Aeschylus: Libation Bearers COMPANIONS TO GREEK AND ROMAN TRAGEDY Series Editor: Thomas Harrison Aeschylus: Agamemnon, Barbara Goward Aeschylus: Eumenides, Robin Mitchell-Boyask Aeschylus: Persians, David Rosenbloom Aeschylus: Prometheus Bound, I. A. Ruffell Aeschylus: Seven Against Thebes, Isabelle Torrance Aeschylus: Suppliants, Thalia Papadopoulou Euripides: Alcestis, Niall W. Slater Euripides: Bacchae, Sophie Mills Euripides: Hecuba, Helene P. Foley Euripides: Heracles, Emma Griffiths Euripides: Hippolytus, Sophie Mills Euripides: Ion, Lorna Swift Euripides: Iphigenia at Aulis, Pantelis Michelakis Euripides: Medea, William Allan Euripides: Orestes, Matthew Wright Euripides: Phoenician Women, Thalia Papadopoulou Euripides: Suppliant Women, Ian Storey Euripides: Trojan Women, Barbara Goff Seneca: Hercules Furens, Neil W. Bernstein Seneca: Phaedra, Roland Mayer Seneca: Oedipus, Susanna Braund Seneca: Thyestes, Peter Davis Sophocles: Antigone, Douglas Cairns Sophocles: Ajax, Jon Hesk Sophocles: Electra, Michael Lloyd Sophocles: Oedipus at Colonus, Adrian Kelly Sophocles: Philoctetes, Hanna Roisman Sophocles: Women of Trachis, Brad Levett Aeschylus: Libation Bearers C. W. Marshall Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2017 © C. W. Marshall, 2017 C. W. Marshall has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the author. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-1-4742-5507-3 PB: 978-1-4742-5506-6 ePDF: 978-1-4742-5509-7 ePub: 978-1-4742-5508-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Series: Companions to Greek and Roman Tragedy Cover image © Paestan Red-Figure Neck Amphora. Digital image courtesy of the Getty’s Open Content Program. Typeset by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NN for Hallie and Jonah vi Contents List of tables ix Preface x 1 Theatre and Theodicy 1 1.1 Aeschylus 5 1.2 Justice in Athens 9 1.3 The Theatre of Dionysus 14 1.4 Myth and Religion 21 2 Reperformance and Recognition 27 2.1 Offerings at a Tomb 28 2.2 Recognition Tokens 36 2.3 The Avenger 41 2.4 Aeschylus in the 420s 46 2.5 Further Libations 52 3 Chorus and Character 61 3.1 The Great Kommos 65 3.2 The Ghost and the Dream 76 3.3 Evil Women 83 3.4 On the Threshold 92 3.5 Electra 96 4 Matricide and Madness 103 4.1 Cilissa 103 4.2 Stasimon and Structure 107 4.3 Aegisthus 113 4.4 Pylades 116 4.5 Bloodguilt 123 4.6 Humour and Tragedy 126 4.7 Furies 131 viii Contents Appendix: Ancient Illustrations of Libation Bearers 139 Glossary of Greek and Technical Terms 147 Guide to Further Reading 149 Selected Chronology 151 Notes 153 Bibliography 170 Index 180 List of tables Table 1 Strophic choral songs in Libation Bearers 64 Table 2 Structural diagram of the kommos (LB 306–478) 69 Table 3 Structural outline of Libation Bearers 109