Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography Series Editors: William Cartwright, Georg Gartner, Liqiu Meng, Michael P. Peterson Forfurther volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7418 . Wenzhong Shi Anthony G.O. Yeh l l Yee Leung Chenghu Zhou l Editors Advances in Spatial Data Handling and GIS 14th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling Editors WenzhongShi AnthonyG.O.Yeh DepartmentofLandSurveyingand CentreofUrbanStudiesandUrban Geo-Informatics Planning TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity DepartmentofUrbanPlanningandDesign HongKongSAR TheUniversityofHongKong China HongKongSAR China YeeLeung ChenghuZhou DepartmentofGeographyandResource ChineseAcademyofSciences Management InstituteofGeographicalSciencesand TheChineseUniversityofHongKong NaturalResourcesResearch HongKongSAR Beijing China China ISSN1863-2246 ISSN1863-2351(electronic) ISBN978-3-642-25925-8 ISBN978-3-642-25926-5(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-642-25926-5 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012937841 #Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2012 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. 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Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Foreword This book is the selected papers of the 14th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling that was held at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Hong Kongfrom26to28May2010asaJointInternationalConferenceonTheory,Data HandlingandModellinginGeoSpatialInformationScienceorganizedbyCommis- sion on Geographical Information Science and Commission on Modelling Geo- graphicalSystemsoftheInternationalGeographicalUnion(IGU)andCommissionII oftheInternationalSocietyofPhotogrammetryandRemoteSensing(ISPRS). The International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling (SDH) is the premier biennialinternationalresearchforumforGeographicalInformationScience(GISc) oftheCommissiononGeographicalInformationScienceofIGU.Itwasfirstheldin 1984 in Zurich, Switzerland, when the Commission was named as Geographical DataSensingandProcessingchairedbyProf.DuaneMarble.Ithasquicklybecame thepremierscientificmeetingsintheGISareaandsincethenbeenheldinSeattle, USA; Sydney, Australia; Zurich, Switzerland; Charleston, USA; Edinburgh, UK; Delft, The Netherlands; Vancouver, Canada; Beijing, China; Ottawa, Canada; Leicester,UK;Vienna,Austria;andMontpellier,France. TheIGUCommissiononModelingGeographicalSystemshasbeenorganizing its conferences over the years on the modeling and analysis of geographical data andsystemsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Itisthefirsttimethatitjoinshandwith ISPRSandIGUCommissiononGeographicalInformationSciencetoco-organize the conference to encourage interaction and collaboration among researchers and professionalsinthethreeorganizations. ISPRSisasocietyregroupingscientificsocietiesfrommorethan100countries working in domains related to photogrammetry, remote sensing and geographical informationscience.TheISPRSTechnicalCommissionIISymposiumisorganised every4yearsalternatelywiththeISPRSCongressandisamongthemajoreventsin ISPRS calendar regrouping leading scholars from the GISc and related commu- nities. Past symposiums were held in Ottawa, Canada (2002) and Vienna, Austria (2006)jointlywithSDH. The main objective is to bring together scholars and professionals from the international community of GISc to present the latest achievements and to share v vi Foreword experienceinGIScresearch.Theconferenceprogrammefeaturedkeynotespeeches delivered by leading GISc scholars, technical sessions with reports of the latest research outcomes, student forum on meeting with GISc legends and commercial exhibitionsshowingthelatestdevelopmentofGISctechnology. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the financial support of the Faculty of Construction and Land Use, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; Chung Chi College and the Faculty of Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University; and the State Key Laboratory of ResourcesandEnvironmentInformationSystem,InstituteofGeographic,Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences in organizing the Joint International Conference on Theory, Data Handling and Modelling in GeoSpatial Information Science that was held at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,HongKong,on26–28May2010. WewouldliketothankMr.ZelangMiaofromChinaUniversityofMiningand Technologyinthecontributioninproducingthisbook. vii . Contents PartI ModelingSpaceandTime 1 DerivingSpace-TimeVariogramsfromSpace-Time Autoregressive(STAR)ModelSpecifications ........................... 3 DanielA.GriffithandGerardB.M.Heuvelink PartII SpatialAnalysisandMining 2 SamplingSurveyofHeavyMetalinSoilUsingSSSI ................. 15 AihuaMa,JinfengWang,andKeliZhang 3 AnOptimisedCellularAutomataModelBasedonAdaptive GeneticAlgorithmforUrbanGrowthSimulation .................... 27 YongjiuFengandYanLiu 4 ExploratorySpatialDataAnalysisofRegionalEconomic DisparitiesinBeijingDuring2001–2007 ............................... 39 XiaoyiMaandTaoPei 5 AnApproachtoDiscoveringSpatial–TemporalPatterns inGeographicalProcesses ............................................... 49 SiyueChai,FenzhenSu,andWeilingMa PartIII GeneralizationandIndexing 6 NormalizingSpatialInformationtoImproveGeographical InformationIndexingandRetrievalinDigitalLibraries ............. 65 DamienPalacio,ChristianSallaberry,andMauroGaio ix x Contents 7 ExploreMultivariableSpatio-TemporalDatawiththeTime Wave:CaseStudyonMeteorologicalData ............................ 79 XiaLiandMenno-JanKraak 8 CharacterizationandDetectionofBuildingPatterns inCartographicData:TwoAlgorithms ................................ 93 XiangZhang,TinghuaAi,andJantienStoter 9 FormalizationandDataEnrichmentforAutomatedEvaluation ofBuildingPatternPreservation ..................................... 109 XiangZhang,JantienStoter,TinghuaAi,andMenno-JanKraak PartIV PatternRecognitionandObjectExtraction 10 GraphBasedRecognitionofGridPatterninStreetNetworks .... 129 JingTian,TinghuaAi,andXiaobinJia 11 DigitalImageProcessingforSpatialObjectRecognition viaIntegrationofNonlinearWavelet-BasedDenoising andClustering-BasedSegmentation .................................. 145 ZhengmaoYeandHabibMohamadian 12 CCSSM:AToolkitforInformationExtractionfromRemotely SensedImagery ........................................................ 157 YongGe,ChiZhang,andHexiangBa PartV Location-BasedService 13 EvaluationofAutomaticallyExtractedLandmarksforFuture DriverAssistanceSystems ............................................ 169 ClausBrennerandSabineHofmann 14 TemporallyAdaptiveA*AlgorithmonTime-Dependent TransportationNetwork .............................................. 183 NianboZhengandFengLu 15 EvaluationofOnlineItineraryPlannerandInvestigation ofPossibleEnhancementFeatures ................................... 195 HomingTamandL.S.C.Pun-Cheng