Advances in responsible land administration

306 Pages·2015·7.928 MB·English

by  R. M. Bennett, W. De Vries, J. A. Zevenbergen (eds.)

Advances in
Responsible Land
Administration

Advances in
Responsible Land
Administration
Edited by
Jaap Zevenbergen
Walter De Vries
Rohan Bennett
CRC Press
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Contents
Foreword ...............................................................................................................vii
Acknowledgments .................................................................................................xi
Editors ...................................................................................................................xiii
Contributors ...........................................................................................................xv
Section I Introduction
1 Toward Responsible Land Administration �����������������������������������������������3
Walter T. de Vries, Rohan M. Bennett, and Jaap Zevenbergen
Section II The New Inspirations
2 Pro-Poor Land Administration ������������������������������������������������������������������17
Marie Christine Simbizi, Rohan M. Bennett, and Jaap Zevenbergen
3 Land Administration for Food Security ��������������������������������������������������37
Rohan M. Bennett, Georgina Rockson, Solomon A. Haile, Joe Nasr, and
Liza Groenendijk
4 Urbanization, Land Administration, and Good-Enough
Governance ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 53
Berhanu K. Alemie, Rohan M. Bennett, and Jaap Zevenbergen
5 Land Administration for Post-Conflict Contexts �����������������������������������73

Dimo Todorovski, Jaap Zevenbergen, and Paul van der Molen
6 Land Administration Crowds, Clouds, and the State ���������������������������91
Peter Laarakker, Jaap Zevenbergen, and Yola Georgiadou
Section III Creating Innovative Designs
7 Point Cadastre ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������117
Walter T. de Vries, Co Meijer, Susan Keuber, and Bert Raidt
8 Digital Pen Method ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������131
Didier Milindi Rugema, Jeroen Verplanke, and Christiaan Lemmen
v
vi Contents
9 Accelerated Land Administration Updates �������������������������������������������145
Mireille Biraro, Rohan M. Bennett, and Christiaan Lemmen
10 Toward Fit-for-Purpose Land Consolidation ����������������������������������������163
Rohan M. Bennett, Fikerte A. Yimer, and Christiaan Lemmen
11 Dynamic Nomadic Cadastres �������������������������������������������������������������������183
Monica Lengoiboni, Arnold Bregt, and Paul van der Molen
Section IV Measuring the Impacts
12 Land Administration Impacts on Land Use Change ��������������������������203
Peter Fosudo, Rohan M. Bennett, and Jaap Zevenbergen
13 Environmental Protection via Land Administration ��������������������������217
Libia Y. Romero Lara, Jaap Zevenbergen, and Kees Bronsveld
14 Displacement and Land Administration �����������������������������������������������235
Potel Jossam, Paul van der Molen, Luc Boerboom, Dimo Todorovski, and
Walter T. de Vries
15 Social Tenure Domain Model: An Emerging Land Governance
Tool ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������251
Danilo Antonio, Jaap Zevenbergen, and Clarissa Augustinus
Section V Looking Ahead
16 Future Directions in Responsible Land Administration �������������������271
Jaap Zevenbergen, Walter T. de Vries, and Rohan M. Bennett

Index ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������279
Foreword
Although the positive statistics in the Millennium Development Goals Report
(United Nations 2013) have instilled in the world a sense of hope, the global
challenges of poverty reduction and sustainable development remain sig-
nificant and daunting. The International Fund for Agricultural Development
(2011) points out that despite there being significant progress in reducing
poverty—particularly in east Asia—around 1.4 billion people live on less
than USD1.25 a day and close to 1 billion people suffer from hunger. It adds
that during the 2006–2008 food crises, some 100 million urban and rural poor
people joined the ranks of the world’s hungry. UN-Habitat (United Nations
Human Settlements Programme 2008) reports that the world’s slum popu-
lation is expected to increase to 1.4 billion and urbanization will continue
to contribute significantly to climate change issues: the world’s 20 largest
cities consume 80% of the world’s energy, and urban areas generate 80% of
the global greenhouse gas emissions (FIG 2010). Although there are vari-
ous key strategies and interventions to address poverty reduction and, more
generally, sustainable development, land governance initiatives are critically
important. In this context, the development of responsible land administra-
tion systems is strategic and provides one bridge across the divide between
those with adequate access to land and those without.
Various authors articulate the potential benefits of land administration
systems: poverty alleviation, security of tenure, management of land dis-
putes, inclusive planning, management of natural resources, and environ-
mental protection are all enabled (Antonio 2006; Burns et al. 2007; Magel
2006; Williamson et al. 2010). However, in developing contexts extending
existing cadastres, land registries, and land administration systems to those
areas not covered by any remains an enormous challenge (Lemmen et al.
2009; Lemmen 2010; UN-Habitat 2008, 2012). Enemark et al. (2014) suggest
that 75% of the world’s population is not serviced by formal land adminis-
tration systems that could better safeguard their land rights. The majority
are the poor, women, and vulnerable groups, all with limited land access
and limited resources to challenge the prevailing situation. These groups
experience insecurity of tenure first hand: they have no legally documented
or registered land rights and are often forgotten or overlooked during the so-
called developmental projects. However, what they do possess are informal,
customary, and unwritten land interests, which in most cases are subject to
overlapping claims, disputes, and conflict. Land experts recognize that these
tenure types cannot be included in conventional land registration systems
(United Nations Economic Commission for Africa 1998): parcel-based spatial
descriptions of land rights are only one part of a larger and more complex
tenure landscape.
vii
viii Foreword
It is in this context that the Global Land Tool Network (GLTN) and its more
than 65 international partners have explored and developed pro-poor and
gender-appropriate land policies and tools. Facilitated by UN-Habitat, the
GLTN is a global partnership of international actors working to address global
land tenure and land governance challenges. GLTN partners recognize and
promote the concept of a continuum of land rights (UN-Habitat 2008, 2012).
Along the continuum, different tenure types are featured: the complex inter-
actions between individuals, groups, land resources, plots, dwellings, and
settlements should all be catered to. As GLTN partners express it, conven-
tional land titling approaches have largely failed to deliver their expected
results because the existing technical solutions are expensive, inappropriate
for the diversity of tenures found in developing countries, and unsustainable
in terms of finance or available capacity. Individual land titling, by itself, is
too slow and cannot deliver security of tenure to the majority of people in the
developing world (Zevenbergen et al. 2013).
Although the concept is incrementally and widely accepted in global dis-
course, a new set of land administration and information management sys-
tems are necessary to support and implement the continuum of land rights.
In practical terms, this means responding to the needs and requirements
of 70% of the citizenry in a developing country that mostly comprises poor
people and providing them with equal socioeconomic opportunities. In this
regard, the University of Twente’s ITC Faculty, Enschede, The Netherlands,
where the coeditors of this book are all based, has an excellent track record
of contributing to innovative land tenure approaches and supportive land
tool designs. The ITC was one of the founding partners of the GLTN and has
since assisted in the design of multiple land tools, including the Social Tenure
Domain Model (STDM) (see Chapter 15). That the ITC is deeply involving its
MSc and PhD students in its land tool research is a testament to the serious-
ness with which it undertakes its mission. The approach is helping young
professionals to build new understandings about land tenure, broaden hori-
zons on design and evaluation, and transfer the knowledge to colleagues

and counterparts globally.
When land administration is implemented responsibly, it underpins good
land governance and ultimately supports sustainable development. This
book is a compilation of lessons about responsible land administration as
it has been developed and applied across different parts of Africa, a conti-
nent aware of its land challenges and its opportunity to lead the way in the
implementation of fit-for-purpose approaches. Writing from Nairobi, Kenya,
where we coordinate the GLTN, it is clear that this book will contribute to
our work within UN-Habitat and GLTN and also the broader United Nations
family: responsible land administration can contribute to more equitable
relationships between people and between people and land. Responsible
land administration will have its fullest impact when incorporated into
Foreword ix
wider good land governance frameworks and when implemented as a tool
of a well-considered and appropriate land policy. The contributions made by
books such as this mean that advances in the latter will no longer be lost due
to a lack of appropriate land tools.
Dr� Clarissa Augustinus
Land and GLTN Unit
Urban Legislation, Land and Governance Branch
United Nations Human Settlement Programme
UN-Habitat/GLTN
Nairobi, Kenya
References
Antonio, D. R. 2006. “Instituting good governance in the land administration system:
the Philippines’ perspective.” In Land Reform, Land Settlement and Cooperatives.
Vol. 2006, p. 73–83. Rome: FAO.
Burns, T., C. Grant, K. Nettle, Anne-Marie Brits, and K. Dalrymple. 2007. “Land
administration reform: indicators of success and future challenges.” Agriculture
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FIG. 2010. “Rapid urbanization and mega cities: the need for spatial information man-
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Surveyors. Copenhagen, Denmark: FIG.
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