Agile Model-Based Development Using UML-RSDS

386 Pages·2016·16.219 MB·English

by  Lano, Kevin

Agile Model-Based
Development Using
UML-RSDS

Agile Model-Based
Development Using
UML-RSDS
Kevin Lano
Department of Informatics
King’s College London, London
United Kingdom
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A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
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Preface
Model-based development is moving into the mainstream of software engineering, and
it is an approach that all software developers should know about as one option to use
in solving software problems. In this book we give a practical introduction to model-
based development, model transformations and agile development, using a UML and
Java-based toolset, UML-RSDS. Guidance on applying model-based development in a
range of domains is provided, and many examples are given to illustrate the UML-RSDS
process and techniques. The book is suitable both for professional software engineers
and for postgraduate and undergraduate teaching.
I would like to acknowledge the contributions of my research team members
and colleagues who have helped in the development of the UML-RSDS tools and
method: Kelly Androutsopoulos, Pauline Kan, Shekoufeh Kolahdouz-Rahimi, Sobhan
Yassipour-Tehrani, Hessa Alfraihi, David Clark, Howard Haughton, Tom Maibaum,
Iman Poernomo, Jeffery Terrell and Steffen Zschaler. The support of Imperial College
London, King’s College London and the EPSRC is also acknowledged.
I dedicate this book to my wife, Olga.

Contents
Preface v
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Model-based development using UML-RSDS 1
1.2 The ‘software crisis’ 4
1.3 Model-based development concepts 6
2. Overview of Development Using UML-RSDS 11
2.1 Component development: statistical correlation calculator 11
2.2 Application development: Sudoku solver 16
2.3 Transformation development: class diagram refactoring 21
2.4 Integrating UML-RSDS applications with external applications 25
2.5 What is different about UML-RSDS? 26
3. Class Diagrams 31
3.1 Class diagram concepts 31
3.2 Class diagram notations 32
3.2.1 The class diagram editor 35
3.2.2 Drawing a class diagram 36
3.2.3 Operations 37
3.2.4 Rules and restrictions 40
3.2.5 Code synthesis from class diagrams 41
3.2.6 Bi-directional associations 44
3.2.7 Qualified associations 46
3.2.8 Association classes 47
3.2.9 Aggregation 48
3.3 Models and metamodels 49
3.4 Domain-specific languages 52
3.5 Generalised application models 55
4. Constraints 57
4.1 Constraints in UML-RSDS 57
4.1.1 Basic expressions 61
4.1.2 Logical expressions 63
4.1.3 Comparitor, numeric and string expressions 64
4.1.4 Pre-state expressions 67
viii Agile Model-Based Development Using UML-RSDS
4.1.5 Collection expressions 68
4.1.6 Navigation expressions 71
4.1.7 Object deletion 72
4.1.8 Additional cases of quantification operators 72
4.2 Type checking 73
4.3 Differences to OCL 74
5. Use Cases 79
5.1 Specification of use cases 79
5.2 General use cases 80
5.2.1 Use case post-conditions 82
5.3 Composition and features of use cases 86
5.3.1 Extend-composition 87
5.3.2 Include-composition 88
5.3.3 Use case inversion 88
5.3.4 Use case parameters 89
5.3.5 Generic use cases 90
5.3.6 Use case attributes 90
5.3.7 Use case operations 90
6. Design Synthesis 93
6.1 Synthesis of class diagram designs 93
6.2 Synthesis of constraint code 94
6.3 Synthesis of use case designs 96
6.3.1 Type 1 constraints 97
6.3.2 Type 2 constraints 98
6.3.3 Type 3 constraints 99
6.3.4 Type 0 constraints 101
6.3.5 Quantified and let variables 101
6.3.6 Specification and design guidelines 102
7. Model Transformations 105
7.1 Model transformation concepts 105
7.2 Model transformation languages 107
7.3 Model transformation specification in UML-RSDS 109
7.3.1 Transformation constraints 111
7.3.2 Transformation specification techniques 113
7.3.3 Pre-state expressions in constraints 116
7.4 Specifying bidirectional transformations 117
7.5 Transformation examples 119
7.5.1 Refinement example: UML to relational database 119
7.5.2 Migration example: trees to graphs 121
8. Case Study: Resource Scheduler 125
8.1 Case study description 125
8.2 Solution 126
Contents ix
8.3 Scheduling examples 132
8.4 Optimisation 134
9. Design Patterns and Refactorings 137
9.1 Design patterns 137
9.2 Design pattern implementation in UML-RSDS 142
9.3 Refactorings 145
10. System Composition and Reuse 149
10.1 Component-based and service-oriented composition 149
10.2 Language extensions and importing libraries 150
10.2.1 External classes and operations 151
10.2.2 Adding an import 153
10.2.3 Adding a new operator 153
10.3 Example of library creation and use: mathematical functions 154
10.4 Publishing UML-RSDS applications as web services 157
10.4.1 REST web service 159
10.4.2 SOAP web service 161
11. Migration Transformations 165
11.1 Characteristics of migration transformations 165
11.2 Case study: GMF model migration 166
11.3 Case study: migration of ATL specifications to UML-RSDS 169
12. Refinement and Enhancement Transformations 177
12.1 Enhancement transformation: computing inheritance depth 178
12.2 Refinement transformation: UML-RSDS to C code generation 180
13. Refactoring and Update-in-place Transformations 189
13.1 Case study: repotting geraniums 190
13.2 Case study: state machine refactoring 191
13.3 Case study: simulation of BPMN execution semantics 196
14. Bidirectional and Incremental Transformations 205
14.1 Criteria for bidirectionality 206
14.2 Patterns for bidirectional transformations 207
14.3 Bidirectional transformation specification in UML-RSDS 207
14.4 Patterns for bx 211
14.4.1 Auxiliary correspondence model 211
14.4.2 Cleanup before construct 213
14.4.3 Unique instantiation 215
14.4.4 Phased construction for bx 216
14.4.5 Entity merging/splitting for bx 218
14.4.6 Map objects before links for bx 220
14.5 View updates 222
14.6 Verification techniques for bidirectional transformations 224