Africa Case Studies in Operations Research: A Closer Look into Applications and Algorithms PDF
Preview Africa Case Studies in Operations Research: A Closer Look into Applications and Algorithms
Contributions to Management Science Hatem Masri Editor Africa Case Studies in Operations Research A Closer Look into Applications and Algorithms Contributions to Management Science The series Contributions to Management Science contains research publications in all fields of business and management science. These publications are primarily monographs and multiple author works containing new research results, and also featureselectedconference-basedpublicationsarealsoconsidered.Thefocusofthe seriesliesinpresentingthedevelopmentoflatesttheoreticalandempiricalresearch acrossdifferentviewpoints. ThisbookseriesisindexedinScopus. Hatem Masri Editor Africa Case Studies in Operations Research A Closer Look into Applications and Algorithms Editor HatemMasri CollegeofBusinessAdministration UniversityofBahrain Sakhir,Bahrain ISSN1431-1941 ISSN2197-716X (electronic) ContributionstoManagementScience ISBN978-3-031-17007-2 ISBN978-3-031-17008-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17008-9 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerland AG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Contents TravelingAdvisorProbleminOccupationalHealthandSafety FieldwithaCaseStudyfromEgypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SaidAliHassan,PrachiAgrawal,TalariGanesh,andAliWagdyMohamed DataEnvelopmentAnalysisforHealthcareSystemsAssessment: ReviewandApplicationsfromTunisia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 MarwaHasni,SafaBharLayeb,NajlaOmraneAissaoui, andAymenMannai ArtificialIntelligenceandOperationsResearchinaMiddleGround toSupportDecision-MakinginHealthcareSystemsinAfrica. . . . . . . . . 51 SafaElkefiandSafaBharLayeb ACODASDisaggregationApproachforUrbanRainwater Management.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . 71 MounaRegaiegCherifandHelaMoallaFrikha EvaluatingHowtheRegulatoryEcosystemPromotesEntrepreneurial ActivitiesinAfrica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 PawoumodomMatthiasTakouda,MohamedDia,AlassaneOuattara, andKonanVincentDePaulKouadio ExactResolutionforHealthcareFacilityLocationProblem: ACaseStudyoftheSpecificPharmacyofTunisia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 FatmaBenAmor,ManelKammoun,andTaicirLoukil ApplicationsofTransportationModelsinAfrica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 HoudaAlaya OperationsResearchCaseStudyPapersforAfrica: ABibliometricReview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 MajdiArgoubiandHatemMasri v vi Contents EconomicResilienceandForeignDevelopmentAid:Lessons fromSub-SaharanAfrica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 SomarAl-Mohammad,AmmarJreisat,MouradMessaadia, andAudilRashidKhaki FintechAdoptionforPovertyAlleviationinAfricanCountries: ApplicationofSupervisedMachineLearningApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 AudilRashidKhaki,MouradMessaadia,AmmarJreisat, andSomarAl-Mohammad Traveling Advisor Problem in Occupational Health and Safety Field with a Case Study from Egypt SaidAliHassan,PrachiAgrawal,TalariGanesh,andAliWagdyMohamed Abstract Numerous application problems are expressed as nonlinear binary pro- gramming models, which make it challenging to address them using precise methods, especially in cases where the dimensions are enormous. A new problem in network optimization known as theTraveling Advisor Problem (TAP) is one of thesepracticalapplications.Itisdefinedasanadvisorwhowantstoselectasubsetof candidate workplaces that comprise the most profitable route within the time con- straintsofdailyworkinghourstomaximizeprofitability. Toaddressbinaryoptimizationissues,thisarticlesuggestsanovelbinaryvariant oftheGaining-Sharingknowledge-based optimizationtechnique(GSK). The GSK algorithmisbuiltontheideaofhowpeoplelearnandimpartknowledgethroughout theirlives.Thebinarystagesofbinaryjuniorgaining-sharingstageandbinarysenior gaining-sharing stage with knowledge factor 1 are the fundamental components of thesharingknowledge-basedoptimizationmethod(BGSK).Thesetwophasesgive BGSallow BGSKciently and effectively explore and utilize the search space to addressissuesinbinaryspace. ANonlinearBinaryModelisintroducedwithadetailedrealapplicationexample; the example is solved using the novel Binary Gaining-Sharing knowledge-based optimization algorithm (BGSK). The obtained optimal solution is better than that providedbythehealthandsafetyagencymanagementinutilizingtheavailabletime andprofitability. S.A.Hassan DepartmentofOperationsResearchandDecisionSupport,FacultyofComputersandArtificial Intelligence,CairoUniversity,Giza,Egypt P.Agrawal·T.Ganesh DepartmentofMathematicsandScientificComputing,NationalInstituteofTechnology Hamirpur,Hamirpur,HimachalPradesh,India A.W.Mohamed(*) OperationsResearchDepartment,FacultyofGraduateStudiesforStatisticalResearch,Cairo University,Giza,Egypt DepartmentofMathematicsandActuarialScience,SchoolofSciencesEngineering,The AmericanUniversityinCairo,Cairo,Egypt ©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 1 H.Masri(ed.),AfricaCaseStudiesinOperationsResearch,Contributionsto ManagementScience,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17008-9_1 2 S.A.Hassanetal. 1 Introduction Workersareexposed tovarious risks while at work in every country on theglobe. They sustain injuries due to slips and falls, overexertion, exposure to dangerous chemicalsandmaterials,andmachineryuse.Physicalrisksincludenoise,vibration, andtrip,trip,andfallhazardsSalimandothers(2017).Chemicalrisksarepotentially harmful substances that could hurt workers, Bhusnure (2018). Biological dangers, whilebacteriaandviruseslikehepatitis,HIV/AIDS,andLegionnaire’sdisease,S.L. Sacaduraetal.(2018). The Health and Safety Advisor position aims to support and promote safety, health,andwell-beingacrossallfunctionalareasofbusinesses.Supportingthetenets of “Doing Safety Differently,” working with personnel and management to ensure compliancewithregulationsisachieved,andestablishingsuchaculture.Addition- ally, this position will conduct reviews, audits, and devising strategies for best practicesinhealthandsafetyCarnellandNebosh(2017). A new problem, which we will call the Traveling Advisor Problem (TAP) in network optimization,isdefinedas anadvisorwho wants tosettle on theforemost profitable route for visiting several candidate workplaces associated with a correspondingprofit.HebeginsfromtheOccupationalHealthandSafetyCompany Headquarter (HQ) and nextwantstogotoeachworkplaceexactlyoncewithinthe day working hours. The target of the TAP is to work out the route with maximum profitability for the company. This definition is somewhat resembling that of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and its variations with some basic indicated differences. Section2isdevotedtodemonstratingtheimportanceoftheOccupationalHealth and Safety and shining up the reality that workplace injuries and illnesses can be prevented or get smaller if management keeps health and safety regulations at the forefront for every job operation. This section reveals also the role and advices offeredbytheOccupationalandHealthAdvisortoorganizationsandworkplaces. Section 3 gives a brief review of the TSP and its variations like the problem of Traveling Salesman with Priority Prizes, Deliveries and Collections, Pickup and Delivery,Backhauls,Multipledepots,Specificationsofsalesmennumber,Problems with time windows and that with fixed charges. It deals also with problems like MultipleTravelingSalesman,GeneralizedTravelingSalesman,GeneralizedVehicle RoutingandTravelingRepairmanone.ThemaindifferencesbetweenTAPandthe TSPareillustrated. The mathematical model of a TAP with Single Advisor is designed in Sect. 4 includingthedefinitionofproblemvariables,constraints,andtheobjectivefunction. The proposed model is a Nonlinear Binary Model with a dimension depending on the number of candidate workplaces, the steps of the solution procedure are also explained. ArealpracticalexampleisexplainedinSect.5;itscompletemathematicalmodel is formulated including the definition of the binary decision variables, constraints TravelingAdvisorProbleminOccupationalHealthandSafetyFieldwith... 3 comprising: Positions, Workplaces, Sequencing Route Positions, Working Hours / Day,andthentheobjectivefunction. In Sect. 6, a novel Binary version of a recently developed gaining-sharing knowledge-based optimization algorithm (GSK) is introduced to solve the TAP. GSKcannotsolvetheproblemwithbinaryspace;therefore,Binary-Gaining-Sharing knowledge-basedoptimizationalgorithm(BGSK)isproposedwithtwonewbinary juniorandseniorstages.ThesestagesallowBGSKtoexploreandexploitthesearch spaceoftheproblemefficiently. Section 7 represents the experimental results of TAP obtained by BGSK, and Sect.8summarizestheconclusionsandthesuggestedpointsforfutureresearches. 2 Occupational Health and Safety Advisory Problem The importance of the Occupational Health and Safety appears clearly from the International Day ofMourningheld every year, whereInternational LaborOrgani- zationsandahugenumberofpeoplearecollectedaroundtheworldonApril28thto keepaneyeontheworkers’safety.TheDayofMourninghastwofold—toremind and respect, those who lost lives or wounded during the work and to continue the promise to hinder more deaths, wounding and sickness, by enhancing safety and healthintheplaceofwork. TheAssociationofWorkersandtheCompensationsBoardsofCanadastatethat approximately one thousand workers die, and about 250,000 workers suffer work- related injuries or diseases every year. Every year in Canada, more than 48,000 youngworkersundertheageof25areinjuredseriouslyenoughtorequiretimeoff fromwork. Therealityisthatworkplaceinjuriesandillnessescanbepreventedorgetsmaller if we keep health and safety at the forefront every day. Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) programs have been developed to protect workers and employers from incidents and occupational diseases related to the workplace. An OH&S program also outlines the roles and responsibilities of employers, supervisors, and workerswithintheworkplace. An OH&S program is a procedure for handling safety and health matters in the placeofworking.Itsbenefitsextendtoemployers,supervisors,andworkersinclud- ingthoseinsafer andhealthierworkenvironment,lower medicalcarecosts,lower insurance costs, increased work productivity and efficiency, increased profits and fewerwork-relatedtragedies. OH&S Acts andRegulations arelawsthat govern workplaces.They outline the rightsandresponsibilitiesoftheemployer,theworker,andthesupervisortoensure working environments are healthy and safe, Coady et al. (2015). Egyptian Law regulationsinthisfieldofstudyareenrolledunder theInternationalLaborOrgani- zationandtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),AwadandNourEl-Din(2018). The International Labor Organization website (2020) and the Egyptian labor code “Law12/2003”dedicateaspecificsection(BookV)toOH&Sandconfirmationof
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