After the Revolution: Gender and Democracy in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala PDF
Preview After the Revolution: Gender and Democracy in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala
After the Revolution Q AFTER THE REVOLUTION Gender and Democracy in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala Ilja A. Luciak The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore & London ©2001The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published2001 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 The Johns Hopkins University Press 2715North Charles Street Baltimore, Maryland21218-4363 www.press.jhu.edu Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Luciak, Ilja A. After the Revolution : gender and democracy in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Guatemala /Ilja A. Luciak. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-8018-6780-0(pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Women in politics—Central America—Case studies. 2. Women revolutionaries—Central America—Case studies. 3. Democratization— Central America—Case studies. 4. Central America— Politics and government—1979–—Case studies. I. Title. hq1236.5.c35 L83 2001 306 2(cid:1)082(cid:1)09728—dc21 2001000677 A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Für Olena Contents List of Tables ix Preface and Acknowledgments xi List of Acronyms xxvii 1 The Gender Composition of the Central American Guerrilla Movements 1 2 Gender Equality and the Central American Peace Accords 32 3 Voices from the Salvadoran Grass Roots: A Case Study of San José Las Flores, Meanguera, and San Esteban Catarina 65 4 The Vanguard in Search of a New Identity: Incipient Democratization 95 5 Transforming the Party: Gender Equality in the Revolutionary Left 146 6 Gender Equality and Recent Elections 194 viii Contents Conclusion Gender Equality and Democratization 227 Notes 243 Bibliography 265 Index 283 Tables 1.1 Gender Composition of FMLN Membership by Demobilization Category 4 1.2 Gender Composition of FMLN Groups 5 1.3 Gender Composition of Demobilized FMLN Members by FMLN Group and Demobilization Category 6 1.4 Age Distribution of FMLN Combatants 8 1.5 Number of Demobilized Nicaraguan Resistance Fighters and Families by Zone of Demobilization 22 1.6 Composition of URNG Combatants by Group, 1997 25 1.7 Gender Composition of URNG by Demobilization Category, 1997 26 2.1 State of Land Transfer Program, March 1994 42 2.2 Gender Distribution of the Land Transfer Program Beneficiaries— Titled Private Properties, March 1996 44 2.3 Gender Composition of Reinsertion Programs 46 2.4 Gender Composition of Economic Reinsertion Program for FMLN Leaders and Middle-Level Officers 47 2.5 Land Distributed under the Chamorro Government, April 1990– March1992 52 2.6 Titled Properties by Department, September 1992–July 1993 54 4.1 FMLN Legislative Assembly Candidates for the 1994Elections by FMLN Group 98 4.2 Party Structure of the FMLN 99 4.3 Party Structure of the URNG 134 5.1 Gender Composition of the FMLN’s National Structures, 1992–2001 160
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