Agent culture : human-agent interaction in a multicultural world PDF
Preview Agent culture : human-agent interaction in a multicultural world
tAGENT CULTURE Human-Agent Interaction in a Multicultural World This page intentionally left blank AGENT CULTURE Human-Agent Interaction in a Multicultural World Edited by Sabine Payr and Robert Trappl Austrian Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence and University of Vienna LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS 2004 Mahwah, New Jersey London Copyright © 2004 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microform, retrieval system, or any other means, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 10 Industrial Avenue Mahwah, New Jersey 07430 Cover design by Sean Trane Sciarrone Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Agent culture : human-agent interaction in a multicultural world / edited by Sabine Payr and Robert Trappl. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-805&480&8 (alk. paper) 1. Human-computer interaction. 2. Intelligent agents (Computer software). I. Payr, Sabine, 1956- II. Trappl, Robert. QA76.9.H85A49 2004 005.1-dc22 2003064220 CIP Books published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates are printed on acid-free paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability. Printed in the United States of America 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Valentin This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface ix Introduction xiii Sabine Payr PART I. CULTURE(S) AND AGENT TECHNOLOGY 1 1 The Agents of McDonaldization 3 Phoebe Sengers 2 Designing Technology, Designing Culture 21 Lorna Heaton 3 Socially Intelligent Agents in Human Primate Culture 45 Kerstin Dautenhahn PART II. DESIGN FOR CROSS-CULTURAL BELIEVABILITY 73 4 Transcultural Believability in Embodied Agents: A Matter of Consistent Adaptation 75 Fiorella de Rosis, Catherine Pelachaud, and Isabella Poggi vii VIII CONTENTS 5 Creating Embodied Agents With Cultural Context 107 Jan M. Allbeck and Norman I. Badler 6 Enculturating Agents With Expressive Role Behavior 127 David R. Heise 7 Toward Cross-Cultural Believability in Character Design 143 Heidy Maldonado and Barbara Hayes-Roth 8 Recruiting a Virtual Employee: Adaptive and Personalized Agents in Corporate Communication 177 Benoit Morel 9 Lifelike Agents for the Internet: A Cross-Cultural Case Study 197 Brigitte Krenn, Barbara Neumayr, Erich Gstrein, and Martine Grice PART III. AGENTS FOR INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION 231 10 Building Bridges Through the Unspoken: Embodied Agents to Facilitate Intercultural Communication 233 Katherine Isbister 11 Designing a Social Agent for Virtual Meeting Space 245 Hideyuki Nakanishi, Toru Ishida, Katherine Isbister, and Clifford Nass 12 Designing Intercultural Agents for Multicultural Interactions 267 Elaine M. Raybourn Suggested Readings 287 Contributors 293 Author Index 301 Subject Index 307 Preface Computer animation and computer simulation have been making such rapid progress during the last years that we are facing an increasing num ber of computer-generated, realistic, and believable actors in different roles and different media (e.g., in computer games and even in movies). Whereas scientific research and technical development have been focus ing mainly on the (individual) personality of synthetic actors, we wanted to investigate the role of the synthetic being as part of a heterogeneous soci ety of real and virtual persons. We furthermore tried to investigate in which cultural context synthetic actors are developed and used. In doing so, we considered them as actors also in the sense of their becoming social beings through interactions with their users. We only saw a chance for a success of our endeavor by initiating an in terdisciplinary discourse among researchers in cultural and technical ar eas. However, this is an often attempted and rarely successful effort. We therefore looked for questions that seemed to be of current relevance also for technical developers. We found that several projects were modeling nonverbal communication of agents, especially by mimics, gestures, and postures. Clearly, those aspects are strongly culture-dependent, and ignor ing these dependencies can lead to a breakdown in (intercultural) commu nication. This turned out to be one of the major starting points for the dis course we envisaged. We therefore arranged an interdisciplinary international workshop on "Agent Culture" to be held at the premises of the Austrian Research Insti ix
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