Advances in Ophthalmology

580 Pages·2012·26.889 MB·English

by  S. Rumelt

ADVANCES IN
OPHTHALMOLOGY

Edited by Shimon Rumelt
Advances in Ophthalmology
Edited by Shimon Rumelt

Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2012 InTech
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Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors
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Publishing Process Manager Martina Durovic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer InTech Design Team

First published March, 2012
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Advances in Ophthalmology, Edited by Shimon Rumelt
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-0248-9

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Basic Concepts in Ophthalmology 1
Chapter 1 Lasers in Ophthalmology 3
Magdalena Zdybel,
Barbara Pilawa and Anna Krzeszewska-Zaręba
Chapter 2 Microsurgical Techniques in Ophthalmology –
Current Procedures and Future Directions 25
Pradeep Prasad, Allen Hu,
Robert Beardsley and Jean-Pierre Hubschman
Chapter 3 Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in the Eye 35
Zan Pan, José E. Capó-Aponte and Peter S. Reinach
Part 2 Cornea and Ocular Surface 47
Chapter 4 Recent Advances in Mucosal
Immunology and Ocular Surface Diseases 49
De-Quan Li, Zuguo Liu, Zhijie Li,
Zhichong Wang and Hong Qi
Chapter 5 Trafficking of Immune Cells
in the Cornea and Ocular Surface 79
Yureeda Qazi, Aslihan Turhan and Pedram Hamrah
Chapter 6 Keratoconus Layer by Layer –
Pathology and Matrix Metalloproteinases 105
Dasha Nelidova and Trevor Sherwin
Chapter 7 Corneal Surgical Techniques 119
Miroslav Vukosavljević,
Milorad Milivojević and Mirko Resan
VI Contents

Part 3 Refraction and Refractive Correction 133
Chapter 8 Incidence of Refractive Error and Amblyopia
Among Young Adults – A Hospital Based Study 135
Ashok Kumar Narsani, Shafi Muhammad Jatoi,
Mohan Perkash Maheshwari and Khairuddin Shah
Chapter 9 Myopia, Light and Circadian Rhythms 141
John R. Phillips, Simon Backhouse and Andrew V. Collins
Chapter 10 Etiology and Clinical Presentation of Astigmatism 167
Sanja Masnec Olujić
Chapter 11 Wavefront Aberrations 191
Mirko Resan, Miroslav Vukosavljević and Milorad Milivojević
Chapter 12 Non-Surgical Treatment of Astigmatism 205
Luciane B. Moreira
Chapter 13 Treatment Strategies and
Clinical Outcomes of Aspheric Surgery for
Astigmatism Using the SCHWIND Amaris Platform 217
Maria C. Arbelaez and Samuel Arba-Mosquera
Chapter 14 Comparing Nomograms of Two Symmetric and
Two Asymmetric Intacs® Segments Implantation
for Treatment of Pellucid Marginal Degeneration 249
Luis A. Rodriguez and Anny E. Villegas
Chapter 15 Toric Intraocular Lenses
for the Correction of Astigmatism 267
Milorad Milivojević, Miroslav Vukosavljević and Mirko Resan
Chapter 16 Amblyopia and Foveal Thickness 279
Elina Landa, Shimon Rumelt,
Claudia Yahalom, Elaine Wong and Lionel Kowal
Part 4 Glaucoma 289
Chapter 17 Trabecular Surgery 291
Antonio Fea, Giulia Consolandi,
Giulia Pignata, Davide Turco, Paola Cannizzo,
Elena Bartoli, Teresa Rolle and Federico M. Grignolo
Part 5 Retina and Vitreous 305
Chapter 18 A Novel Artificial Vitreous
Substitute – Foldable Capsular Vitreous Body 307
Qianying Gao
Contents VII

Chapter 19 Endophthalmitis 319
Phillip S. Coburn and Michelle C. Callegan
Chapter 20 Retinal Detachment –
An Update of the Disease and Its Epidemiology –
A Discussion Based on Research and Clinical Experience
at the Prince Charles Eye Unit, Windsor, England 341
Irina Gout, Faye Mellington, Vikas Tah, Mahmoud Sarhan,
Sofia Rokerya, Michael Goldacre and Ahmed El-Amir
Chapter 21 Retinal Vascular Occlusions 357
Mario Bradvica, Tvrtka Benašić and Maja Vinković
Chapter 22 Induction of Branch Retinal
Vein Occlusion by Photodynamic
Therapy with Rose Bengal in a Rabbit Model 399
Xiao-Xu Zhou, Yan-Ping Song, Yu-Xing Zhao and Jian-Guo Wu
Chapter 23 Regulation of Angiogenesis in Choroidal
Neovascularization of Age Related Macular
Degeneration by Endogenous Angioinhibitors 409
Venugopal Gunda and Yakkanti A. Sudhakar
Chapter 24 NRF2 and Age-Dependent RPE Degeneration 427
Yan Chen, Zhenyang Zhao, Paul Sternberg and Jiyang Cai
Chapter 25 Retinitis Pigmentosa
in Northern Sweden – From Gene to Treatment 451
Irina Golovleva and Marie Burstedt
Chapter 26 Mechanisms of RDH12-Induced Leber
Congenital Amaurosis and Therapeutic Approaches 473
Anne Kasus-Jacobi, Lea D. Marchette, Catherine Xu,
Feng Li, Huaiwen Wang and Mark Babizhayev
Part 6 Eye Plastics and Orbital Disorders 497
Chapter 27 Eyelid and Orbital Infections 499
Hakim Ayub
Chapter 28 Extended Applications of Endoscopic
Sinus Surgery to the Orbit and Pituitary Fossa 519
Balwant Singh Gendeh

Preface

This book covers selected topics in ophthalmology, providing a glimpse into the
advancements in different aspects of the field. It is not aimed to cover the whole field
of ophthalmology, and hopefully, more topics will be covered in future books. The
book is intended for the general ophthalmologists, sub-specialists, researchers,
residents, and fellows. It covers both basic and clinical concepts of ophthalmology.
Each author incorporated his/her own perspectives on each topic adding his/her won
theories, future trends, and research. Therefore, the book should enable researchers
and clinicians to adopt new ideas for further basic research and clinical practice.
This book, arranged in a systematic approach, discusses first the general aspects of
ophthalmology (surgery), and then disorders affecting different structures of the eye
from the cornea and ocular surface backwards to the retina and the structures
surrounding the globe. It is a product of a balance between the expedited publishing
process and encompassing broad aspects of the field.
This book is a result of multi-national ophthalmologists from around the globe, with a
common desire to take care of patients. Some of the authors have been involved for
many years within this field, some are just at their beginning. Some authors are
researches, others are clinicians. Some are world leaders, others will be. I hope that our
readers will be as much a wide variety as our authors are.
The book is accessible online to allow free access to as many readers as possible, and is
also available on print for those who do not have online access, or are interested in
having their own hard copy. This will definitely contribute to the worldwide
distribution of the knowledge on ophthalmology between researchers and clinicians.
I would like to acknowledge each and every one of the contributors for their excellent
work on each chapter. Each one of them devoted time and effort to write a chapter,
contributing to the success of this book and the advancement of ophthalmology. I would
thank Ms. Martina Durovic and Mr. Jan Hyrat, the book Publishing Process Managers
for their expert assistance in all the issues concerning this book, to Ms. Ana Nikolic, the
Head of Editorial Consultants for her useful assistance, and for all for choosing me to be
the editor of the book. My gratitude to the technical editors for arranging the book in a
uniform format and for the publisher InTech, for undertaking this mission. Lastly,
thanks to my family, teachers, and students from whom I studied throughout the years.
X Preface

I hope that this book will be part of a series of books in all the sub-specialties of
ophthalmology, and that it will be an example for global collaboration, not only
between physicians, but also between everyone for the betterment of the humankind. I
wish you, the reader, an enjoyable journey throughout ophthalmology and I hope that
you will find the book interesting.

Shimon Rumelt, MD, MPA
Department of Ophthalmology,
Western Galilee – Nahariya Medical Center,
Nahariya,
Israel