Advances in Urban Stormwater and Agricultural Runoff Source Controls PDF
Preview Advances in Urban Stormwater and Agricultural Runoff Source Controls
Advances in Urban Stormwater and Agricultural Runoff Source Controls NATO Science Series ASeriespresentingtheresultsofscientificmeetingssupportedundertheNATOScience Programme. TheSeriesispublishedby10SPress,Amsterdam,andKluwerAcademicPublishersinconjunction withtheNATOScientificAffairsDivision Sub-Series 1. UfeandBehaviouralSciences 10SPress II. Mathematics,Physicsand Chemistry KluwerAcademic Publishers III.Computerand SystemsScience 10SPress IV.EarthandEnvironmentalSciences KluwerAcademic Publishers V. ScienceandTechnologyPolicy 10SPress TheNATOScienceSeriescontinuestheseriesofbookspublishedformerlyastheNATOASISeries. The NATOScience Programme offers support for collaboration incivil science between scientists of countries ofthe Euro-AtlanticPartnership Council.Thetypesofscientificmeeting generally supported are"AdvancedStudyInstitutes"and"AdvancedResearchWorkshops",althoughothertypesofmeeting aresupportedfromtimetotime.TheNATOScienceSeries collectstogether theresultsofthese mee tings.The meetings are co-organized bijscientists from NATOcountries and scientists from NATO's Partnercountries- countriesoftheCISandCentralandEasternEurope. AdvancedStudyInstltutesarehigh-Ieveltutorialcoursesofferingin-depthstudyoflatestadvances in afield. AdvancedResearchWorkshopsareexpertmeetingsaimedatcriticalassessmentofafield,andiden tificationofdirectionsforfutureaction. As aconsequence ofthe restructuringofthe NATOScience Programme in1999,the NATOScience Serieshasbeenre-organisedandtherearecurrentlyfivesub-seriesasnotedabove.Pleaseconsultthe followingwebsitesforinformationonpreviousvolumespublishedintheSeries,aswellasdetailsofear liersub-series. http://www.nato.inUscience http://www.wkap.nl http://www.iospress.nl http://www.wtv-books.de/nato-pco.htm I -~ 'W" I SeriesIV:EarthandEnvironmentalSeries- Val. 6 Advances in Urban Stormwater and Agricultural Runoff Source Controls editedby Jiri Marsalek NationalWaterResearchInstitute, Burlington,Ontario,Canada EdWatt Queen'sUniversity, Kingston,Ontario,Canada Evzen Zeman DHIHydroinforma.s., Prague,CzechRepublic and Heiko Sieker IngenieurgesellschaftPraf.Dr.SiekermbH, Berlin,Germany Springer Science+Business Media, B.V. Proceedings oftheNATOAdvanced ResearchWorkshop on Source Control MeasuresforStormwaterRunoff St.Marienthal-Ostritz,Germany 8-12November2000 AC.I.P.Catalogue recordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. ISBN 978-1-4020-0154-3 ISBN 978-94-010-0532-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0532-6 Printedanacid-treepaper AIIRights Reserved ©2001SpringerScience+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by KluwerAcademic Publishers in 2001 Nopart ofthe material protected bythis copyright notice maybereproduced orutilizedin anyform orbyanymeans,electronic ormechanical, including photocopying, recordingor by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLEOF CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgement xi ListofParticipants xiii CHAPTERl REVIEW OFSOURCECONTROLS REVIEWOFSTORMWATERSOURCECONTROLSINURBANDRAINAGE . J. Marsalek REVIEWOFSTORMWATERSOURCECONTROLSINAGRICULTURAL CATCHMENTS 17 W.E. Watt CHAPTER2 GENERALSTRATEGIESFORSTORMWATER MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVESOFSTORMWATERMANAGEMENT- AGENERALCOMPARISONOF DIFFERENTMEASURES 27 H. Sieker BALANCINGFLOODCONTROLANDECOLOGICALPRESERVATION/RESTORATION OFURBANWATERSHEDS 39 V. Novotny, D. Clark,R. Griffinand A. Bartosova STRATEGIESFORMANAGEMENTOFPOLLUTEDSTORMWATERFROMANURBAN HIGHWAYINGOTEBORG, SWEDEN 57 G. Svensson,P.-A. MalmqvistandS. Ahlman RISKASSESSMENTOFSTORMWATERCONTAMINANTSFOLLOWINGDISCHARGETO SOIL,GROUNDWATERORSURFACEWATER 69 P.S. Mikkelsen, A. Baunand A. Ledin CHAPTER3 SOURCECONTROLMEASURESTUDIES CASESTUDIESOFLOCALSTRATEGIESFORCONTROLOFNON-POINTSOURCE POLLUTIONINCOLORADO(USA) 81 T.A. Earles,J.E. JonesandW.F. Lorenz vi GIS-SUPPORTEDSTORMWATERSOURCECONTROLIMPLEMENTATIONANDURBAN FLOODRISKMITIGATION 95 C. Makropoulos,D. Butlerand C.Maksimovic PROTOCOLSANDMETHODSFOREVALUATINGTHEPERFORMANCEOF STORMWATERSOURCECONTROLS __ .. __ 107 M.M. QuigleyandE.W. Strecker VARIABILITYOFRAINWATERINFILTRATIONTHROUGH DIFFERENTURBAN SURFACES: FROMWATERPROOFTOPLAYERSTORESERVOIRSTRUCTURES ..__.....__) 19 G. Raimbault FIELD-INVESTIGATIONS OFPOLLUTANTSINSTORMWATERRUNOFF, SEEPAGE WATERANDTOPSOILOFSTORMWATERINFILTRATIONSITES......__......__... )31 F. Remrnlerand U. Hutter CONSIDERATIONSFORTHEFIRSTAPPLICATIONOFSOURCECONTROLMEASURES FORSTORMWATERRUNOFFINTHEATHENSMETROPOLITANAREA......__.....__)41 E. Aftias THEUSEOFCONTINUOUSLONGTERMSIMULATIONSFORTHEDESIGNAND IMPACTASSESSMENTOFSOURCECONTROLMEASURES.. ......__.......__.......)47 G. VaesandJ. Berlamont THEROLEOFSTORMWATERSOURCECONTROLINTHECONVERSIONOFTHE NATIONALHOSPITALOFNORWAYINTOANECOLOGICALRESIDENTIAL COMPLEX __ _._ __ 159 T. Andersen, 1. Eklund,T.Tollefsen,T. Lindheimand W. Schilling COPPERREMOVALININFILTRATIONFACILITIESFORSTORMWATERRUNOFF.__)69 M. SteinerandM. Boller CHAPTER4 URBAN FLOODMANAGEMENTSTUDIESAND MODELLING EVALUATIONOFIMPACTSOFCONTROLMEASURES, APPLIEDINTHESOURCE CATCHMENTS,BYMATHEMATICALMODELS..__.. __..__ 181 E. ZemanandJ. Spatka SOURCEIDENTIFICATIONCONCEPTWITHINAFRAMEWORKOFURBANDRAINAGE MASTERPLANS __ __.. 195 K. Pryl VB THEROLEOFASYSTEM"HYDROLOGICALMEMORY"INSOURCECONTROL STRATEGYEVALUATIONINURBANAREAS . __ )09 T. MetelkaandT. Laichter ApPLICATIONOF3 DCOMPLEXMODELLINGINSIMULATIONOFEXTREME DISCHARGESINURBANAREAS __ ._ .. .. .._.__ 221 R. Kuby and L.-G. Gustafsson FLOODANDSOURCECONTROLSTUDIESINSLOVAKIA....._.... .. ... .233 P. Petrovic GENETICALGORITHMTECHNIQUESFORSTORMWATERRUNOFFSOURCECONTROL PLANNINGANDDESIGN__.. ._.. .._. ...__.. . .245 E.G. Boumaski CHAPTERS SOURCECONTROLSINRURAL CATCHMENTS DEVELOPMENTSINAGRICULTUREANDTHELOSSOFNATURALSTORMWATER RUNOFFCONTROLINCENTRALEUROPE . . .. _ 255 R.R. vanderPloeg, A. Czajka-Kaczka, M. Gieskaand M. Akkerrnann INFLUENCESOFLANDUSEANDLANDCOVERCONDITIONSONFLOOD GENERATION: ASIMULATIONSTUDY _._ _. )67 D. Niehoffand A. Bronstert SOURCECONTROLMEASURESFORSTORMWATERRUNOFFINURBANAREAS: INVESTIGATIONOFIMPACTSONFLOODSINTHESAARCATCHMENT__....__.....,)79 F. SiekerandU. Zimmerman CONSERVATIONTILLAGE- ANEWSTRATEGYINFLOODCONTROL )87 W. Schmidt, B. Zimmerling, O. Nitzscheand S.T. KrUck CHAPTER6 SOURCE CONTROLIMPLEMENTATION STORMWATERSOURCECONTROLANDPUBLICACCEPTANCE .. )95 G.D. Geldof A UNITEDKINGDOMPERSPECTIVEONINSTITUTIONALCONSTRAINTSLIMITING ADVANCESINSTORMWATERMANAGEMENT. .__. ... . ...._..._...305 R. Crabtree Index __ _. . _ _.__ _.._._.._ _. 315 PREFACE Large rainfall and snowmeltevents cause numerous water managementchallenges in both urban and rural areas. In urban areas, these events cause stormwater runoff, which results in a variety of impacts on receiving waters, including flooding, geomorphologic changes, pollution, ecosystem degradation and impairment of beneficial water uses. To prevent or mitigate such impacts, stormwater management has been introduced and implemented through a system of management measures, which are also referred to as 'best management practices' (BMPs). Among BMPs, sourcecontrols are particularly widely accepted, because they are designed to prevent or mitigate the stormwater impacts by applying controls at or near the source. Consequently, they are generally highly cost-effective, and in some cases represent the only practical solution (e.g., eliminating toxic substances releases, rather than containingandremovingsuch substancesaftertheirdispersal in theenvironment). Concerns about stormwater runoff in agricultural (rural) areas are similar to those in urban areas, and include the risk of flooding, sediment erosion and delivery to receiving waters, and washoff and transport of agrochemicals and pathogens. In recentyears, agreatdeal ofattention has been paid to mitigation ofthese problems by source controls. It has been suggested that by proper land management, catchment runoff could be reduced (or even eliminated for small events), and reduced runoff flows would then contribute to lower flood risks, soil erosion, and export of agrochemicalsandpathogens. In view ofthis greatinterestin sourcecontrols for stormwaterrunoff, and particularly in using these measures to mitigate flood risks, we proposed a research workshop on this subject and applied for NATO sponsorship. Thus, the main objective of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on 'Source Control Measures for Stormwater Runoff was to review the state ofthe art in source controls ofstormwater runoff in both urban and agricultural areas, with respect to the management of wet-weather flows. For this workshop, we have used a broad definition ofsource controls as the measures which are designed to control the generation of, and entryofpollutants into, stormwater runoff, with emphasis on non-structural and semi-structural measures appliedatornearsource. After receiving the NATO support grant, we recruited keynote speakers and workshop participants, finalised the workshop programme, and held the workshop at the International Conference Centre in St. Marienthal-Ostritz, Germany, with more than 50 invited experts from 19 countries in attendance. Extensive experience of workshop participants in this field is reflected in the workshop proceedings, which include 30 selected papers. Whenever trade, product or firm names are used in the proceedings, it is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the Editors, AuthorsorNATO. IX x Only the formal workshop presentations are reflected in the proceedings that follow. Besides these papers and extensive discussions, there were many other ways of sharing and exchanging information among the participants, in the form of new or renewed collaborative links, professional networks and personal friendships. The success of the workshop was acknowledged by workshop participants in the evaluation questionnaire. For this success, we would like thank all who helped stage the workshopand produce its proceedings, and particularly those whoare listed in the Acknowledgement. Jiri Marsalek Burlington,Ontario,Canada EdWatt Kingston, Ontario, Canada Evzen Zeman Prague,CzechRepublic HeikoSieker Berlin,Germany ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) was directed by Dr. Jiri Marsalek, National Water Research Institute (NWRI), Environment Canada, Burlington, Canada,andDr. EvzenZeman, DHIHydroinforma.s., Prague,CzechRepublic. They were assisted by two other members of the workshop Organising Committee, Prof. W.E. Watt, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and Dr. H. Sieker, Ingenieurgesellschaft Prof. Dr. Sieker mbH, Berlin, Germany. The ARW was sponsored by NATO, in the form ofa grant, and by employers ofthe members ofthe Organising Committee, who provided additional resources required to prepare the workshopand its proceedings. Special thanks aredue toDr. A.H. Jubier, Programme Director, Environmental and Earth Science & Technology, NATO, who provided liaison between the workshop organisers and NATO, and personally assisted with many tasks. The early preparatory work was conducted by the DHI Hydroinform team (Evzen Zeman and Pavlina Nesvadbova) and the NationalWater Research Institute team (liri Marsalekand Quintin Rochfort). All local arrangements werecarried out by the local organising committee, headed by Dr. Heiko Sieker, with assistance from Brigitte Leipold and Harald Sommer. Finally, the proceedings typescript was compiled by Karen Macintyre (Queen's University, Kingston, Canada) and Quintin Rochfort (NationalWaterResearch Institute, Burlington,Canada). Specialthanks aredueto all these contributors and, above all, to all the participants, who made this workshop a memorableinteractivelearningexperienceforall involved. Xl
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