Advances in Psychology Research Advances in Psychology Research

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ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH

A P R
DVANCES IN SYCHOLOGY ESEARCH

V 83
OLUME

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ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH

A P R
DVANCES IN SYCHOLOGY ESEARCH

V 83
OLUME

ALEXANDRA M. COLUMBUS
EDITOR

Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
New York
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ISSN: 1532-723X

ISBN: (cid:28)(cid:26)(cid:27)(cid:16)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:21)(cid:23)(cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:16)(cid:24)(cid:28)(cid:20)(cid:16)(cid:25) (eBook)

Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.  New York
CONTENTS

Preface vii
Chapter 1 Attachment Behaviors: Infancy, Implications, and Beyond 1
Kimberly Renk, Rachel White, Melissa Middleton,
Brea-Anne Lauer, Rebecca Weaver, Jayme Puff,
and Meagan McSwiggan
Chapter 2 Suicide Attempts During Adolescence: A Way of Killing the Infans 29
Nathalie de Kernier
Chapter 3 The Psychosocial and Physical Functions of HLA-B27
Comorbidities Using the Example of Anterior Uveitis
and Ankylosing Spondylitis 53
Andreas W. Schiesser, Astrid M. Angel,
Isabella Baumgartner and Gerhard Benetka
Chapter 4 Relational Creativity: A Redundant Construct
and a Teachable Competence? 79
Walter Colesso and Luciano L’Abate
Chapter 5 Infant Adjective Checklist: Development and Validation
of an Infant Screening Instrument 99
Lisa Milne, Philip Greenway, Keren Jontof-Hutter
and Felicia Groves
Chapter 6 Cognitive Profile of Patients with Obsessive Compulsive
Symptomatology: An Overview 113
Carmelo M. Vicario and Adriano Schimmenti
Chapter 7 The Benefits of Physical Activity on the Assessment of General
Health Status of Elderly People in Residential Care Facilities:
Exploring the Mediation Effect of Vitality and Mental Health 123
Filippo Candela, Monica Emma Liubicich, Enrique Ortega,
Emanuela Rabaglietti and Silvia Ciairano
Chapter 8 Personality Traits in Some Neurological Disorders 135
Ghaydaa A. Shehata
Chapter 9 Motor Development During Infancy: A Nonlinear Physics
Approach to Emergence, Multistability, and Simulation 143
T. D. Frank
Index 165

PREFACE

This continuing series presents original research results on the leading edge of
psychology. This book reviews research on attachment behaviors in infancy; suicide attempts
during adolescence; relational creativity; the cognitive profile of patients with obsessive
compulsive symptomatology; personality traits in neurological disorders and motor
development in infancy.
Chapter 1 - This chapter will examine the attachment behaviors that develop between
infants and their mothers and fathers. In a general sense, attachment refers to the emotional
connections that occur between infants and their caregivers (Zeanah & Boris, 2000).
Definitions of attachment also include the behaviors that infants exhibit to maintain their
proximity to their mothers and fathers (Bowlby, 1969/1982). Initially, researchers looked to
the work of ethologists, such as Konrad Lorenz (Ainsworth & Bowlby, 1991), and to the
work of those studying attachment behaviors in animals (rhesus monkeys; Harlow, 1958).
This initial research then led to a close examination of attachment behaviors in human infants
and their caregivers in the seminal works of Ainsworth (e.g., Ainsworth, Blehar, Water, &
Wall, 1978) and Main (Main & Solomon, 1986). These works outline several attachment
styles that can occur in infants and the environmental circumstances that may promote such
styles. These styles will be examined as an initial context for understanding the importance of
attachment in the parent-infant relationship. Although the majority of infants are categorized
as exhibiting a secure attachment to their mothers and fathers, insecure attachment is
exhibited by some infants. Other infants exhibit more concerning patterns of dysregulated
attachment. To describe these patterns of dysregulated attachment, different diagnostic
categories are available. For example, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders-Fourth Edition-Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association,
2000) describes the criteria of Reactive Attachment Disorder. Nonetheless, some researchers
have found this disorder to be insufficient and, as a result, have developed alternate criteria to
describe disorders of attachment (Boris, Zeanah, Larrieu, Scheeringa, & Heller, 1998). These
different sets of criteria will be described as a means of understanding how attachment
behavior can become dysregulated and the effects of this dysregulation on parent-infant
dyads. Finally, many researchers have begun to examine how the attachment process is
related to the behaviors that infants will exhibit as they reach childhood, adolescence, and
even adulthood. For example, Bowlby (1988) proposed that internal working models are
constructed in infancy based on infants‘ interactions with their mothers and fathers. These
internal working models then set the stage for the mental representations that infants will use
in their interactions with all other significant others in the future (e.g., Stern, 1985). When
these internal working models include problematic interactions with caregivers, these infants
viii Alexandra M. Columbus
may experience difficulties in parenting their own children once they become parents
themselves. Fraiberg (Fraiberg, Adelson, & Shapiro, 1980) described this relationship
between parents‘ own conflicted experiences of being parented by their own mothers and
fathers and their own parenting as ‗ghosts in the nursery‘. Such ‗ghosts‘ can be likened to
cognitive schema that are examined in cognitive-behavioral therapies (Renk, Roddenberry, &
Oliveros, 2004). Nonetheless, given the long-term implications of infants‘ attachment with
their parents, these issues also will be explored.
Chapter 2 - This book summarizes a research aiming to spot the particularities of the
psychic functioning of suicide attempting adolescents and to assess the medium-term
occurrences of identification re-fashioning. Indeed, suicidal gestures during adolescence are a
major public health issue in many countries and follow-up studies with a psychodynamic
approach are rare. Using clinical interviews and projective techniques such as Rorschach and
Thematic Apperception Tests, 30 longitudinal studies have been conducted. Four hypotheses
have been confirmed concerning the variety of psychic functioning, melancholic
identifications showing a disorganization of the psychic functioning linked to the intensity of
the pulsional pressure, the extreme dependence to the parental image which confuses the
generational references and the evolution of psychic adjustments one year after the suicidal
attempt. One year later, the forms of psychic adjustment have generally changed: melancholic
identifications are receding and the self-image is recovering. The contingency relationship
between representations of murder in the projective tests soon after the suicidal act and a
positive psychic evolution is significant. Murder representations – infanticide mainly – and
separation representations are linked to a more defensive attitude, to a better pulsional
economy and to a better elaboration of the loss question and Oedipus conflicts. The
emergence of representations of murder fantasies immediately after the suicidal gesture
allows for a possible transformation of violence into symbolization.
Chapter 3 - HLA-B27 anterior uveitis (AU) is a pathognomotic form of uveitis which
may or may not display systemic manifestations. The ocular disease is characterized by
frequent recurrences leading to visual impairment for multiple weeks per year. The aim of our
study was to examine the psychodynamic structures for patients who had HLA-B27 anterior
uveitis and who had one or more additional HLA-B27 associated co-diseases. Does patients
who have an additional HLA-B27 associated illness (co-disease) other psycho-dynamic
structures are more effective or if this influence requires another therapeutic regime or
another therapeutic intervention? The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study using a
structured chart review to record the complete socio-demographic data and the ocular history,
including the onset of uveitis, specific eye involvement, the time of first attack etc. A total of
165 adult patients (63 female and 102 male) with inactive HLA-B27 AU aged 22-77 years
who had been referred to the ophthalmic outpatient uveitis clinic of the Medical University of
Vienna and 86 healthy controls responded to a postal survey comprising standardized
psychological questionnaires (FQCI, SF-36, BDI and SCI). 78 patients with additional
comorbidities showed statistically relevant differences in levels of physical impairment,
depression, trivializations and distress when compared to subjects without comorbidities.
Patients with a high level of education (n=53, 32%) showed statistically relevant differences
in active problem solving, passive coping strategies, physical impairment, depression and
distress when compared to subjects with a lower level of education (n=112, 68%). In
summary, this study shows that educational attainment influences positively the cognitive
coping strategies of subjects with HLA-B27 AU. Proactive identification of subjects at risk