Aerospace Technologies Advancements

514 Pages·2010·48.465 MB·English

by  Thawar T. Arif

Aerospace Technologies
Advancements

Aerospace Technologies
Advancements

Edited by
Dr. Thawar T. Arif
Intech
IV

Published by Intech

Intech
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First published January 2010
Printed in India

Technical Editor: Teodora Smiljanic
Cover designed by Dino Smrekar

Aerospace Technologies Advancements, Edited by Dr. Thawar T. Arif
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-7619-96-1
Preface

Space technology has become increasingly important after the great development and
rapid progress in information and communication technology as well as the technology of
space exploration. This book deals with the latest and most prominent research in space
technology.
The first part of the book (first six chapters) deals with the algorithms and software
used in information processing, communications and control of spacecrafts.
The second part (chapters 7 to 10) deals with the latest research on the space structures.
The third part (chapters 11 to 14) deals with some of the latest applications in space.
The fourth part (chapters 15 and 16) deals with small satellite technologies.
The fifth part (chapters 17 to 20) deals with some of the latest applications in the field of
aircrafts.
The sixth part (chapters 21 to 25) outlines some recent research efforts in different
subjects.
The following is a brief description of the subjects that are covered in each chapter:
Chapter 1 reviews some examples of how machine learning is useful for Geoscience
and remote sensing.
Chapter 2 describes how reuse activities can fit into building the next generation of
aerospace data processing systems by providing guidance on methods for improving reuse
practices in order to realize the benefits of reuse.
Chapter 3 introduces reconfigurable computing as an emerging technology with
important implications for space systems.
Chapter 4 presents the decentralized minimal controller synthesis as an effective
algorithm for controlling the spacecraft attitude.
Chapter 5 presents the benefits of commercially available FPGA development platforms
from Xilinx for the development of NASA’s future on-board processing capabilities.
Chapter 6 describes the employed mitigation techniques for the A3P product family, to
attain the radiation levels of the RT-product and presents the results issued from the Total
Ionizing Dose and the Single Event Effects characterization of both of the A3P and the A3PL
(the Low-Power version of ProASIC3).
Chapter 7 defines a framework for Evolving Systems, develops theory and control
solutions for fundamental characteristics of Evolving Systems, and provides illustrative
examples of Evolving Systems and their control with adaptive key component controllers.
Chapter 8 provides a thorough end-to-end description of the process for evaluation of
three different data-driven algorithms for anomaly detection to select the best candidate for
deployment as part of a suite of IVHM (Integrated Vehicle Health Management)
technologies.
VI
Chapter 9 aims at proving the feasibility of low-cost satellites using COTS (Commercial
Off The Shelf) devices.
Chapter 10 presents a literature survey on robot mobility systems for planetary surface
exploration.
Chapter 11 outlines the Multi-platform Atmospheric Sounding Testbed (MAST) which
is an end-to-end simulation environment at Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Chapter 12 describes recent U.S. technology investments in electric propulsion thrusters
with emphasis on mission application and low-thrust mission design for interplanetary
trajectories and geosynchronous transfer using primary electric propulsion.
Chapter 13 presents Radio occultation, which is a remote sensing sounding technique in
which a radio frequency signal emitted from a spacecraft passes through an intervening
planetary atmosphere before arriving at the receiver.
Chapter 14 reports the progress in the development of the real time failure detection
and prognostics technique which is used for the solid rocket motors.
Chapter 15 describes in details the design of Low-cost Telecommunications
CubeSatclass Spacecraft by using one digital signal processor with multitasking operating
system which integrates all the intelligences of the satellite.
Chapter 16 explores the future of system engineering of microsatellites.
Chapter 17 discusses an open question in air traffic management that is whether or not
algorithms can be realistically shown to meat Federal Aviation Administration in USA.
Chapter 18 presents the application of ray tracing techniques, which are based on
geometric optics, to model an IEEE 802.11a wireless system propagation map.
Chapter 19 proposes to measure the impacts of the use of new technology sensors in the
tracking systems currently used for Air Traffic Control applications.
Chapter 20 presents a regime recognition algorithm developed based on hidden
Markov model for Helicopter usage monitoring.
Chapter 21 outlines some progresses made in simulating dragonfly compound eye
imaging system, establishing elementary mathematical model developing compound eye
equipment and introducing the electronic image stabilization.
Chapter 22 introduces a new technique that could be used with the blind or non blind
adaptive algorithms to enhance their performance.
Chapter 23 presents an improved cloud detection technique at South China Sea.
Chapter 24 introduces a new tunable filter concept for potential application in
multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems.
Chapter 25 presents how to estimate the value imbedded in the risk transfer from the
contractor to the government in a Multi-Year government Procurement (MYP) contract
using real options analysis.

Editor
Dr. Thawar T. Arif
Applied Science University
Jordan
Contents

Preface V

Part I

1. Artificial Intelligence in Aerospace 001
David John Lary

2. Building the Next Generation of Aerospace Data Processing Systems 025
by Reusing Existing Software Components
James J. Marshall, Robert R. Downs, and Shahin Samadi

3. Reconfigurable Computing for Space 037
Donohoe, Gregory W. and Lyke, James C.

4. Spacecraft Attitude Control 051
Thawar Arif

5. Advancing NASA’s On-Board Processing Capabilities with 069

Reconfigurable FPGA Technologies
Paula J. Pingree

6. New Reprogrammable and Non-Volatile Radiation-Tolerant 087
FPGA: RT ProASIC®3
Sana Rezgui

Part II

7. Evolving Systems and Adaptive Key Component Control 115
Susan A. Frost and Mark J. Balas

8. Evaluation of Anomaly Detection Capability for Ground-Based 141
Pre-Launch Shuttle Operations
Rodney A. Martin, Ph.D.
VIII
9. Design Solutions for Modular Satellite Architectures 165
Leonardo M. Reyneri, Claudio Sansoè, Claudio Passerone,
Stefano Speretta, Maurizio Tranchero, Marco Borri, and Dante Del Corso

10. Robot Mobility Systems for Planetary Surface Exploration – 189
State-of-the-Art and Future Outlook: A Literature Survey
Aravind Seeni, Bernd Schäfer and Gerd Hirzinger

Part III

11. Multi-Platform Atmospheric Sounding Testbed (MAST) 209
Meemong Lee, Richard Weidner and Kevin Bowman

12. Low-thrust Propulsion Technologies, Mission Design, and Application 219

John W. Dankanich

13. Global GNSS Radio Occultation Mission for Meteorology, 241
Ionosphere & Climate
Nick L. Yen, Chen-Joe Fong, Chung-Huei Chu, Jiun-Jih Miau,
Yuei-An Liou, and Ying-Hwa Kuo

14. Integrated Vehicle Health Management for Solid Rocket Motors 259
D.G. Luchinsky, V.V. Osipov, V.N. Smelyanskiy, I. Kulikov,
A. Patterson-Hein, B. Hayashida, M. Watson, D. Shook,
M. Johnson, S. Hyde and J. Shipley

Part IV

15. Design of Low-cost Telecommunications 293
CubeSat-class Spacecraft
Adnane Addaim, Abdelhaq Kherras and El Bachir Zantou

16. Looking into Future - Systems Engineering of Microsatellites 319
H. Bonyan

Part V

17. An Aircraft Separation Algorithm with Feedback and Perturbation 339
White, Allan L.

18. Modelling of the Wireless Propagation 361
Characteristics inside Aircraft
Carl James Debono, Reuben A. Farrugia and Keith Chetcuti
IX
19. Air Traffic Control Tracking Systems Performance Impacts 379
with New Surveillance Technology Sensors
Baud Olivier, Gomord Pierre, Honoré Nicolas, Lawrence Peter,
Ostorero Loïc, Paupiah Sarah and Taupin Olivier

20. A Regime Recognition Algorithm for Helicopter Usage Monitoring 391
David He, Shenliang Wu and Eric Bechhoefer

Part VI

21. A New Method of High Temporal Resolution Remote Sensing Imaging: 405
Moving Target Detection with Bionics Compound Eye
Lei Yan, Pengqi Gao, Huabo Sun and Hongying Zhao

22. Adaptive Beamforming Algorithm Using a Pre-filtering System 417
Omar Abu-Ella and Bashir El-Jabu

23. Improved Cloud Detection Technique at South China Sea 447
Ng Hou Guan, Mohd.Zubir Mat Jafri and Khiruddin Abdullah

24. MEMS Tunable Resonant Leaky-Mode Filters 463
for Multispectral Imaging Applications
Robert Magnusson and Mehrdad Shokooh-Saremi

25. A Real Options Approach to Valuing the Risk Transfer 475
in a Multi-Year Procurement Contract
Scot A. Arnold and Marius S. Vassiliou