,soilnutrients,watercontent,and associatedmicroorganisms.Basedonthestudiesmadeinagriculturalmicrobiology, differentmicroorganismscanbeusedfordifferentpurposes,allultimatelyleadingto minimizinglossofplantandplantproductsandincreasingfertilityandharvest.The dominant group of microorganisms found in the soil and plants is bacteria. These bacteriaare presentin a symbiotic relationship with theplants tohelp inprocesses likenitrogenfixationandmineralsupply.Bacteriaarefollowedbyactinobacteria,as the second most dominant group. Actinobacteria are also studied in agricultural microbiology as they produce different groups of antibiotics and also help in increasingthefertilityofthesoil. Agricultural microbiology based on entrepreneurship allows for the exploration of new and advanced techniques that can be used in agricultural practices to make the practices safer and reliable business model of biofertilizers, plant growth pro- moters,biopesticides,andbiocompostproduction.Thisbookcomprises20chapters fromcontributorsacrosstheworld.Thebookcontenthasdivisionsasentrepreneur- ship,businessplan,biofertilizer,andcompostproduction.Itoutlinestheconceptof entrepreneur and entrepreneurship, government schemes for entrepreneurship pro- grams, skills for entrepreneurs, ethical and legal issues in microbial products in India,andintellectualpropertyprinciplesinmicrobialtechnologies. The second part of the book summarizes mass multiplication, production cost analysis, and marketing of Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, cyanobacterial, VAM,andFrankiabiofertilizers.Italsodescribestheproductioncostanalysisand marketing of phosphate solubilizers and Bacillus thuringiensis, Trichoderma, Metarhizium, andBeauveriabioinsecticide.Aspecial chapteronvermicomposting isalsoincludedinthisbooktocreateacentreofattentionforreadersinmicrobiol- ogy,biotechnology,agriculture,andbusinessmanagement. IappreciateandcongratulatethebookeditorsDr.NatarajanAmaresan,Assistant Professor,C.G.BhaktaInstituteofBiotechnology,UkaTarsadiaUniversity,Surat, India,Dr.DharumaduraiDhanasekaran,AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofMicro- biology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India, and Prof. Olubukola OlurantiBabalola,FacultyofNatural&AgriculturalSciences,North-WestUniver- sity, South Africa, for bringing the book on Agricultural Microbiology-Based Entrepreneurship:MakingMoneyfromMicrobesasimmensevolumetotheentre- preneurtoopeninnovativeentrepreneurship. SchoolofLifeSciencesand FengliZhang Biotechnology,ShanghaiJiaoTong University,Shanghai,China Preface Entrepreneurship is currently a hot topic in policy circles all around the world. Poverty,incomeinequality,andunemploymentarerising,andstrongentrepreneur- ship, shown in part through the formation and expansion of small and medium businesses, is vital for economic development. Therefore, it is critical to turn researchfindingsintomoney-makinginitiativesthattheunemployedmayparticipate in.Thebookfocusesondevelopingentrepreneurialcapabilitiestocreateasourceof incomeusingmicrobiologicalproducts. Agricultural Microbiology-Based Entrepreneurship: Making Money from Microbes advocates a paradigm shift in research-related investigations toward microbialproduct technology transfer and commercialization.The bookhelps pro- spective entrepreneurs improve their knowledge and skills to commercialize items for broad usage. The book highlights the concept of entrepreneurship, skills for entrepreneurs and intellectual property principles, and ethical and legal issues frameworks of microbial products in the agricultural sector. Biofertilizers and composting are the major microbiological products required to increase crop yield and ensure sustainable food production. In-depth knowledge about different microbial-based fertilizers, multiplication, production costs and analysis, and mar- ketingarediscussedinthebook. This book is for everyone who has an inkling of wanting to make a fortune through microbiological research products. The book encourages academics, grad- uatestudents,andtheunemployedtodevelopentrepreneurialskillstocreateasource ofincome.Theycanprofitfromtheresearchpresentedinthisbook. Surat,Gujarat,India NatarajanAmaresan Tiruchirappalli,TamilNadu,India DhanasekaranDharumadurai Mmabatho,SouthAfrica OlubukolaOlurantiBabalola vii Contents PartI EntrepreneurshipandBusinessPlan 1 ConceptofEntrepreneurandEntrepreneurship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 SwapnilChaurasia 2 GovernmentSchemesforEntrepreneurshipPrograms. . . . . . . . . . 25 AmiNaikandPoojaPatel 3 SkillsforEntrepreneurs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 SwapnilChaurasia 4 IntellectualPropertyPrinciplesinMicrobialTechnologies. . . . . .. 63 R.Pathirajan,S.Gomathi,V.Ambikapathy,A.Panneerselvam, G.Gayathri,andA.Anbukumaran 5 EthicalandLegalIssuesinMicrobialProductsinIndia. . . . . . . . . 81 PoojaPatelandAmiNaik PartII BiofertilizerandCompostProduction 6 MassMultiplication,ProductionCostAnalysis,andMarketing ofCyanobacterialBiofertilizers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 V.T.Anju,SiddhardhaBusi,andMadhuDyavaiah 7 RhizobiumBiofertilizers:MassProductionProcessand Cost-BenefitRatioAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 KomalA.ChandaranaandNatarajanAmaresan 8 MassMultiplication,ProductionCostAnalysis,andMarketing ofVAMFungalBiofertilizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 KomalA.Chandarana,HarshidaA.Gamit,SapnaChandwani, HetviY.Naik,andNatarajanAmaresan 9 MassMultiplicationandCostAnalysisofFrankiaBiofertilizer. . . . 155 ThirumagalThirugnanamandDhanasekaranDharumadurai ix x Contents 10 MassMultiplication,ProductionCostAnalysisandMarketing ofAzospirillum. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . 169 S.Gomathi,V.Ambikapathy,andA.Panneerselvam 11 MassMultiplication,ProductionCostAnalysis,andMarketing ofAzotobacter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 PritteshPatel,SajjanGrover,andPushpendraSinghChauhan 12 MassMultiplication,ProductionCostAnalysis,andMarketing ofPseudomonas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 KomalA.Chandarana,HarshidaA.Gamit,HetviY.Naik, SapnaChandwani,andNatarajanAmaresan 13 MassProduction,Formulation,andCost-BenefitRatioAnalysis ofBacillusthuringiensisBioinsecticide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 209 KomalA.Chandarana,HarshidaA.Gamit,HetviY.Naik, SapnaChandwani,andNatarajanAmaresan 14 MassMultiplication,ProductionCostAnalysis,andMarketing ofTrichoderma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 DhrutiAmin 15 MassMultiplication,ProductionCostAnalysis,andMarketing ofMetarhizium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 SapnaChandwani,HetviY.Naik,HarshidaA.Gamit, KomalA.Chandarana,andNatarajanAmaresan 16 MassMultiplication,ProductionCostAnalysis,andMarketing ofBeauveria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 SapnaChandwani,HetviY.Naik,HarshidaA.Gamit, KomalA.Chandarana,andNatarajanAmaresan 17 Chaetomiumsp.:AnInsightintoitsAntagonisticMechanisms, MassMultiplication,andProductionCostAnalysis. . . . . .. . . . . .. 267 ParthasarathySeethapathy,HarishSankarasubramanian, RajendranLingan,andRaguchanderThiruvengadam 18 Vermicomposting:ALeadingFeasibleEntrepreneurship. . . . . . . . 289 P.Kavitha 19 MassProductionandMarketingofMicrobialCompost. . . . . . . . . 307 SwatiPatelandUrjitaSheth 20 Cost-BenefitAssessmentofSolid-BasedBiofertilizerProduction. . . 329 R.KannanandT.SeenivasaMoorthy
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