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Advances in the Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide: International Approaches to Reduce Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions PDF

360 Pages·2006·34.385 MB·English
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Advances in the Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide NATO Science Series A Series presenting the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Science Programme. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division Sub-Series I. Life and Behavioural Sciences IOS Press II. Mathematics,Physics and Chemistry Springer III.Computer and Systems Science IOS Press IV.Earth and Environmental Sciences Springer The NATO Science Series continues the series of books published formerly as the NATO ASI Series. The NATO Science Programme offers support for collaboration in civil science between scientists of countries of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council.The types of scientific meeting generally supported are “Advanced Study Institutes”and “Advanced Research Workshops”, and the NATO Science Series collects together the results of these meetings.The meetings are co-organized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO’s Partner countries – countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe. Advanced Study Institutes are high-level tutorial courses offering in-depth study of latest advances in a field. Advanced Research Workshops are expert meetings aimed at critical assessment of a field, and identification of directions for future action. As a consequence of the restructuring of the NATO Science Programme in 1999, the NATO Science Series was re-organized to the four sub-series noted above.Please consult the following web sites for information on previous volumes published in the Series. http://www.nato.int/science http://www.springer.com http://www.iospress.nl Series II:Mathematics,Physics and Chemistry – Vol.65 Advances in the Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide International Approaches to Reduce Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions edited by S. Lombardi Universita di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy L.K. Altunina Siberian Branch-Institute of Pertoleum Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia and S.E. Beaubien Universita di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advances in CO2 Geological Sequestration in Eastern and Western European, Countries Tomsk, Russia November 15-18, 2004 . A C.I.P.Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN-10 1-4020-4470-4 (PB) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4470-0 (PB) ISBN-10 1-4020-4469-0 (HB) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4469-4 (HB) ISBN-10 1-4020-4471-2 (e-book) ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4471-7 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O.Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2006 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands. Contents Contributing Authors ix Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv PART I Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere 1 Study of Long-Term Variations of CO and CO Concentrations in 2 the Ground Atmospheric Layer near the City of Tomsk (Western Siberia) 3 B.D. Belan, A.V. Fofonov, T.K. Sklyadneva and G.N. Tolmachev Dynamics of the Vertical Distribution of CO and CO 2 Concentrations over Western Siberia (1997-2003). 11 M.Yu. Arshinov, B.D. Belan, G. Inoue, T. Machida, M.V. Panchenko and A.V. Fofonov Carbon Balance and the Emission of Greenhouse Gases in Boreal Forests and Bogs of Siberia 17 E.A. Vaganov, S.P. Efremov and A.A. Onuchin The Interaction of CO Between the Atmosphere and Surface 2 Waters of Lake Baikal and the Influence of Water Composition 35 vi Contents V.M. Domysheva, M.V. Sakirko, M.V. Panchenko and D.A. Pestunov Remote Sensing and GIS for Spatial Analysis of Anthropogenic Carbon Oxide Emissions 47 Yu.M. Polishchuk and O.S. Tokareva The Sources of Carcinogenic PAH Emission in Aluminium Production using Soderberg Cells 57 L.I.Kurteeva, S.V.Morozov and A.G.Anshits PART II Permafrost CO Storage 67 2 Distribution of Permafrost in Russia 69 V.P. Melnikov and D.S. Drozdov Characteristics of Permafrost in Siberia 81 A.D. Duchkov Possibilities of SO Storage in Geological Strata of Permafrost 2 Terrain 93 A.G. Anshits, N.P. Kirik and B.V. Shibistov Cryogels – A Promising Material for Underground Works in Permafrost 103 L.K. Altunina, V.A. Kuvshinov and S.N. Dolgikh Subsurface Carbon Dioxide Storage Through Clathrate Hydrate Formation 111 P. Jadhawar, A.H. Mohammadi, J. Yang, B. Tohidi PART III Natural Analogues of CO Storage 127 2 What Can We Learn from Natural Analogues? 129 J. M. Pearce Near-Surface Gas Geochemistry Techniques to Assess and Monitor CO Geological Sequestration Sites 141 2 S. Lombardi, A. Annunziatellis, S.E. Beaubien and G. Ciotoli Geochemical Interactions between CO , Pore-Waters and 2 Reservoir Rocks 157 Contents vii I. Czernichowski-Lauriol, C. Rochelle, I. Gaus, M. Azaroual, J. Pearce, and P. Durst Study of Natural CO Emissions in Different Italian Geological 2 Scenarios 175 N. Voltattorni, G. Caramanna, D. Cinti, G. Galli, L. Pizzino and F. Quattrocchi Natural Leakage of Helium from Italian Sedimentary Basins of the Adriatic Structural Margin 191 G. Ciotoli, S. Lombardi and F. Zarlenga Tectonically Controlled Methane Escape in Lake Baikal 203 J. Klerkx, M. De Batist, J. Poort, R. Hus, P. Van Rensbergen, O. Khlystov and N. Granin PART IV Active CO Injection Sites 221 2 The IEA Weyburn CO Monitoring and Storage Project 223 2 J.B. Riding Assessment of the Long-Term Fate of CO Injected into the 2 Weyburn Field 231 M.J. Stenhouse, W. Zhou and R. Arthur Strontium Isotope (87Sr/86Sr) Chemistry in Produced Oil Field Waters: The IEA CO Monitoring and Storage Project 243 2 F. Quattrocchi, M. Barbieri, R. Bencini, D. Cinti, K. Durocher, G. Galli, L. Pizzino, M. Shevalier and N. Voltattorni Optimization of CO Injection for Sequestration / Enhanced Oil 2 Recovery and Current Status in Canada 261 T. Babadagli The Use of CO and Combustion Gases for Enhanced Oil 2 Recovery in Russia 271 V.A. Kuvshinov Controls of CO Filtration in Heterogeneous Reservoirs with 2 Foam-Emulsion Systems 277 A.G. Telin viii Contents State of CO Capture and Subsurface Storage Activities in 2 Germany 289 B.M. Krooss and F. May Geophysical Monitoring of the CO Plume at Sleipner, North Sea 303 2 A. Chadwick, R. Arts , O. Eiken , P. Williamson and G. Williams 4-D Seismics, Gas-Hydrate Detection and Overpressure Prediction as a Combined Methodology for Application to CO Sequestration 315 2 S. Persoglia, J.M. Carcione, G. Rossi And D. Gei PART V The Way Forward 325 The Role of Fossil Fuels in the 21st Century 327 I. Lakatos and J. Lakatos-Szabó Stakeholder Acceptance and Understanding of CO Geological 2 Storage 345 S. Vercelli and R. Tambelli CO GeoNet – An EC-funded “Network of Excellence” to Study 2 the Geological Storage of CO 359 2 N. Riley Contributing Authors Below is an listing of all participating authors, organised by country and institution. Delegates to the workshop are highlighted in bold. Belgium International Bureau for Environmental Studies - Brussels, Belgium -J. Klerkx, S.E. Kolobova University of Ghent - Renard Centre of Marine Geology, Ghent, Belgium - M. De Batist, J. Poort, R. Hus, P. Van Rensbergen Canada Alberta Research Council - 3608-33rd Street, NW; Calgary, AB, T2L 2A6, Canada - K. Durocher University of Calgary - Department of Geology & Geophysics; 2500 University Dr. NW; Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada -M. Shevalier University of Alberta - Civil and Environmental Engineering; School of Petroleum and Mining; 3-112 Markin/CNRL – NREF; Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2W2, Canada -T. Babadagli

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