Ageing in Place: Design, Planning and Policy Response in the Western Asia-Pacific PDF
Preview Ageing in Place: Design, Planning and Policy Response in the Western Asia-Pacific
Ageing in Place Ageing in Place Design, Planning and Policy Response in the Western Asia-Pacific Edited by Bruce Judd Emeritus Professor, City Futures Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia Kenichi Tanoue Professor, Department of Environmental Design, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Japan Edgar Liu Senior Research Fellow, City Futures Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA © Bruce Judd, Kenichi Tanoue and Edgar Liu 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by Edward Elgar Publishing Limited The Lypiatts 15 Lansdown Road Cheltenham Glos GL50 2JA UK Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. William Pratt House 9 Dewey Court Northampton Massachusetts 01060 USA A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Control Number: 2020944655 This book is available electronically in the Social and Political Science subject collection http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781788976091 ISBN 978 1 78897 608 4 (cased) ISBN 978 1 78897 609 1 (eBook) 2 0 Contents List of figures vii List of tables ix List of contributors x 1 Introduction: ageing in place in the Western Asia-Pacific 1 Bruce Judd, Edgar Liu and Kenichi Tanoue PART I DESIGN 2 Housing typology and ageing in place in Australia 14 Bruce Judd 3 Ageing in place: Japan struggles toward its realization 34 Satoshi Kose 4 Community opposition to embedded facilities for the elderly in Chinese urban communities 39 Zhang Song and Lei Jing-Wen 5 A field survey on the environmental characteristics of day care centres for the demented elderly in Taiwan 48 Hwang Yao-Rong 6 Preferable home environment for the independent elderly to prevent falls and maintain activities of daily living 60 Satoshi Muraki PART II PLANNING 7 Ageing in sprawl: urban form and the challenges for age-friendly planning 70 Mariana Atkins 8 Ageing and depopulation in the mountains of Japan and Spain 84 Masakazu Tani, Tomo Inoue, Kazuo Asahiro, Naoyuki Oi and Kenichi Tanoue 9 The Livability App: older and vulnerable users’ perspectives on space design, access provision and services 97 Catherine Bridge v vi Ageing in place 10 Planning for the milieu of older people in a post-disaster environment 111 Kenichi Tanoue 11 Older people’s use of outdoor spaces and factors that influence place selection: a survey of old urban communities in Nanjing, China 126 Li Xiang-Feng, Zhang Meng, Li Xiao-Ming and Fan Hao PART III POLICY 12 A review of ageing in place: policies and initiatives in Hong Kong since 2010 139 Ernest Wing-Tak Chui 13 Ageing in multigenerational households: the case of Australia 153 Edgar Liu 14 From vicious to virtuous: repositioning New Zealand’s housing to sustain better later lives 165 Kay Saville-Smith 15 Ageing and the concept of fair housing in the Japanese context 180 Yasushi Sukenari 16 Conclusion: ageing in place, cross-cultural and interdisciplinary perspectives 194 Edgar Liu and Bruce Judd Index 196 Figures 1.1 Percentage of people aged 65+ in selected Western Asia-Pacific countries, 2020, 2050 and 2100, median projections 3 2.1 An Australian typology of housing options for older Australians 19 2.2 Dwelling type of older reference person by census year, 1971–2016, Sydney 22 2.3 Missing middle housing types 23 2.4 NSW missing middle typology 24 2.5 South East Queensland missing middle typology 26 2.6 Greater Adelaide Plan missing middle typology 27 4.1 Corresponding diagram of the area of each aged care facility and the function types 41 4.2 Statistics of functions of aged care facilities 41 4.3 Relationship between the base conditions of different projects and the proportion of final termination of projects due to residents’ opposition 42 5.1 Plan of day care centre D 52 5.2 Plan of day care centre E 55 6.1 Breakdown in daily energy expenditure (kcal/day) in housewives 63 7.1 Population ageing dynamic across Metropolitan Perth using the Population Ageing Matrix 74 7.2 Spatial pattern of neighbourhood types across the metropolitan area based on transport 77 8.1 Kuroki and the locations of study communities in Higashiku, Kyushu, Japan 88 8.2 Embún in Valle de Hecho, Aragon, Spain 89 9.1 Data export from Livability App as visualized in ArcGIS, enabling visualization of data of disparate types or multiple audits 103 vii viii Ageing in place 9.2 Examples of how current smart device photos capture the lived experience of the streetscape 104 9.3 The embedded structural relations in the ‘Accessible-Building’ model within the Livability App makes its data reportable and actionable 106 9.4 Improved automated reporting direct to the app using the embedded access audit model 107 11.1 Proportion of ageing population in each sub-district in Nanjing 128 11.2 Concentration of ageing population in each sub-district in Nanjing 129 11.3 The distribution of (a) urban parkland of a minimum 500m2; (b) all the residential blocks in the downtown area in Nanjing; (c) residential blocks with more than 15-minute walking distance to an urban parkland of minimum 500m2 130 11.4 Case study locations 131 11.5 The elderly’s satisfaction with local urban parklands and the trip there 133 11.6a The street scene of the road from Xuanwumen 2 to the nearest parkland 134 11.6b The road from Xuanwumen 4 to the nearest parkland 135 14.1 Number of pedestrian injuries/deaths by age, 2016/17 169 14.2 The radical break from owner occupation based on cohort analysis 173 14.3 Maintenance condition of dwellings accommodating seniors aged 65 or over 174 14.4 Four research programmes for age-friendly built environments 176 Tables 5.1 Comparison of variety of spaces in day care centres 51 6.1 %MVC of the rectus femoris muscle during various movements in homes 64 6.2 Notes when elements of a barrier-free home are introduced for independent elderly people 65 8.1 Age distribution in Higashiku and Embún 90 8.2 Distribution of household composition in Higashiku and Embún 91 8.3 Annual average number of visits to Higashiku and Embún by out-migrated family members 93 10.1 Manuals for evacuation centres of ordinance-designated cities in Japan in 2018 118 10.2 Base evacuation centres in Kumamoto City 120 12.1 Living arrangements of older people (aged 65 or above) in Hong Kong 2006–16 141 13.1 Reasons for entering a multigenerational living arrangement 155 15.1 Attitudes towards government responsibility for social policies 182 ix
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