Aging of the Brain and Alzheimer's Disease PDF
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PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH VOLUME 70 AGING OF THE BRAIN AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Recent volumes in PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH Volume 46: Membrane Morphology of the Vertebrate Nervous System. A Study with Freeze- etch Technique, by C. Sandri, J. M. Van Buren and K. Akert - revised edition - 1982 Volume 53: Adaptive Capabilities of the Nervous System, by P. S. McConnell, G. J. Boer, H. J. Romijn, N. E. Van de Poll and M. A. Corner (Eds.) - 1980 Volume 54: Motivation, Motor and Sensory Processes of the Brain: Electrical Potentials, Behaviour and Clinical Use, by H. H. Kornhuber and L. Deecke (Eds.) - 1980 Volume 55: Chemical Transmission in the Brain. The Role of Amines, Amino Acids and Peptides, by R. M. Buijs, P. Pevet and D. F. Swaab (Eds.) - 1982 Volume 56: Brain Phosphoproteins, Characterization and Function, by W. H. Gispen and A. Routtenberg (Eds.) - 1982 Volume 57: Descending Pathways to the Spinal Cord, by H. G. J. M. Kuypers and G. F. Martin (Eds.) - 1982 Volume 58: Molecular and Cellular Interactions underlying Higher Brain Functions, by J.-P. Changeux, J. Glowinski, M. Imbert and F. E. Bloom (Eds.) - 1983 Volume 59: Immunology of Nervous System Infections, by P. 0. Behan, V. ter Meulen and F. Clifford Rose (Eds.) - 1983 Volume 60: The Neurohypophysis: Structure, Function and Control, by B. A. Cross and G. Leng (Eds.) - 1983 Volume 6 1 : Sex Differences in the Brain: The Relation Between Structure and Function, by G. J. De Vries, J. P. C. De Bruin, H. B. M. Uylings and M. A. Corner (Eds.) - 1984 Volume 62: Brain Ischemia: Quantitative EEG and Imaging Techniques, by G. Pfurtscheller, E. J. Jonkman and F. H. Lopes da Silva (Eds.) - 1984 Volume 63: Molecular Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Damage, by K. Kogure, K.-A. Hossmann, B. K. Siesjo and F. A. Welsh (Eds.) - 1985 Volume 64: The Oculomotor and Skeletal Motor Systems: Differences and Similarities, by H.-J. Freund, U. Buttner, B. Cohen and J. Noth (Eds.) - 1986 Volume 65: Psychiatric Disorders: Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides, by J. M. Van Ree and S. Matthysse (Eds.) - 1986 Volume 66: Peptides and Neurological Disease, by P. C. Emson, M. N. Rossor and M. Tohyama (Eds.) - 1986 Volume 67: Visceral Sensation, by F. Cervero and J. F. B. Morrison (Eds.) - 1986 Volume 68: Coexistence of Neuronal Messengers - A New Principle in Chemical Transmission, by T. G. M. Hokfelt, K.F uxe and B. Pernow (Eds.) - 1986 Volume 69: Phosphoproteins in Neuronal Function, by W. H. Gispen and A. Routtenberg (Eds.) - 1986 Volume 70: Aging of the Brain and Alzheimer’s Disease, by D. F. Swaab, E. Fliers, M. Mirmiran, W. A. van Goo1 and F. van Haaren (Eds.) - 1986 Volume 7 1 : Neuronal Regeneration, by F. J. Seil, E. Herbert and B. Carlson (Eds.) - in preparation PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH VOLUME 70 AGING OF THE BRAIN AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Proceedings of the 14th International Summer School of Brain Research, held at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 26-30 August, 1985 EDITED BY D. F. SWAAB, E. FLIERS, M. MIRMIRAN, W. A. VAN GOOL and F. VAN HAAREN Netherlands Institute for Brain Research Meibergdreef 33, I105 A2 Amsterdam 20,T he Netherlands ELSEVIER AMSTERDAM - NEW YORK - OXFORD 1986 0 1986 Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. (Biomedical Division) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier Science Publishers B. V./Biomedical Division, P.O. Box 1527, 1000 BM Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Special regulations for readers in the USA: This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopying of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside of the USA, should be referred to the publisher. ISBN 0-444-80793-4 (volume) ISBN 0-444-80104-9 (series) Published by: Elsevier Science Publishers B. V. (Biomedical Division) P.O. Box 21 1 1000 AE Amsterdam The Netherlands Sole distributors for the USA and Canada: Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue New York, NY 10017 USA Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data International Summer School of Brain Research (14th : 1985 : Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) Aging of the brain and Alzheimer's disease. (Progress in brain research; v. 70) Includes bibliographies and index. I. Senile dementia-Etiology-Congresses. 2. Alzheimer's disease-Etiology-Congresses. 3. Brain- Aging-Congresses. 4. Brain-Diseases-Congresses. 5. Senile dementia- Animal models-Congresses. 6. Alzheimer's disease-Animal models-Congresses. I. Swaab, D. F. (Dick Frans) 11. Title. 111. Series. [DNLM: I. Aging-congresses, 2. Alzheimer's Disease- congresses. 3. Brain-physiopathology-congresses. 4. Dementia, Senile-congresses. W1 PR667J v.70 / WT 150 1615 1985al QP367.P7 VOI7.0 [RC524] 618.97'83 86-19787 ISBN 0-444-80793-4 (U.S.) Printed in The Netherlands V List of Contributors T. M. Abou-Nader, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA R. T. Bartus, Department of Central Nervous System Research, Medical Research Division, Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, NY 10965 and Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA A. Bjorklund, Department of Histology, University of Lund, Biskopsgatan 5, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden E. Braak, Department of Anatomy, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-6000 Frankfurt am Main 70, FRG H. Braak, Department of Anatomy, Theodor Stern Kai 7, D-6000 Frankfurt am Main 70, FRG J. M. Candy, MRC Neuroendocrinology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK P. Chen, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Bramston Terrace, Brisbane, Australia 4006 W.-G. Chou, Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, USA P. D. Coleman, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA J. F. Coughlin, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 021 15. USA J. A. Court, MRC Neuroendocrinology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK D. R. Crapper McLachlan, Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S IA8 A. J. Cross, Department of Physiology, University of Manchester, Manchester M 13 9PT. and Divisions of Psychiatry and Clinical Cell Biology, Clinical Research Centre, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK T. J. Crow, Department of Physiology, University of Manchester, Manchester M 13 9PT, and Divisions of Psychiatry and Clinical Cell Biology, Clinical Research Centre, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK A. R. Damasio, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1A 52242, USA P. Davies, Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Building F, Room 538. 1300 Morris Park Avenue. Bronx, NY 10461, USA R. L. Dean, Department of Central Nervous System Research, Medical Research Division. Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA P. N. E. De Graan, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Pharmacology and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands E. Donchin, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Psychophysiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61 820, USA J. A. Edwardson, MRC Neuroendocrinology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE. UK L. A. Farwell, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Psychophysiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Champaign, IL 61820, USA J. Figueiredo, Department of Central Nervous System Research, Medical Research Division, Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River. NY 10965. USA S. Fisher, Department of Central Nervous System Research, Medical Research Division, Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, NY 10965. USA C. Flicker, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York University, New York. NY 10016, USA E. Fliers, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Meibergdreef 33, 1105 A2 Amsterdam ZO. The Netherlands D. G. Flood, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA R. S. J. Frackowiak, MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS. UK F. H. Gage, Department of Neuroscience, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA. USA W. H. Gispen. Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Pharmacology and Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands K. G. Go, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Groningen. Oostersingel 59.9713 EZ Groningen. The Netherlands C. G. Gottfries, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, St. Jorgens Hospital, S-422 03 Hisings Backa. Sweden VI J. Goudsmit, Virology Department, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9,1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands J.-B. P. Gramsbergen, Department of Biological Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Oostersingel 59, 9713 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands I. Grundke-lqbal, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA J. M. Henry, Molecular Physiology and Genetics Section, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Gerontoloav Research Center, National Institute on Ag_ing_, F rancis Scott Key Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224-USA C. F. Hollander. Laboratoires MSD CHIBRET. Centre de Recherche. DtDartement d’E.1.M.. Route de Marsat, B.P. 134, 63203 RIOM Cedex, France B. T. Hyman, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA K. Iqbal, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA 0. Isacson, Department of Histology, University of Lund, Biskopsgatan 5, S-233 62 Lund, Sweden J. Jolles, Department of Clinical Psychiatry, State University of Limburg, P.O. Box 616,6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands J. A. Joseph, Lederle Laboratories of American Cyanamid, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA J. Korf, Department of Biological Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Oostersingel 59, 971 3 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands C. Kidson, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Bramston Terrace, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4006 H. R. Lieberman, Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Applied Biological Sciences, E20-138, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA R. E. Majocha, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02178, USA H. J. Manz, Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20007, USA C. A. Marotta, Department of Psychiatry and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital and Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, 1 I5 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02178, USA S. Matthysse, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02178, USA G. A. Miller, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Psychophysiology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA M. Mirmiran, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Meibergdreef 33, I105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands J. Mos, Duphar B.V., Department of Pharmacology, P.O. Box 2, 1380 AA Weesp, The Netherlands A. E. Oakley, MRC Neuroendocrinology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK A. B. Oestreicher, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Pharmacology and Institute of Molecular Biology, State University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8,3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands J. M. Palacios, Preclinical Research, Sandoz Ltd., CH-4002 Basle, Switzerland R. C. A. Pearson, Department of Human Anatomy, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK E. K. Perry, Department of Pathology, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK R. H. Perry, Department of Pathology, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, UK T. J. Peters, Department of Physiology, University of Manchester, Manchester MI3 9PT, and Divisions of Psychiatry and Clinical Cell Biology, Clinical Research Centre, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK C. E. Polak, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 8, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands M. Pontecorvo, Department of Central Nervous System Research, Medical Research Division, Lederle Laboratories, American Cyanamid Company, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA G. H. M. Prenen, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Groningen, Oostersingel 59, 9713 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands G. S. Roth, Molecular Physiology and Genetics Section, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Francis Scott Key Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA E. M. Sajdel-Sulkowska, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02178, USA M. V. Sofroniew, Anatomy School, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK R. S. Sohal, Department of Biology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA R. Spiegel, Clinical Research, Sandoz Ltd., CH-4002 Basle, Switzerland D. F. Swaab, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Meibergdreef 33, 1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands R. D. Terry, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA M. F. A. Van Berkum, Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada MSS 1A8 H. Van Crevel, Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands F. Van der Waals, Virology Department, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, I105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands W. A. Van Gool, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Meiberg- dreef 33, I105 AZ Amsterdam ZO, The Netherlands - F. Van Haaren. Netherlands Institute for Brain Research. Meiberedreef 33. 1105 AZ Amsterdam ZO. The Netherlands G. W. Van Hoesen, Departments of Anatomy and Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA M. Ventosa-Michelman, Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, I15 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02178, USA R. S. Williams, Shriver Center, 200 Trapelo Road, Waltham, MA 02154, USA H. M. Wisniewski, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA L. S. Wolfe, Donner Laboratory of Experimental Neurochemistry, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4 S. B. Zain, Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, USA This Page Intentionally Left Blank IX Preface This book contains the proceedings of the 14th International Summer School of Brain Research organized by the Netherlands Institute for Brain Research and the University of Amsterdam in August 1985. According to tradition, the Summer School took place at the stately Trippenhuis. This building, which is situated in one of the oldest parts of Amsterdam, was built from 1660-1664 for the families of the brothers Louis and Hendrik Trip. From 1814 to 1885 it served as the ‘Rijksmuseum’, and since 1812 as the seat of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences. In such an environment it was easy to let one’s mind wander back to the meeting of the International Association of Academies, held in Paris in 1901, where the anatomist Wilhelm His proposed that research into the nervous system should be placed on an international footing. Three years later this proposal resulted in the formation of the Interna’tional Academies Committee, and in 1909 in the foundation of the Netherlands (Central) Institute for Brain Research. Soon after its installation, the Committee pointed out that “the time is not far distant when the study of the millions of brain cells will have to be divided amongst researchers in the way the astronomers have been obliged to divide the millions of stars into various groups”. The success of the series of International Summer Schools of Brain Research has proven that such a division is not satisfactory for present-day neurosciences. Today’s researchers do not merely study ‘their’ part of the brain in depth, but feel an increasing need to integrate their data in a broad international, multidisciplinary setting. At the diamond jubilee of the Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, it seemed highly appropriate to select ‘Aging of the Brain and Alzheimer’s Disease’ as the theme for our 14th Summer School. This topic appeared especially timely because it was felt, both internationally and in The Netherlands, to be a research field of considerable social and clinical relevance. Indeed, various organizations (e.g., ZWO, SOOM, Eurage, the Alzheimer Foundation) were trying to stimulate the interest of Dutch neuroscientists in this direction. We felt that the Summer School would contribute to this important initiative by bringing together a group of internationally well-known scientists in Amsterdam. The authors have been requested to relate, whenever possible, (a) functional and morphological studies and (b) human clinical and animal experimental data. The question of whether or not the changes observed in aging are qualitatively different from those observed in Alzheimer’s disease has also received attention. The present book which has been compiled with the indispensable help of T. Eikelboom and W. Chen-Pelt contains a great number of the current central questions regarding brain aging and dementia, along with the strategies being followed in order to tackle such problems. We are very grateful for the enthusiasm with which a great number of scientists have agreed to contribute their knowledge and expertise to our endeavor. We are under no illusion that the 14th International Summer School has answered all
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