Agent-Based Ubiquitous Computing

205 Pages·2010·6.114 MB·English

by  Eleni Mangina, Javier Carbo, José M. Molina (auth.)

ATLANTIS AMBIENT AND PERVASIVE INTELLIGENCE
VOLUME1
SERIES EDITOR: ISMAIL KHALIL
Atlantis Ambient and Pervasive Intelligence
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Agent-Based Ubiquitous
Computing
Eleni Mangina, Javier Carbo, Jose´ M. Molina
SchoolofComputerScienceandInformatics
UniversityCollegeDublin,Dublin4,Ireland
UniversityCarlosIIIofMadrid,
ComputerScienceDepartment,
AppliedArtificialIntelligenceGroup(GIAA),
Avda. UniversidadCarlosIII22,28270Colmenarejo,Spain
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Toourchildren,
Patrick,Sofia, Jose,Javierand Maria.

Preface
Ubiquitouscomputingnamesthethirdwaveincomputing,wherethepersonalcomputing
eraappearswhentechnologyrecedesintothebackgroundofourlives.Thewidespreaduse
ofnewmobiletechnologyimplementingwirelesscommunicationssuchaspersonaldigital
assistants (PDAs) and smart phonesenablesa new type of advancedapplications. In the
pastyears,themainfocusofresearchinmobileserviceshasaimedattheanytime-anywhere
principle(ubiquitouscomputing).However,thereismoretoit. Theincreasingdemandfor
distributedproblemsolvingledtothedevelopmentofmulti-agentsystems. Thelatterare
formed from a collection of independentsoftware entities whose collective skills can be
applied in complexand real-time domains. The targetof such systems is to demonstrate
howgoaldirected,robustandoptimalbehaviorcanarisefrominteractionsbetweenindivid-
ualautonomousintelligentsoftwareagents. Thesesoftwareentitiesexhibitcharacteristics
like autonomy, responsiveness, pro-activenessand social ability. Their functionality and
effectivenesshasproventobehighlydependedonthedesignanddevelopmentandtheap-
plicationdomain.Infact,inseveralcases,thedesignanddevelopmentofeffectiveservices
shouldtakeintoaccountthecharacteristicsofthecontextfromwhichaserviceisrequested.
Contextisthesetofsuitableenvironmentalstatesandsettingsconcerningauser,whichare
relevantforasituationsensitiveapplicationintheprocessofadaptingtheservicesandin-
formationofferedtotheuser. Agenttechnologyseemstobetherighttechnologytooffer
thepossibilityofexploringthedynamiccontextoftheuserinordertoprovideadded-value
services or to execute more and complex tasks. In this respect, agent-based ubiquitous
computingcanbenefitfrommarryingtheagent-basedtechnologyfortheextensiveusage
ofdistributedfunctionality,tobedeployedforlightweightdevicesandenabletocombine
ubiquity and intelligence in different application areas and challenge with questions the
researchcommunitiesincomputerscience,artificialintelligenceandengineering.
We noticedduringtheAAMASworkshopweorganizedaboutthisissue in2007that, al-
thoughanumberofotherbooksonubiquitouscomputinghavebeenpublishedinthelast
years, none of these has focused on the agent-based perspective. So we opened a call
for chapters to gather input and feedback concerning the above challenges, through the
collectionof the high-qualitycontributionsthatreflectandadvancethe state-of-theartin
agent-basedubiquitousapplicationsystems. It broughttogether researchers, agent-based
vii
viii Agent-BasedUbiquitousComputing
softwaredevelopers,usersandpractitionersinvolvedintheareaofagent-basedubiquitous
systems, coming from many disciplines, with the target to discuss the different funda-
mentalprinciplesforconstructionanddesignofagentsforspecificapplications,howthey
co-operateandcommunicate,whattaskscanbesetandhowdifferentpropertieslikecoor-
dinationandcommunicationhavebeenimplemented,andwhicharethedifferentproblems
they had to cope with. Existing perspectivesof ubiquitousagents within differentappli-
cation domains have been welcome, as well as the different mechanisms for design and
cooperationthatcanbeusedwithindifferentagentbuildingenvironments.Specifically,the
bookfocused on the differentdisciplinescontributingto the design, cooperation,coordi-
nationandimplementationproblemsofubiquitouscomputingapplicationsandhowthese
canbesolvedthroughtheutilizationofagents.
Thanksareduetoallcontributorsandrefereesfortheirkindcooperationandenthusiasm,
andtoZegerKarssen(EditorialAtlantisPress)forhiskindadviceandhelptopublishthis
volume.
E.Mangina,J.CarboandJ.M.Molina
Contents
Preface vii
1. SolvingConflictsinAgent-BasedUbiquitousComputingSystems: APro-
posalBasedonArgumentation 1
Andre´sMun˜ozOrtega,JuanA.Bot´ıaBlaya,Fe´lixJ.Garc´ıaClemente,
GregorioMart´ınezPe´rezandAntonioF.Go´mezSkarmeta
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Classificationofauthorizationpoliciesconflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Thebasicsofargumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Usingargumentationtoresolvepolicyconflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5 Relatedwork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.6 Conclusionsandfuturework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.7 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2. MixedRealityAgent(MiRA)Chameleons 13
MauroDragone,ThomasHolz,G.M.P.O’HareandMichaelJ.O’Grady
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 Socialinterfaceagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3 Ubiquitousrobots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.1 AugmentedHRIandimmersiveinterfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4 Ubiquitousagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.1 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5 Dynamicembodiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.5.1 Agentchameleons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.5.2 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.6 MiRAchameleons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.6.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.6.2 Thesociallysituatedagentarchitecture(SoSAA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.6.3 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.6.4 Testbed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.6.5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3. AGenericArchitectureforHuman-AwareAmbientComputing 35
TiborBosse,MarkHoogendoorn,MichelC.A.Klein,andJanTreur
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.2 Modellingapproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
ix
x Agent-BasedUbiquitousComputing
3.3 Globalstructureoftheagent-basedgenericmodel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.4 Genericambientagentandworldmodel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.5 Casestudy1:Anambientdriversupportsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.6 Casestudy2:Ambientaggressionhandlingsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.7 Casestudy3:Ambientsystemformanagementofmedicineusage . . . . . . . . . 48
3.8 Specificationandverificationofdynamicproperties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.9 Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.10 Appendix1:Drivercase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.10.1 Driverassessmentagent:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . . 54
3.10.2 Cruisecontrolagent:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.10.3 Steeringmonitoringagent:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . 54
3.10.4 Steeringsensoringagent:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . . 55
3.10.5 Gaze-focussensoringagent:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . 55
3.10.6 Alcohol-levelmonitoringagent:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . 55
3.10.7 Alcoholsensoringagent:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . . 56
3.10.8 Driver:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.10.9 Carandenvironment: Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.11 Appendix2:Aggressionhandlingcase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.11.1 Soundanalysisagent:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3.11.2 Microphoneagent:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.11.3 Personsincrowd:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.11.4 Policeofficeratstation:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.11.5 Policeofficeratstreet:Domain-specifictemporalrules . . . . . . . . . . 58
3.12 Appendix3:Medicineusagecase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.12.1 Medicineboxagent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3.12.2 Usagesupportagent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4. e-AssistanceSupportbyIntelligentAgentsoverMANETs 63
EduardoRodr´ıguez,JuanC.BurguilloandDanielA.Rodr´ıguez
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.1.1 Multiagentsystems(MAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.1.2 Ubiquitouscomputing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.1.3 Casebasedreasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.1.4 Peer-to-peer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.1.5 Mobilead-hocnetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.2 Systemarchitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.2.1 Reasoningprocess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.2.2 Communicationprocess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.3 Acaseofstudy:Anintelligentgym . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
4.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5. TheActiveMetadataFramework 85
ChristopherMcCubbin,R.ScottCost,JohnCole,NicholasKratzmeier,Markus
Dale,DanielBankman
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.1.1 Background: Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5.1.2 Background: Theactivemetadataconcept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5.2 SimAMF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89