RuhulAminSarkerandTapabrataRay(Eds.) Agent-BasedEvolutionarySearch Adaptation,Learning,andOptimization,Volume5 SeriesEditor-in-Chief Meng-HiotLim NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore E-mail:[email protected] Yew-SoonOng NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore E-mail:[email protected] Furthervolumesofthisseriescanbefoundonourhomepage:springer.com Vol.1.JingqiaoZhangandArthurC.Sanderson AdaptiveDifferentialEvolution,2009 ISBN978-3-642-01526-7 Vol.2.YoelTenneandChi-KeongGoh(Eds.) ComputationalIntelligencein ExpensiveOptimizationProblems,2010 ISBN978-3-642-10700-9 Vol.3.Ying-pingChen(Ed.) ExploitationofLinkageLearninginEvolutionaryAlgorithms,2010 ISBN978-3-642-12833-2 Vol.4.AnyongQingandChingKwangLee DifferentialEvolutioninElectromagnetics,2010 ISBN978-3-642-12868-4 Vol.5.RuhulAminSarkerandTapabrataRay(Eds.) Agent-BasedEvolutionarySearch,2010 ISBN978-3-642-13424-1 RuhulAmin Sarker and Tapabrata Ray (Eds.) Agent-Based Evolutionary Search 123 RuhulAminSarker SchoolofEngineeringandInformationTechnology UniversityofNewSouthWales ADFACampus,NorthcottDrive Canberra,ACT2600,Australia Email:[email protected] TapabrataRay SchoolofEngineeringandInformationTechnology UniversityofNewSouthWales ADFACampus,NorthcottDrive Canberra,ACT2600,Australia Email:[email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-13424-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-13425-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-13425-8 Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization ISSN1867-4534 Library of Congress Control Number:2010929473 (cid:2)c 2010 Springer-VerlagBerlin Heidelberg Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically therights of translation, reprinting,reuse ofillustrations, recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyother way, and storage in data banks. 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Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Preface Agent based evolutionary search is an emerging paradigm in computational intel- ligence offering the potential to conceptualize and solve a variety of complex problems such as currency trading, production planning, disaster response man- agement, business process management etc. There has been a significant growth in the number of publications related to the development and applications of agent based systems in recent years which has prompted special issues of journals and dedicated sessions in premier conferences. The notion of an agent with its ability to sense, learn and act autonomously al- lows the development of a plethora of efficient algorithms to deal with complex problems. This notion of an agent differs significantly from a restrictive definition of a solution in an evolutionary algorithm and opens up the possibility to model and capture emergent behavior of complex systems through a natural agent- oriented decomposition of the problem space. While this flexibility of representa- tion offered by agent based systems is widely acknowledged, they need to be de- signed for specific purposes capturing the right level of details and description. This edited volume is aimed to provide the readers with a brief background of agent based evolutionary search, recent developments and studies dealing with various levels of information abstraction and applications of agent based evolu- tionary systems. There are 12 peer reviewed chapters in this book authored by dis- tinguished researchers who have shared their experience and findings spanning across a wide range of applications. We hope that this text will serve as a reference for the researchers working in the area of agent based evolutionary search and for practitioners who would be in- terested to apply concepts outlined here for their own set of problems. Finally, we would like to thank the contributors, reviewers and the editorial board for their time, effort and support for this timely edition. January 2010 Ruhul Sarker Tapabrata Ray Contents Agent Based Evolutionary Approach: An Introduction....... 1 Ruhul A. Sarker, Tapabrata Ray Multi-Agent Evolutionary Model for Global Numerical Optimization ................................................ 13 Jing Liu, Weicai Zhong, Licheng Jiao An Agent Based Evolutionary Approach for Nonlinear Optimization with Equality Constraints ..................... 49 Abu S.S.M. Barkat Ullah, Ruhul Sarker, Chris Lokan Multiagent-Based Approach for Risk Analysis in Mission Capability Planning ......................................... 77 Lam T. Bui, Axel Bender, Michael Barlow, Hussein A. Abbass Agent Based Evolutionary Dynamic Optimization ........... 97 Yang Yan, Shengxiang Yang, Dazhi Wang, Dingwei Wang Divide and Conquer in Coevolution: A Difficult Balancing Act.......................................................... 117 Hemant Kumar Singh, Tapabrata Ray Complex Emergent Behaviour from Evolutionary Spatial Animat Agents .............................................. 139 K.A. Hawick, C.J. Scogings An Agent-Based Parallel Ant Algorithm with an Adaptive Migration Controller ........................................ 161 Ying Lin, Jun Zhang An Attempt to Stochastic Modeling of Memetic Systems .... 179 Aleksander Byrski, Robert Schaefer VIII Contents Searching for the Effective Bidding Strategy Using Parameter Tuning in Genetic Algorithm..................... 203 Kim Soon Gan, Patricia Anthony, Jason Teo, Kim On Chin PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization): One Method, Many Possible Applications ........................................ 229 Federico Cecconi, Marco Campenn´ı VISPLORE: Exploring Particle Swarms by Visual Inspection ................................................... 255 Namrata Khemka, Christian Jacob Index........................................................ 285 List of Contributors Hussein Abbass Marco Campenní School of SEIT, University College, LABSS-ISTC, Via Palestro 9, University of New South Wales, Rome, Italy Australian Defence Force Academy [email protected] (UNSW@ADFA) Canberra ACT, Australia Federico Cecconi [email protected] LABSS-ISTC, Via Palestro 9 Rome, Italy Patricia Anthony federico.cecconi@ Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked istc.cnr.it Bag No. 2073, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia K.A. Hawick [email protected] Massey University, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Michael Barlow [email protected] School of SEIT, University College, University of New South Wales, Christian Jacob Canberra ACT, Australia University of Calgary, Dept. of Computer Science, Dept. of Axel Bender Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Defence Science and Technology 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Organization (DSTO), Edinburgh, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada South Australia, Australia [email protected] Lam T. Bui Licheng Jiao School of SEIT, University College, Institute of Intelligent Information University of New South Wales, Processing, Xidian University, Canberra ACT, Australia P.O. Box 224, Xi’an 710071, P.R.China [email protected] [email protected] Aleksander Byrski Namrata Khemka Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Dept. of AGH University of Science and Computer Science, 2500 University Technology, Al. Mickiewicza Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland T2N 1N4, Canada. [email protected] [email protected] X List of Contributors Ying Lin C.J. Scogings Department of Computer Science, Sun Massey University, Albany, Auckland, Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, New Zealand 510275, China [email protected] Jing Liu Hemant Kumar Singh Institute of Intelligent Information School of Engineering and Information Processing, Xidian University, Technology, University of New South P.O. Box 224, Xi’an 710071, P.R. China Wales at Australian Defence Force [email protected] Academy (UNSW@ADFA), Canberra ACT, Australia Chris Lokan [email protected] School of Engineering and Information Technology, UNSW@ADFA, Canberra Gan Kim Soon ACT 2600, Australia Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag No. 2073, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Chin Kim On Sabah, Malaysia Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag [email protected] No. 2073, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia Jason Teo [email protected] Universiti Malaysia Sabah Locked Bag No. 2073, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Tapabrata Ray Sabah, Malaysia School of Engineering and Information [email protected] Technology, University of New South Wales at Australian Defence Force Abu S.S.M. Barkat Ullah Academy (UNSW@ADFA), Canberra School of Engineering and Information ACT, Australia Technology, UNSW@ADFA, Canberra [email protected] ACT 2600, Australia [email protected] Ruhul Sarker School of Engineering and Information Dazhi Wang Technology, UNSW@ADFA, Canberra School of Information Science and ACT 2600, Australia Engineering, Northeastern University, [email protected] Shenyang 110004, China [email protected] Robert Schaefer Department of Computer Science, Dingwei Wang AGH University of Science and Tech- School of Information Science and nology, Al. Mickiewicza Engineering. Northeastern University, 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland Shenyang 110004, China [email protected] [email protected] List of Contributors XI Yang Yan Jun Zhang School of Information Science and Department of Computer Science, Engineering, Northeastern University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Shenyang 110004, China 510275, China [email protected] [email protected]. Shengxiang Yang Weicai Zhong Department of Computer Science, Institute of Intelligent Information University of Leicester, Processing, Xidian University, University Road, Leicester P.O. Box 224, Xi’an 710071, P.R. LE1 7RH, United Kingdom China [email protected] [email protected]