Adventure Sport Physiology

457 Pages·25.647 MB·English

by  Draper N., Hodgson Ch.

A
DVENTURE
SPORT
PHYSIOLOGY

A
DVENTURE
SPORT
PHYSIOLOGY
Nick Draper
University of Canterbury, NZ
Chris Hodgson
University of Chichester, UK
AJohnWiley&SonsLtd.,Publication
Thiseditionfirstpublished2008
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Draper,Nick(Nicholas)
Adventuresportphysiology/NickDraper,ChrisHodgson.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-01510-0(cloth)–ISBN978-0-470-01511-7(pbk.)
1. Sports–Physiologicalaspects.2. Humanphysiology.3.
Body,Human.
I. Hodgson,Chris.II. Title.
RC1235.D732008
613.7(cid:1)1–dc22
2008021443
ISBN978-0470-01510-0(HB) 978-0470-01511-7(PB)
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Contents
Acknowledgements xi
Preface xiii
Part I: The Foundations of Adventure Sport Physiology 1
1. A historical perspective: the context of adventure
physiology 3
1.1 Theearliestphysiologists 3
1.2 Thefoundersofexercisephysiology 11
1.3 Thedevelopmentofenvironmentalphysiology 13
1.4 Theoriginsofadventurephysiology 15
1.5 Thedevelopmentofadventuresports 18
2. Nutrition for health and performance 31
2.1 Introductiontonutrition 31
2.2 Carbohydrates 39
2.3 Fats 43
2.4 Proteins 49
2.5 Vitamins 54
2.6 Minerals 58
2.7 Water 61
2.8 Digestion 62
2.9 Componentsofahealthybalanceddiet 64
2.10 Summaryandstudyquestions 68
3. The structure and functioning of the human body 71
3.1 Thecellularbasisforlife 71
3.2 Skeletalsystem 80
3.3 Nervoussystem 84
3.4 Endocrinesystem 96
3.5 Summaryandstudyquestions 102
4. Fundamental systems for adventure sports 105
4.1 Muscularsystem 105
4.2 Respiratorysystem 121
viii CONTENTS
4.3 Cardiovascularsystem 133
4.4 Energysystems 145
4.5 Summaryandstudyquestions 151
5. Training fundamentals 155
5.1 Introductiontotrainingmethodology 155
5.2 Developinganddesigningtrainingprogrammes 176
5.3 Summaryandstudyquestions 194
Part II: The Physiological Demands of Adventure Sports 197
6. Power and power endurance: the explosive activities 199
6.1 Introduction 199
6.2 Musclefibretypes 200
6.3 Thephosphagensystem 204
6.4 Physiologicalresponsetopowerandpowerenduranceactivities
andfatigue 211
6.5 Physiologicaladaptationstopowertraining 218
6.6 Nutritionalergogenicaidstopowerperformance 219
6.7 Summaryandstudyquestions 223
7. Anaerobic endurance: the lactate tolerance and
management activities 227
7.1 Introduction 227
7.2 Glycolysis 228
7.3 Physiologicalresponsetoanaerobicenduranceactivities
andfatigue 239
7.4 Physiologicaladaptationstoanaerobicendurancetraining 245
7.5 Nutritionalergogenicaidstoanaerobicperformance 246
7.6 Sport-specificphysiology 248
7.7 Summaryandstudyquestions 257
8. Intermittent adventure activities 261
8.1 Introduction 261
8.2 Physiologyofintermittentactivities 262
8.3 Trainingandrecoveryinintermittentactivity 267
8.4 Nutritionandergogenicaidsforintermittentactivities 268
8.5 Waterimmersion 271
8.6 Thephysiologyofwater-basedadventuresports 282
8.7 Summaryandstudyquestions 295
9. Aerobic endurance part 1: high-intensity activities 299
9.1 Introduction 299
9.2 Aerobic-anaerobictransitionandlactatethreshold 300
9.3 Physiologicalresponsetohigh-intensityenduranceactivities 307
CONTENTS ix
9.4 Physiologicaladaptationstotraining 318
9.5 Nutritionalergogenicaidstoaerobicperformance 320
9.6 Physiologicalchallengeofthermalstress 323
9.7 Thephysiologyofland-basedadventuresports 333
9.8 Thephysiologyofwater-basedadventuresports 336
9.9 Summaryandstudyquestions 346
10. Aerobic endurance part 2: lower-intensity activities 351
10.1 Introduction 351
10.2 Aerobicsystem 352
10.3 Physiologicalresponsetolowerintensityenduranceactivities 373
10.4 Physiologicaladaptationstotraining 376
10.5 Nutritionalergogenicaidstoaerobicperformance 377
10.6 Theeffectsofhyperbaricandhypobaricconditiononperformance 382
10.7 Thephysiologyofmountaineering 396
10.8 Summaryandstudyquestions 406
References 411
Index 429