African American Pioneers of Sociology: A Critical History PDF
Preview African American Pioneers of Sociology: A Critical History
AFRICAN AMERICAN PIONEERS OF SOCIOLOGY: A CRITICAL HISTORY InAfrican American Pioneers of Sociology, Pierre Saint-Arnaud examines the lasting contributions that African Americans have made to the field of sociology. Arguing that social science is anything but a neutral con- struct, he defends the radical stances taken by early African American sociologists from unfair criticism by considering the racist historical context of the time in which these influential works were produced. Examining key figures such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Edward Franklin Fra- zier, Charles Spurgeon Johnson, Horace Roscoe Cayton, J.G. St Clair Drake, and Oliver Cromwell Cox, Saint-Arnaud reveals the ways in which these authors’ radical views on race, gender, religion, and class shaped the emerging academic discipline of sociology. Faithfully and elegantly translated from the original French, African American Pioneers of Sociology is an extraordinary study of the influence of African Amer- ican intellectuals and an essential work for understanding the origins and development of modern sociology. pierre saint-arnaud is a professor in the Department of Sociology at Université Laval. peter feldstein is a Montreal-based freelance translator who special- izes in literature, politics, and the sciences. This page intentionally left blank PIERRE SAINT-ARNAUD African American Pioneers of Sociology A Critical History Translated by Peter Feldstein UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London This work is a translation of L’invention de la sociologie noire aux États-Unis d'Amérique: Essai en sociologie de la connaissance scientifique, by Pierre Saint- Arnaud, published in 2003 by les Presses de l’Université Laval ©les Presses de l’Université Laval. © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2009 Toronto Buffalo London www.utppublishing.com Printed in Canada ISBN 978-0-8020-9122-2 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8020-9405-6 (paper) Printed on acid-free paper Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Saint-Arnaud, Pierre African American pioneers of sociology : a critical history / Pierre Saint-Arnaud ; translated by Peter Feldstein. Translation of: L’invention de la sociologie noire aux États-Unis d’Amérique. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8020-9122-2 (bound). ISBN 978-0-8020-9405-6 (pbk.) 1. Sociology – United States – History. 2. African American sociologists – History. 3. United States – Race relations – History. I. Feldstein, Peter, 1962– II. Title. HM477.U6S2513 2009 301(cid:99)(cid:17)08996073 C2008-905030-4 University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP). This book is dedicated to three people whom I had the good fortune to meet dur- ing my stay in Chicago – Bradley, a clerk at the University of Chicago’s Joseph Regenstein Library; Jacob, a vendor of the alternative weekly StreetWise, and Sally, a housekeeper at the establishment on East Delaware Street where I stayed – as well as to the millions of other African Americans whose individual and collective struggle for equality throughout modern history will remain an inspiration to me. This page intentionally left blank [O]ne can and must acknowledge that science is a thoroughly historical social fact without concluding that its productions are relative to the his- torical and social conditions of their emergence ... Pierre Bourdieu, Science of Science and Reflexivity Your country? How came it yours? Before the Pilgrims landed we were here. Our song, our toil, our cheer, and warning have been given to this nation in blood-brotherhood. Are not these gifts worth the giving? Is not this work and striving? Would America have been America without her Negro People? W.E.B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface xi Introduction 3 PART ONE:ANGLO-AMERICAN SOCIOLOGY AND THE RACE QUESTION 13 1 From the Civil War to the First World War 15 Sociological Theories of Race 22 From Biological Racism to Cultural Racism 36 From Race Problem to Race Relations 40 2 The Rise of the Chicago School 45 Origins of a Scientific Hothouse: 1892–1914 47 The Parkian Era 49 Park’s Theory of Race Relations 54 Alternative Positions in the Interwar Period 76 Park versus Warner: The Outcome of a Dispute 82 3 From the Second World War to the 1960s 85 The Sociopolitical Landscape 85 Race Relations after the War 88 An American Dilemma 90 Scholarly Reactions to Myrdal 103
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