Affirmative action and the university : race, ethnicity, and gender in higher education employment

277 Pages·2000·3.086 MB·English

by  Kul B Rai, John W Critzer

Affirmative Action
and the University

Kul B.Rai
and John W.Critzer
Affirmative Action
and the University
Race,Ethnicity,and
Gender in Higher Education
Employment
university of nebraska press
lincoln and london
© 2000by the University of Nebraska
Press. All rights reserved Manufac-
tured in the United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-
Publication Data. Rai, Kul B.
Affirmative action and the university :
race, ethnicity, and gender in higher
education employment / Kul B. Rai
and John W. Critzer.
p. cm. Includes bibliographical
references (p. ) and index.
isbn0-8032-3934-3 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Discrimination in higher education—
United States. 2. Minority college
teachers—Employment—United States.
3. Minority college administrators—
Employment—United States. 4. Affir-
mative action programs—United States.
I. Critzer, John W., 1947– II. Title.
lc212.42.r35 2000
378.1'2—dc21 99-30467 cip
Contents
List ofTables vii
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction:Race,Ethnicity,and Gender in America xiii
1 A History ofAffirmative Action 1
2 Inequality and Bureaucratic Representation
in Government Employment 20
3 Blacks in Higher Education Employment 35
4 White Women in Higher Education Employment 52
5 Hispanics in Higher Education Employment 68
6 Asians and Native Americans in Higher
Education Employment 82
7 Minority and Female Doctorates 104
8 The Political and Socioeconomic Determinants of
Higher Education Employment 122
9 Summary and Conclusions 134
Tables 149
Appendixes 181
Notes 223
Index 247

Tables
1. Black Full-Time Faculty 149
2. Newly Hired Tenure-Track Black Faculty 149
3. Black Full Professors 149
4. Black Administrators 150
5. Changes in Higher Education Employment 150
6. Blacks in “Other”Occupations in All Institutions 151
7. Blacks in “Other”Occupations in Public and Private Institutions 152
8. White Full-Time Faculty 153
9. Newly Hired Tenure-Track White Faculty 153
10. White Full Professors 153
11. White Administrators 154
12. Whites in “Other”Occupations in All Institutions 154
13. Whites in “Other”Occupations in Public and Private Institutions 155
14. Hispanic Full-Time Faculty 156
15. Newly Hired Tenure-Track Hispanic Faculty 156
16. Hispanic Full Professors 156
17. Hispanic Administrators 157
18. Hispanics in “Other”Occupations in All Institutions 157
19. Hispanics in “Other”Occupations in Public and Private Institutions 158
20. Asian Full-Time Faculty 159
21. Newly Hired Tenure-Track Asian Faculty 159
22. Asian Full Professors 159
23. Asian Administrators 160
24. Asians in “Other”Occupations in All Institutions 161
25. Asians in “Other”Occupations in Public and Private Institutions 162
26. Native American Full-Time Faculty 163
27. Newly Hired Tenure-Track Native American Faculty 163
28. Native American Full Professors 163
viii Tables
29. Native American Administrators 164
30. Native Americans in “Other”Occupations in All Institutions 164
31. Native Americans in “Other”Occupations in Public and Private Institutions 165
32. Doctorates Earned by Minorities and Whites 166
33. Minority and White Shares ofFaculty and Administrative Positions 167
34. Minority and White Shares ofNewly Hired Tenure-Track Faculty 168
35. Doctorates Awarded to Blacks 169
36. Doctorates Awarded to Hispanics 169
37. Doctorates Awarded to Asians 170
38. Doctorates Awarded to Whites 170
39. Doctorates Awarded to Hispanics and Asians 171
40. Doctorates Awarded to Native Americans 171
41. Multiple Regression Analysis:Male Public Faculty Representation Ratios 172
42. Multiple Regression Analysis:Female Public Faculty Representation Ratios 173
43. Multiple Regression Analysis:Male Public Faculty Participation Rates 174
44. Multiple Regression Analysis:Female Public Faculty Participation Rates 175
45. Multiple Regression Analysis:Male Private Faculty Representation Ratios 176
46. Multiple Regression Analysis:Female Private Faculty Representation Ratios 177
47. Multiple Regression Analysis:Male Private Faculty Participation Rates 178
48. Multiple Regression Analysis:Female Private Faculty Participation Rates 179
appendixes
Appendix 1. Participation Rates:Black Male Faculty 183
Appendix 2. Participation Rates:Black Female Faculty 184
Appendix 3. Participation Rates:Black Male Administrators 185
Appendix 4. Participation Rates:Black Female Administrators 186
Appendix 5. Participation Rates:White Female Faculty 187
Appendix 6. Participation Rates:White Male Faculty 188
Appendix 7. Participation Rates:White Female Administrators 189
Appendix 8. Participation Rates:White Male Administrators 190
Appendix 9. Participation Rates:Hispanic Male Faculty 191
Appendix 10. Participation Rates:Hispanic Female Faculty 192
Appendix 11. Participation Rates:Hispanic Male Administrators 193
Appendix 12. Participation Rates:Hispanic Female Administrators 194
Appendix 13. Participation Rates:Asian Male Faculty 195
Appendix 14. Participation Rates:Asian Female Faculty 196
Appendix 15. Participation Rates:Asian Male Administrators 197
Appendix 16. Participation Rates:Asian Female Administrators 198
Appendix 17. Participation Rates:Native American Male Faculty 199
Tables ix
Appendix 18. Participation Rates:Native American Female Faculty 200
Appendix 19. Participation Rates:Native American Male Administrators 201
Appendix 20. Participation Rates:Native American Female Administrators 202
Appendix 21. Representation Ratios:Black Male Faculty 203
Appendix 22. Representation Ratios:Black Female Faculty 204
Appendix 23. Representation Ratios:Black Male Administrators 205
Appendix 24. Representation Ratios:Black Female Administrators 206
Appendix 25. Representation Ratios:White Female Faculty 207
Appendix 26. Representation Ratios:White Male Faculty 208
Appendix 27. Representation Ratios:White Female Administrators 209
Appendix 28. Representation Ratios:White Male Administrators 210
Appendix 29. Representation Ratios:Hispanic Male and Female Faculty 211
Appendix 30. Representation Ratios:Hispanic Faculty,1991212
Appendix 31. Representation Ratios:Hispanic Male and Female Administrators 213
Appendix 32. Representation Ratios:Hispanic Administrators,1991214
Appendix 33. Representation Ratios:Asian Male Faculty 215
Appendix 34. Representation Ratios:Asian Female Faculty 216
Appendix 35. Representation Ratios:Asian Male Administrators 217
Appendix 36. Representation Ratios:Asian Female Administrators 218
Appendix 37. Representation Ratios:Native American Male Faculty 219
Appendix 38. Representation Ratios:Native American Female Faculty 220
Appendix 39. Representation Ratios:Native American Male Administrators 221
Appendix 40.Representation Ratios:Native American Female Administrators 222