Advocacy

249 Pages·1999·0.55 MB·English

by  Andy Boon

C
P
Cavendish
Publishing
Limited

Andy Boon, LLB, MA, PGCE, PhD, Solicitor
Head of School of Law
University of Westminster
SERIES EDITOR
Julie Macfarlane, BA, LLM, PhD
Associate Professor of Law
University of Windsor, Ontario
C
P
Cavendish
Publishing
Limited
First published in Great Britain 1993 by Cavendish Publishing Limited,
The Glass House, Wharton Street, London, WC1X 9PX,
United Kingdom
Telephone: [phone] Facsimile: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
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© Boon, A 1999
First Edition 1993
Second Edition 1999
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning
or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright Designs and
Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the
Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London
W1P 9HE, UK, without the prior permission in writing of the
publisher.
Boon, Andy
Advocacy – 2nd ed – (Legal skills series)
1 Representation in administrative proceedings – England
2 Representation in administrative proceedings – Wales
I Title
347.4'2'052
ISBN 1 85941 485 0
Printed and bound in Great Britain
v
Contents
1
Editor’s Introduction xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction xvi
1 Presenting to Persuade 1
1.1 Elements of persuasion 1
1.2 A sense of audience 2
1.3 Planning and organisation 2
1.4 Structure and organisation 7
1.5 Personal style 7
1.6 Voice 8
1.7 Words 8
1.8 Words for impact 10
1.9 Emotion 13
1.10 Repetition 13
1.11 Pacing 14
1.12 Pauses 14
1.13 Posture 15
1.14 Interaction 15
1.15 Body language 16
1.16 Appearance 17
1.17 Confidence and nerves 18
1.18 Elements of competent performance 19
vi Advocacy
1.19 Narrative 22
1.20 Summary 25
1.21 End of chapter references and additional reading 26
2 Conduct 29
2.1 The lawyer and the client 29
2.2 The lawyer and the court 33
2.3 Conflicts 36
2.4 Lawyers and witnesses 37
2.5 Summary 40
2.6 End of chapter references and additional reading 41
3 Planning 45
3.1 The client 45
3.2 Planning contexts 47
3.3 Planning to use witness evidence 49
3.4 Developing a hypothesis 54
3.5 A theory of the case 60
3.6 Organising materials 62
3.7 Keeping materials 63
3.8 Finally – narrative or story-telling 64
3.9 Summary 67
3.10 End of chapter references and additional reading 68
4 Opening 71
4.1 Introductions 71
4.2 Criminal courts 73
Contents vii
4.3 Style 74
4.4 Structuring prosecution openings 75
4.5 Structuring defence openings 82
4.6 Structuring openings in civil cases 85
4.7 Summary 86
4.8 End of chapter references and additional reading 87
5 Questioning 89
5.1 Context 89
5.2 Open and closed questions 90
5.3 Hypothetical questions 90
5.4 Leading questions 91
5.5 Leading questions in cross-examination 92
5.6 A sequence of three questions 93
5.7 Probing, insinuating and confrontational questions 94
5.8 Ridicule, repetition and rivetting 98
5.9 Enlivening testimony 100
5.10 Pitfalls 101
5.11 Examination-in-chief 102
5.12 Organisation 102
5.13 Leading questions in examination-in-chief 104
5.14 Introducing real evidence 106
5.15 Anticipating cross-examination 108
5.16 Summary 110
5.17 End of chapter references and additional reading 111
viii Advocacy
6 Cross-examining 113
6.1 Aims 113
6.2 Organisation 114
6.3 Style 115
6.4 Strategy 118
6.5 Duties of the advocate in cross-examination 120
6.6 Relating oral evidence to previous statements 121
6.7 A choice of strategies for cross-examination 122
6.8 Ending a cross-examination 126
6.9 Cross-examining expert witnesses 127
6.10 Cross-examining police officers 132
6.11 Re-examination 133
6.12 Summary 134
6.13 End of chapter references and additional reading 135
7 Summarising and Concluding 137
7.1 The importance of summary 137
7.2 Closing speeches to juries 137
7.3 Closing speeches to juries for the defence 139
7.4 Closing speeches to juries for the prosecution 147
7.5 Summary 149
7.6 End of chapter references and additional reading 150
8 Advocacy in Practice 1 151
8.1 Context 151
8.2 Preparing for a bail application 152
8.3 Structure 154
Contents ix
8.4 Style 155
8.5 Context 156
8.6 Procedure 160
8.7 Lessons from research 162
8.8 The audience 165
8.9 Preparation 166
8.10 Structure of a plea in mitigation 168
8.11 Content 168
8.12 Style 169
8.13 After sentence 171
8.14 End of chapter references and additional reading 175
9 Advocacy in Practice 2 177
9.1 Context 177
9.2 Preparing for an interlocutory application 177
9.3 Simulation exercise 178
9.4 Evaluating your performance 186
9.5 Reading in support of the exercise 188
10 Evaluation and Reflection 189
10.1 Reporting back to your client 189
10.2 Continuing to learn from your own experiences 189
10.3 Finding practice exercises 190
10.4 Giving and receiving criticism 196
10.5 In conclusion: evaluating the
Chiandras simulation exercise 198
10.6 End of chapter references and additional reading 200