Advances in Plant Ecophysiology Techniques

491 Pages·2018·14.099 MB·English

by  Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras, Manuel J. Reigosa

Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras  
Manuel J. Reigosa Editors
Advances
in Plant
Ecophysiology
Techniques
Advances in Plant Ecophysiology Techniques
Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras • Manuel J. Reigosa
Editors
Advances in Plant
Ecophysiology Techniques
Editors
Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras Manuel J. Reigosa
Department of Plant Biology and Soil Department of Plant Biology and Soil
Science Science
University of Vigo University of Vigo
Vigo, Spain Vigo, Spain
ISBN 978-3-319-93232-3 ISBN 978-3-319-93233-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93233-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018950404
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Preface
The book Advances in Plant Ecophysiology Techniques has its origin on the suc-
cessful launching of the Handbook of Plant Ecophysiology Techniques released by
Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2001. As with any book written about a rapidly
growing discipline, the techniques included in that handbook considerably evolved
and changed during the last 17 years. Particularly, molecular and microscopic meth-
ods have been highly improved during these years, which made necessary an update
on the techniques used to measure ecophysiological parameters.
This book will be useful, we hope, for expert and non-initiated scientists and
graduate and post-graduate students starting their research studies or looking for
new techniques to complement the parameters they already measure. Researchers
interested in Plant Ecophysiology, Agronomy, Forestry, Environmental Sciences,
and other related disciplines will find here a plethora of techniques easy to apply
and reproduce.
Advances in Plant Ecophysiology Techniques consists of 28 chapters, written by
a variety of scientists all over the world, which cover the most relevant parameters
necessary to be measured when plant response to biotic/abiotic factors is under
study. Every chapter included in this handbook has a theoretical part, reviewing the
analyzed parameter, the techniques used for its measurement, and the meaning it
has in ecophysiology, and a more empirical part focusing on the selected technique,
with hand-by-hand procedures as used in the laboratory, which will allow the end
users to easily reproduce the method in their labs.
Although every chapter can be read independently, we have made an effort to
avoid repetitions and to group the different chapters from the most general to the
most complex techniques.
The first chapter written by Mercedes Verdeguer focuses on the bioassays used
to measure the impact of biotic/abiotic factors on the growth and germination of
seedlings and adult plants. This chapter is well complemented by the second chapter
studying root morphology, written by Maria Rosa Abenavoli and colleagues.
After this morphological approach, there are four chapters related to the study of
photosynthesis into the plant: photosynthetic pigment content by Beatriz Fernández-
Marín and collaborators, net photosynthetic rate and respiration by Jaume Flexas
v
vi Preface
and colleagues, and fluorescence and thermoluminescence by Amarendra Mishra
cover all aspects of the photosynthetic status of the plant. In addition, water status is
very well covered by Ricardo Aroca and his group and Hamlyn Jones, who does a
nice review on the key biophysical equations involved in the use of thermal sensing
for the study of plant water relations. In this group of chapters are also included two
chapters related to oxidative and photooxidative stress markers, one of them written
by Erola Fenollosa and Sergi Munné-Bosch and focused on the use of stress mark-
ers to unravel plant invasion success, and the other written by Adele Muscolo and
colleagues and focused on the role that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have on plant
response and the way to measure them.
The next two chapters, written by Teodoro Coba de la Peña, Adela M. Sánchez-
Moreiras, and Fabrizio Araniti, are focused on the use of flow cytometry to measure
cell cycle and other physiological parameters, such as pH, calcium content, gluta-
thione level, etc., including the use of mutants to take all the advantages of this
technique.
The following five chapters are focused on different microscopic techniques
ranging from optical to confocal and transmission electronic microscopy and their
use for the measurement of a variety of different parameters, such as mitotic index
and plant microtubules (by Elisa Graña), programmed cell death (by John Conway
and Paul McCabe), structural and ultrastructural morphology (by Adela M. Sánchez-
Moreiras and colleagues), and many physiological parameters measured by fluores-
cence (by Elfrieda Fodor and Ferhan Ayaydin) or confocal (by Leonardo Bruno and
collaborators) microscopy. The advances we have seen in these techniques during
the last years make these chapters especially useful for plant scientists.
The next four chapters are devoted to –omics and SAR/QSAR techniques.
Leonardo Bruno and colleagues addressed multi-probe whole mount mRNA in situ
hybridization for the quick and simultaneous measurement of the expression of sev-
eral genes, while metabolomics significance and measurement has been addressed
by Leslie Weston and her group, proteomics was reviewed by Jesus Jorrín and col-
leagues, and SAR/QSAR techniques for activity studies have been written by Marta
Teijeira and María Celeiro.
After these chapters, Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras and collaborators present an
approach for the testing and the study of the mode of action of natural compounds,
including morphological, physiological, biochemical, as well as molecular tech-
niques. This chapter is a good example how successful can be mixing different sci-
entific expertise when approaching the response of the plant to external factors. The
next chapter focused on allelochemical detoxification in plants and written by
Margot Schulz and colleagues is highly related to this one, as plants have evolved
different strategies to cope with the presence of these potentially toxic natural com-
pounds. Moreover, Chap. 24 by Fabrizio Araniti and collaborators is also related to
plant natural compounds/secondary metabolites, as it focuses on the chemical char-
acterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using two different techniques.
The use of carbon radiochemicals and stable isotopes for plant (Geneviève
Chiapusio and collaborators) and soil (Adrià Barbeta and colleagues) studies gives
a nice environmental perspective and has been addressed in the following two
Preface vii
chapters. Also with an eye on the soils, the next chapter written by Paula Castro and
colleagues focuses on different approaches to structurally and functionally charac-
terize key soil microorganisms.
Finally, a nice chapter about computational approach to study ecophysiology has
been written by Amarendra Mishra.
All these chapters together represent a useful compendium of the most interest-
ing parameters on plant ecophysiology, which we hope will become a personal
guide for plant scientists.
We want to show our warmest gratitude to all the authors for their involvement
in this project and also to Springer for their support and help during the period of
editing this handbook. And finally, we want to thank all readers who will use these
chapters to update their knowledge and to improve their research in Plant
Ecophysiology and other related sciences.
Vigo, Spain Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras
Manuel J. Reigosa
Contents
1 In Vitro and In Vivo Bioassays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Mercedes Verdeguer
2 Root Morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Antonio Lupini, Fabrizio Araniti, Antonio Mauceri, Maria Princi,
Antonino Di Iorio, Agostino Sorgonà, and Maria Rosa Abenavoli
3 Plant Photosynthetic Pigments: Methods and Tricks
for Correct Quantification and Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Beatriz Fernández-Marín, José Ignacio García-Plazaola,
Antonio Hernández, and Raquel Esteban
4 Measuring Photosynthesis and Respiration with Infrared
Gas Analysers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Cyril Douthe, Jorge Gago, Miquel Ribas-Carbó, Rubén Núñez,
Nuria Pedrol, and Jaume Flexas
5 Chlorophyll Fluorescence: A Practical Approach
to Study Ecophysiology of Green Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Amarendra Narayan Mishra
6 Thermoluminescence: A Tool to Study Ecophysiology
of Green Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Amarendra Narayan Mishra
7 Determining Plant Water Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Gorka Erice, María Luisa Pérez-Bueno, Mónica Pineda,
Matilde Barón, Ricardo Aroca, and Mónica Calvo-Polanco
8 Thermal Imaging and Infrared Sensing in Plant Ecophysiology . . . . 135
Hamlyn G. Jones
ix
x Contents
9 Photoprotection and Photo-Oxidative Stress Markers
As Useful Tools to Unravel Plant Invasion Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Erola Fenollosa and Sergi Munné-Bosch
10 Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Enzymatic
Systems in Plants: Role and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Teresa Papalia, Maria Rosaria Panuccio, Maria Sidari,
and Adele Muscolo
11 Flow Cytometric Measurement of Different Physiological
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Fabrizio Araniti, Teodoro Coba de la Peña,
and Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras
12 Flow Cytometry: Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Teodoro Coba de la Peña and Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras
13 Mitotic Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Elisa Graña
14 Fluorescent Probes and Live Imaging of Plant Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Elfrieda Fodor and Ferhan Ayaydin
15 Confocal and Transmission Electron Microscopy
for Plant Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras, Marianna Pacenza, Fabrizio Araniti,
and Leonardo Bruno
16 Plant Programmed Cell Death (PCD): Using Cell Morphology
as a Tool to Investigate Plant PCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
T. John Conway and Paul F. McCabe
17 Visualization of Plant Microtubules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Elisa Graña
18 Multiprobe In-Situ Hybridization to Whole Mount
Arabidopsis Seedlings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Leonardo Bruno, Fabrizio Araniti, and Olimpia Gagliardi
19 Proteomics Analysis of Plant Tissues Based on Two-Dimensional
Gel Electrophoresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Jesus V. Jorrín-Novo, Luis Valledor-González,
Mari A. Castillejo-S ánchez, Rosa Sánchez-Lucas,
Isabel M. Gómez-Gálvez, Cristina López-Hidalgo,
Victor M. Guerrero-Sánchez, Mari C. Molina Gómez,
Inmaculada C. Márquez Martin, Kamilla Carvalho,
Ana P. Martínez González, Mari A. Morcillo, Maria E. Papa,
and Jeffrey D. Vargas Perez
Contents xi
20 Metabolomics and Metabolic Profiling: Investigation
of Dynamic Plant-Environment Interactions
at the Functional Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Dominik Skoneczny, Paul A. Weston, and Leslie A. Weston
21 SAR/QSAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Marta Teijeira and María Celeiro
22 Elucidating the Phytotoxic Potential of Natural Compounds . . . . . . . 363
Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras, Elisa Graña, Carla Díaz-Tielas,
David López- González, Fabrizio Araniti, María Celeiro,
Marta Teijeira, Mercedes Verdeguer, and Manuel J. Reigosa
23 Exploring Plants Strategies for Allelochemical Detoxification . . . . . . 379
Margot Schulz, Meike Siebers, and Nico Anders
24 Chemical Characterization of Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs) Through Headspace Solid Phase
Micro Extraction (SPME) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Fabrizio Araniti, Sebastiano Pantò, Antonio Lupini,
Francesco Sunseri, and Maria Rosa Abenavoli
25 Carbon Radiochemicals (14C) and Stable Isotopes (13C):
Crucial Tools to Study Plant-S oil Interactions in Ecosystems . . . . . . 419
Geneviève Chiapusio, Dorine Desalme, Philippe Binet,
and François Pellissier
26 Stable-Isotope Techniques to Investigate Sources
of Plant Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Adrià Barbeta, Jérôme Ogée, and Josep Peñuelas
27 Soil Microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Joana Costa, Rui S. Oliveira, Igor Tiago, Ying Ma,
Cristina Galhano, Helena Freitas, and Paula Castro
28 Computational Approach to Study Ecophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Bibhuti Prasad Barik and Amarendra Narayan Mishra