Agricultural Biomass Based Potential Materials PDF
Preview Agricultural Biomass Based Potential Materials
Agricultural Biomass Based Potential Materials Khalid Rehman Hakeem • Mohammad Jawaid Othman Y. Alothman Editors Agricultural Biomass Based Potential Materials 1 3 Editors Khalid Rehman Hakeem Othman Y. Alothman Faculty of Forestry Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia College of Engineering Selangor King Saud University Malaysia Riyadh Saudi Arabia Mohammad Jawaid Biocomposite Technology Laboratory Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia Selangor Malaysia ISBN 978-3-319-13846-6 ISBN 978-3-319-13847-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-13847-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015934450 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Editors are honoured to dedicate this book to the Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), the premier institute of higher learning and research. Preface Agricultural biomass is abundant worldwide and it can be considered as alterna- tive source of renewable and sustainable materials which can be used as potential materials for different applications. Despite this enormous production of agricultur- al biomass, only a small fraction of the total biomass is utilized for different appli- cations. Industry must be prepared to take advantage of the situation and utilize the available biomass in the best possible manner. Agricultural biomass such as natural fibres has been successfully investigated as a great potential to be used as a renew- able and sustainable materials for the production of composite materials. Natural fibres offer excellent specific properties and have potential as outstanding reinforc- ing fillers in the matrix and can be used as an alternative material for biocompos- ites, hybrid composites and pulp and paper industries. Natural fibre based polymer composites made of jute, oil palm, flex, hemp, kenaf have a low market cost, are attractive with respect to global sustainability and find increasing commercial use in different applications. Agricultural biomass based composites find applications in a number of fields viz., automotive industry and construction industry such as for panels, frames, ceilings and partition boards, structural applications, aerospace, sports, recreation equipment, boats, office products, machinery, etc. Future research on agricultural biomass natural fibre-based composites is not only limited to its automotive applications but it also requires to explore its application in aircraft components, construction industry, rural housing and biomedical applications. In this book we will cover chemical, physical, mechanical, thermal, electrical, flame retardancy and biodegradability properties of agricultural biomass based composite materials and its different potential applications. We wish to express our gratitude to all the contributors from all over the world for readily accepting our invitations for not only shearing their knowledge but also for admirably integrating their proficiency on scattered information from diverse fields in composing the chapters and enduring editorial suggestions to finally produce this venture that will hope be a success. We greatly appreciate their c ommitment. We thank Springer team for their generous cooperation at every stage of the book production. Khalid Rehman Hakeem Mohammad Jawaid Othman Y. Alothman vii Foreword Agricultural biomass has stirred much interest worldwide due to its tremendous availability; however, only a small fraction of the total biomass is utilized for different applications. The publication of the chapters appearing in this book rep- resent a cooperative effort of various individuals from different background. The book reviews the multiple uses of agricultural biomass and reports on basic char- acteristics and performance in various potential applications such as construction materials, automotive parts, biomedical, bioresin and bioenergy. This book will be very helpful not only to scientists and engineers who are interested in converting natural fibres and other biomass into higher value-added products but hopefully also to a variety of people in other disciplines either in the academic world, in industry or in the area of policy. Director Prof. Dr. Paridah MD. Tahir Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 Serdang, Selangor MALAYSIA ix Contents Potential Utilization of Kenaf Biomass in Different Applications ................................................................................. 1 N. Saba, M. T. Paridah, M. Jawaid, K. Abdan and N. A. Ibrahim Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer for Structural Application ............................................................................... 35 Juliano Fiorelli, Nolan Rempe, Julio Cesar Molina and Antonio Alves Dias Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Potential, Applications, and Properties .................................................................................................. 51 Piyush P. Gohil, Vijay Chaudhary and A. A. Shaikh Effects of Nanotechnology on Fluid Flow in Agricultural and Wood-Based Composite Materials ............................... 73 Hamid Reza Taghiyari, Ali Karimi, Paridah MD Tahir and Adrian Cheng Yong Choo Composites from Bagasse Fibers, Its Characterization and Applications ........................................................... 91 Deepak Verma, P.C. Gope, Inderdeep Singh and Siddharth Jain Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Fiber Polymer Composites ..................... 121 Muhd Ridzuan Mansor, Mohd Sapuan Salit, Edi Syam Zainudin, Nuraini Abdul Aziz and Hambali Ariff Tensile, Oxygen Barrier and Biodegradation Properties of Rice Husk-Reinforced Polyethylene Blown Films ................................................. 143 Khaliq Majeed, Azman Hassan and Aznizam Abu Bakar Extraction of Lignin from Biomass for Biodiesel Production ...................... 155 A.H. Bhat, Y.K. Dasan and Imran Khan xi xii Contents Potential Agrowastes for Biofuels ................................................................... 181 Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti, Rayees Ahmed Shiekh, Nelli Giribabu, D. K. Venkata Ramana and Naguib Salleh Utilization of Oilseed Cakes for Human Nutrition and Health Benefits ....... 191 Sue-Siang Teh and Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit Bamboo Biomass: Various Studies and Potential Applications for Value-Added Products ............................................................................... 231 Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Shamsudin Ibrahim, Faridah Hanum Ibrahim and Huseyin Tombuloglu Mesoporous Silica Powder for Dental Restoration Composites from Rice Husk: A Green Sol–Gel Synthesis ................................................. 245 Rayees Ahmad Shiekh and Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti Rheological Properties and Processing of Polymer Blends with Micro- and Nanofibrillated Cellulose ............................................................. 259 Hesam Taheri and Pieter Samyn Optimization of Admixture and Three-Layer Particleboard Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Rubberwood Clones .......... 293 Syeed Osman Al-Edrus Saiful Azry, Paridah Md Tahir and Juliana Abdul Halip Characterization and Use of Coir, Almond, Apricot, Argan, Shells, and Wood as Reinforcement in the Polymeric Matrix in Order to Valorize These Products .............................................................. 305 Abouelkacem Qaiss, Rachid Bouhfid and Hamid Essabir Algae-Derived Biomass for Sustainable and Renewable Biofuel Production......................................................................................................... 341 Ibrahim Birma Bwatanglang, Mohammad Faruq, Arvind Kumar Gupta and Nor Azah Yusof Empty Fruit Bunches in the Race for Energy, Biochemical, and Material Industry ............................................................................................. 375 Chow May Jinn, H’ng Paik San, Chin Kit Ling, Chai Ee Wen, Paridah Md Tahir, Lee Seng Hua, Lum Wei Chen, Luqman Chuah and Mariusz Maminski Extraction of Lignin from Biomass for Biofuel Production ......................... 391 Sameen Ruqia Imadi and Alvina Gul Kazi Contents xiii Biomass Pellet Technology: A Green Approach for Sustainable Development ..................................................................................................... 403 Bisma Malik, Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah, Sheikh Tajamul Islam, Inayatullah Tahir, Manoj Kumar and Reiaz ul Rehman Biomass: An Ageless Raw Material for Biofuels ........................................... 435 Sk Manirul Haque, Aamir H. Bhat and Imran Khan Power Reservoirs of Jumble-Based Biomass in Asia .................................... 455 Manoj Kumar, Pooja Bhadrecha, Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah, Bisma Malik, Ajit Verma, Vivek Kumar, Ram Prasad, UmeshChandra Pachouri and Reiaz Ul Rehman Chemical Processes and Reaction By-products Involved in the Biorefinery Concept of Biofuel Production ................................................... 471 Mohammad Faruq, Tanvir Arfin and Nor Azah Yusof Chemical Modifications and Properties of Coir Fibers Biocomposites ...... 491 Md. Saiful Islam, Zainal Abidin Talib, Abul Kalam Azad and Ahsanul Kaiser
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