Aerospace Radionavigation Systems: Electromagnetic Compatibility

216 Pages·2022·5.619 MB·English

by  Dmitry Alexandrovich Zatuchny, Grigory Grigoryevich Negreskul, Oleg Ivanovich Sauta, Artem Yuryevich Shatrakov, Yuri Grigoryevich Shatrakov

Springer Aerospace Technology
Dmitry Alexandrovich Zatuchny
Grigory Grigoryevich Negreskul
Oleg Ivanovich Sauta
Artem Yuryevich Shatrakov
Yuri Grigoryevich Shatrakov
Aerospace
Radionavigation
Systems
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Springer Aerospace Technology
Series Editors
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·
Dmitry Alexandrovich Zatuchny
·
Grigory Grigoryevich Negreskul
·
Oleg Ivanovich Sauta
·
Artem Yuryevich Shatrakov
Yuri Grigoryevich Shatrakov
Aerospace Radionavigation
Systems
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Dmitry Alexandrovich Zatuchny Grigory Grigoryevich Negreskul
Moscow State Technical University of Civil St. Petersburg State University
Aviation of Aerospace Instrumentation
Moscow, Russia St. Petersburg, Russia
Oleg Ivanovich Sauta Artem Yuryevich Shatrakov
St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg State University
of Aerospace Instrumentation of Aerospace Instrumentation
St. Petersburg, Russia St. Petersburg, Russia
Yuri Grigoryevich Shatrakov
St. Petersburg State University
of Aerospace Instrumentation
St. Petersburg, Russia
ISSN 1869-1730 ISSN 1869-1749 (electronic)
Springer Aerospace Technology
ISBN 978-981-19-6340-7 ISBN 978-981-19-6341-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6341-4
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Preface
The composition of radio engineering complexes used in ground-based radio navi-
gation and radar systems, as well as on the boards of modern aircraft, in marine
ship complexes, and on space objects is constantly expanding and becoming more
complex. New radar stations, communication and radio navigation systems, depen-
dent surveillance and warning equipment, systems indicating the ownership of
objects, systems for automatic security and location assessment, radio interference,
etc. are constantly being put into operation. In these conditions, ensuring the stable
and reliable operation of integrated radio systems is much more complicated. When
the equipment and systems of integrated complexes are separated in time, or when
restrictions are imposed on their functional parameters, the task of ensuring elec-
tromagnetic compatibility of the systems included in the complex is simplified.
However, this is not always possible to ensure in practice, since in some cases radio
equipment either must work constantly, or its radiation cannot be limited based on
the requirements for the principle of its operation. In addition, there is always a high
probability of exposure to external interference of various types, the full set of which
cannot be taken into account when building a complex system operating in a wide
radio frequency range. And although by now basic standards for the resistance of
radio equipment to interference have been developed and put into effect, methods for
its verification and testing methods have been proposed and created, but the problem
of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility remains quite acute, and teams of devel-
opers of radio-electronic equipment, integrated systems, and complexes are forced
to pay special attention to it. Moreover, in all modern tactical and technical require-
ments for the creation and modernization of radio equipment, there is a special section
where, on the basis of existing standards, norms, methods of testing, and testing of
equipment for the stability of its operation under the influence of electromagnetic
interference are formulated.
The work of specialists at all levels in the field of ensuring electromagnetic
compatibility of radio-electronic equipment is impossible without fundamental scien-
tific and engineering ideas about the basic principles of ensuring electromagnetic
compatibility of radio-technical systems and complexes. Therefore, this monograph,
prepared by a team of scientists and engineers with extensive practical experience in
v
vi Preface
solving the problems under consideration, can be used both as reference and scien-
tific and methodological recommendations for engineers-developers of integrated
radio engineering systems, and as a technical manual for students and postgraduates
of radio engineering specialties.
Moscow, Russia Dmitry Alexandrovich Zatuchny
St. Petersburg, Russia Grigory Grigoryevich Negreskul
St. Petersburg, Russia Oleg Ivanovich Sauta
St. Petersburg, Russia Artem Yuryevich Shatrakov
St. Petersburg, Russia Yuri Grigoryevich Shatrakov
Introduction
The solution to the problem of electromagnetic compatibility of radio-electronic
complexes and systems allows ensuring the stable operation of all radio-technical
systems. This issue is given special attention in radio engineering. To date, many
documents have been developed that regulate the standards for ensuring electro-
magnetic compatibility of radio-electronic equipment in complexes and methods of
its testing. In universities, radio engineering departments give courses of lectures on
ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of radio-electronic complexes. However, due
to the complexity of the problem under consideration, specialists, students, and post-
graduates need a deep understanding of the basic principles used in solving problems
of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility when creating equipment integrations.
Therefore, in this monograph, special attention is paid to
.
methods for assessing the electromagnetic compatibility of radio-electronic
complexes;
.
methods for obtaining information about unintentional interference in radio-
electronic complexes;
.
development of the theory of predicting unintentional interference in radio-
electronic complexes;
.
evaluation of the experimental characteristics that determine the electromagnetic
compatibility of the equipment in the complex;
.
methods for calculating complex transmitting devices in terms of reducing out-
of-band radiation;
.
assessment of the electromagnetic compatibility of on-board equipment on
aircraft;
.
modern requirements for electromagnetic compatibility in civil aviation.
vii
Contents
1 Methods for Evaluating the Electromagnetic Compatibility
of Integrated Ground Systems and On-Board Systems ............ 1
1.1 Evaluation of Electromagnetic Compatibility of Integrated
Ground Complexes in the Presence of Spurious Emissions ..... 1
1.2 Side Radiation in Systems When Using Platinotron
Generator ............................................... 3
1.3 Forecasting of Characteristics of Electromagnetic
Compatibility Transmission Devices of Radio-Electronic
Means .................................................. 8
1.3.1 Statement of the Problem .......................... 8
1.3.2 Methods for Reducing the Relative Level of Side
Radiation ........................................ 9
1.4 Evaluation of Electromagnetic Environment by Predicting
Results ................................................. 10
1.5 Regulatory Documents on Assessment of Electromagnetic
Compatibility ............................................ 11
1.6 Out-of-Band Radiation in Integrated Complexes
with Pulse-Code Modulation ............................... 13
References .................................................... 17
2 Method of Obtaining Information from Unintentional
Interference in Radar Systems and Radio Navigation Systems
with a Generator M-type ....................................... 19
2.1 The Possibility of Predicting Spurious Emissions, Due
to the Microwave Generator of the M-type ................... 19
2.2 Analysis of Methods for “Cold” Measurements
of the Spatial-Harmonic Structure of the Field
in Decelerating Systems ................................... 22
2.3 Method for Studying the Field Structure Using Devices
for Undistorted Reproduction of the Spectrum of Spatial
Harmonics .............................................. 27
ix
x Contents
2.4 Estimation of Distortions in Processing Information About
the Field Structure in Ring Resonator Systems Associated
with the Presence of a Receiving Antenna (Capacitive
Probe) .................................................. 30
2.5 The Radiation Efficiency of a Short Vibratory and Slot
Antennas ................................................ 35
2.6 The Choice of Output Heterogeneity in Platinotrons
Generator (Stabilitron) .................................... 36
2.6.1 Statement of the Problem .......................... 36
2.6.2 Estimation of Parameters of Output Heterogeneity
in the “Cold” of an Oscillatory System Stabilitron ..... 36
2.6.3 Calculation of Parameters of Output Heterogeneity .... 38
2.7 Evaluation of Transient Processes in Microwave Generators
with a Resonant Feedback Circuit .......................... 41
2.7.1 Statement of the Problem .......................... 41
2.7.2 Relationship Between the Processes
of Establishing the Amplitude and Phase
of Oscillations in the Single-Mode Generation ........ 42
2.7.3 Calculation of the Process of Establishing
the Working Type of Vibrations in a Stabilotron ....... 45
2.8 Pulse-Code Modulator for the Microwave Generator
of the M-type ............................................ 47
2.9 Tunable Ultra-High-Frequency Generator .................... 50
References .................................................... 52
3 Theory of Predicting Unintended Interference of Radar
and Radio Navigation Equipment Due to the Properties
of the Oscillatory System of the Microwave Generator Used ....... 55
3.1 Phenomena of Interaction of Waves in the Oscillatory
System of a Platinum-Electron Generator .................... 55
3.2 The Study of Wave Interactions in the Model-Related Lines .... 60
3.3 The Mechanism of Excitation of Side Oscillations Due
to a Violation of the Periodicity of the Slow Wave System
of Stabilitron ............................................ 64
3.4 The Technique of Reduction of the Relative Level
of Spurious Emissions .................................... 65
References .................................................... 67
4 Experimental Research Characteristics that Determine
the Electromagnetic Compatibility of Radio Electronic
Systems Using the Space-Harmonic Analysis ..................... 69
4.1 Experimental Technique with the Use of Reference ........... 69
4.2 Experimental Study of Fast Wave Excitation Conditions
in the Oscillatory System of a Platinum-Electron Generator .... 71
4.3 Comparison of Results of Dynamic Tests and “Cold”
Measurements ........................................... 74