Agricultural Biocatalysis: Theoretical Studies and Photosynthesis Aspects

365 Pages·2022·34.192 MB·English

by  Peter Jeschke, Evgeni B. Starikov

Jenny Stanford Series
on Biocatalysis
Volume 8
Agricultural Biocatalysis
Jenny Stanford Series on Biocatalysis

Series Editor
Peter Grunwald
Titles in the Series
Published Vol. 6
Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis:
Vol. 1
Important Enzymes, Novel Targets,
Industrial Biocatalysis
and Therapies
Peter Grunwald, ed.

2015
Peter Grunwald, ed.

978-981-4463-88-1 (Hardcover)
2021

978-981-4463-89-8 (eBook)
978-981-4877-13-8 (Hardcover)

978-1-003-04539-7 (eBook)

Vol. 2
Handbook of Carbohydrate- Vol. 7
Modifying Biocatalysts Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis: Drugs,
Peter Grunwald, ed.
Genetic Diseases, and Epigenetics
2016
Peter Grunwald, ed.

978-981-4669-78-8 (Hardcover)
2021

978-981-4669-79-5 (eBook)
978-981-4877-14-5 (Hardcover)

Vol. 3 978-1-003-04541-0 (eBook)

Biocatalysis and Nanotechnology
Vol. 8
Peter Grunwald, ed.

Agricultural Biocatalysis: Theoretical
2017

Studies and Photosynthesis Aspects
978-981-4613-69-9 (Hardcover)

Peter Jeschke and Evgeni B. Starikov, eds.

978-1-315-19660-2 (eBook)

2023

Vol. 4 978-981-4968-46-1 (Hardcover)

Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis: 978-1-003-31307-6 (eBook)

Fundamentals, Enzyme Inhibitors,
Vol. 9
and Enzymes in Health and
Agricultural Biocatalysis: Enzymes in
Diseases
Agriculture and Industry
Peter Grunwald, ed.

2019
Peter Jeschke and Evgeni B. Starikov, eds.

978-981-4800-61-7 (Hardcover)
2023

978-0-429-29503-4 (eBook)
978-981-4968-47-8 (Hardcover)

978-1-003-31310-6 (eBook)

Vol. 5
Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis: Vol. 10
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Active Agricultural Biocatalysis: Biological
Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Chemical Applications
Peter Grunwald, ed.
Peter Jeschke and Evgeni B. Starikov, eds.

2019
2023

978-981-4800-80-8 (Hardcover)
978-981-4968-48-5 (Hardcover)

978-0-429-35311-6 (eBook)
978-1-003-31314-4 (eBook)
Jenny Stanford Series
on Biocatalysis
Volume 8
Agricultural Biocatalysis

Theoretical Studies and Photosynthesis

Aspects

edited by

Peter Jeschke

Evgeni B. Starikov
Published by
Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
101 Thomson Road
#06-01, United Square
Singapore 307591

Email: [email protected]
Web: www.jennystanford.com
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Agricultural Biocatalysis: Theoretical Studies and Photosynthesis
Aspects
Copyright © 2023 Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system
now known or to be invented, without written permission from the
publisher.
ISBN 978-981-4968-46-1 (Hardcover)
ISBN 978-1-003-31307-6 (eBook)
Contents
Preface

xiii
Section 1: Theoretical Studies and Photosynthesis Aspects
1. Theoretical Studies in Biocatalysis: Some Historical

and Methodological Remarks 3

Evgeni. B. Starikov

1.1 History and Methodology of Biocatalysis 4

1.2 What Is the Zest of Fajans’ Quanticule Theory? 13

1.2.1 The Current Views 13

1.2.2 Scope of the Quanticule Theory of

Molecular Structure 14

1.3 What Are the Difficulties in Accepting Fajans’

Quanticule Theory? 15

1.4 What Is the Actual Situation in the Current

Theoretical Biophysics? 26

1.5 Is the Logics of Quantum Mechanics at Least

Somewhat Special Indeed? 27

1.6 Periplanetae Brunneae in General Philosophy

and Methodology in Particular 40

1.7 Nadine Dobrovolskaïa-Zavadskaïa 47
1.8 A Possible Theoretical Approach to Start

Looking for Effective Anti-Viral Medicaments,

on the Actual Example of COVID-19 54

1.9 Conclusion: What Is the Zest of Using

Thermodynamics in Biophysics? 59

1.10 The Problems of Evolution in the Light of
Biology and Thermodynamics 60
vi Contents
2. Temperature Dependence of Biological Processes:

Theory and Applications 89

Lìyĭn L. Liáng

2.1 Development of Temperature Dependence

Functions in Chemical Reactions 90

2.1.1 Collision Theory 95

2.1.2 Transition State Theory 100

2.1.3 Curvature in Temperature Response

Curve 103

2.2 Applications to Plant and Soil Respiration 112

2.2.1 Short-Term Temperature Dependence

of Plant Leaf Respiration 112

2.2.2 Temperature Dependence of Soil

Respiration 116

2.2.2.1 Carbon quality 117

2.2.2.2 Substrate accessibility 120

2.2.2.3 A note on thermal acclimation 123
3. 2A.g3r icuCltounrcallu Bdiioncga Rtaelmysairsk: sF rom Waste Stream to
124
Food and Feed Additives 133

Philipp Cavelius, Selina Engelhart-Straub, Kevin Heieck,

Melania Pilz, Felix Melcher, and Thomas Brück

3.1 Introduction 134

3.2 Agricultural Waste Streams 136

3.2.1 Straw 136

3.2.2 Wheat Bran 137

3.2.3 Other Potential Substrates 139

3.2.4 Hydrolysis 139

3.2.4.1 Chemical and enzymatic

hydrolysis 140

3.2.5 Hydrolytic Enzymes 140

3.2.5.1 Cellulases 142
3.2.5.2 Hemicellulases 144
Contents vii

3.2.6 Lignin-Degrading Enzymes 145

3.3 Industrial Production of Fungal Enzymes 147

3.3.1 Production of Oxidative Enzymes 148
3.3.2 Industrial Application of Fungal

Enzyme Production 148

3.3.2.1 Hydrolysate as a media

component 150

3.4 Amino Acids 151

3.4.1 Functions and Applications of L-Cysteine 153

3.4.2 Production Methods of L-Cysteine 154

3.4.2.1 Extraction from keratin

hydrolysates 154

3.4.2.2 Enzymatic bioconversion 156

3.4.2.3 Fermentation 157

3.5 Carotenoids 160

3.5.1 Carotenoids in Plants 160

3.5.2 Carotenoids in Animals 161

3.5.3 Isoprenoids as Precursors for

Carotenoid Synthesis 161

3.5.4 Carotenoid Biosynthesis 163

3.5.5 Commercial Importance of

Carotenoids 163

3.5.5.1 β-Carotene and astaxanthin 166

3.6 Future Perspectives 169

3.6.1 Carotenoid-Based Crop Protection and

AOs for Aviation 169

3.6.2 Tailored Enzyme Mixture for More

Efficient Hydrolysis of Waste Streams 172
4. 3N.a7n obSiuomcamtaalryyt ic Processing of Sargassum Seaweed
173
Waste 183

Bidyut R. Mohapatra

4.1 Introduction 184

4.2 Phylogenetic Diversity of Alginate Lyase-
Producing Bacteria 188
viii Contents

4.3 Methods for Preparation of Alginate Lyase

Nanobiocatalyst 189

4.3.1 Extraction of Alginate Lyase 189

4.3.2 Preparation of Chitosan Nanoparticle-

Immobilized Alginate Lyase 190

4.3.3 Assay of Alginate Lyase 191

4.4 Methods for Assessment of Characteristics of

Alginate Lyase Biocatalyst 191

4.4.1 Fourier-Transform Infrared

Spectroscopy 191

4.4.2 Influence of pH on Alginate Lyase

Activity and Stability 192

4.4.3 Influence of Temperature on Alginate

Lyase Activity and Stability 192

4.4.4 Effect of Sodium Chloride on Alginate

Lyase Activity 193

4.4.5 Kinetic Parameters of Free and

Immobilized Alginate Lyase 193

4.4.6 Influence of Metal Ions and Inhibitors

on Free and Immobilized Alginate

Lyase Activity 193

4.4.7 Reusability of Immobilized Alginate

Lyase 194

4.5 Characteristics of Alginate Lyase

Nanobiocatalyst 194

4.5.1 FTIR Analysis 194

4.5.2 Optimal Range of pH 196

4.5.3 Optimal Range of Temperature and

Thermodynamic Parameters of Catalysis 198

4.5.4 Thermal Stability 199

4.5.5 Optimal Range of Sodium Chloride 200

4.5.6 Impact of Metal Ions and Inhibitors 200

4.5.7 Kinetic Parameters 202

4.5.8 Reusability 203
4.6 Conclusions 203
Contents ix
Section 2: Photosynthesis
5. No Alternatives to Photosynthesis: From Molecules
to Nanostructures 211
László Nagy and Melinda Magyar

5.1 Introduction 212

5.2 Chlorophylls Are Optimized for Efficient Light

Energy Conversion 219

5.3 Primary Site of Light-Energy Conversion into

Chemical Energy Is RC Protein 222

5.3.1 Energetic Requirement of Charge

Separation and Stabilization 222

5.3.2 Vectorial Electron Transport in RCs 224

5.3.3 RC Photocycle 225

5.4 Special Membrane Organization Does Couple

RC Photochemistry to Metabolic Pathways 229

5.5 Photosynthetic Systems in Bio-Nanotechnology 231

5.5.1 Entire Photosynthetic Organisms in

Bio-Nanotechnology 232
In vivo

5.5.2 Proteoliposomes as Nanosystems

Mimicking Membrane

Organizations 233

5.5.3 Nano-Hybrid Systems for Innovative

Applications 235

5.5.3.1 Photosynthetic RCs in

optoelectronics 236

5.5.3.2 Photocurrent generation by

photosynthetic RCs 238

5.5.3.3 RC biosensors 240
6. 5N.a6t uraSul amnmd aSryyn thetic Inhibitors of Photosynthesis 242
Light Reactions 249
Luiz Cláudio Almeida Barbosa, Róbson Ricardo Teixeira,
and Júnio Gonçalves da Silva

6.1 Introduction 250