Advances in Nuclear Physics: Volume 10 PDF
Preview Advances in Nuclear Physics: Volume 10
ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS VOLUME 10 Contributors to This Volume T. K. Alexander Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories Chalk River, Ontario, Canada B. j. Allen Australian Atomic Energy Commission Research Establishment Sutherland, Australia A. R. de L. Musgrove Australian Atomic Energy Commission Research Establishment Sutherland, Australia J. S. Forster Atomic Energy of Canada Limited Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories Chalk River, Ontario, Canada R. M. Lieder lnstitut fur Kernphysik der Kernforschungsanlage Jiilich Jiilich, West Germany H. Ryde Department of Physics University of Lund Lund, Sweden A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR PHYSICS Edited by Michel Baranger Center for Theoretical Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts Erich Vogt Department of Physics University of British Columbia Vancouver, B.C., Canada VOLUME10 Springer Science+ Business Media, LLC The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this title as follows: Advances in nuclear physics. v. 1- 1968- New York, Plenum Press. v. 24 cm. annual. Editors: 1968- M. Baranger and E. Vogt. 1. Nuclear physics-Period 1. Baranger, Michel, ed. II. Vogt, Erich W., 1929- ed. QC173.A2545 539.7'05 67-29001 ISBN 978-1-4757-4403-3 ISBN 978-1-4757-4401-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-4401-9 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 67-29001 ISBN 0-306-39111-4 © 1978 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originaily published by Plenum Press, New York in 1978 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1978 AII rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN EARLIER VOLUMES Volume 1 The Reorientation Effect • J. de Boer and J. Eichler The Nuclear SU Model • M. Harvey 3 The Hartree-Fock Theory of Deformed Light Nuclei • G. Ripka The Statistical Theory of Nuclear Reactions • E. Vogt Three-Particle Scattering - A Review of Recent Work on the Nonrelativistic Theory • I. Duck Volume 2 The Giant Dipole Resonance • B. M Spicer Polarization Phenomena in Nuclear Reactions • C. Glashausser and J. Thirion The Pairing-Plus-Quadrupole Model • D. R. Bes and R. A. Sorensen The Nuclear Potential • P. Signell Muonic Atoms • S. Devons and I. Duerdoth Volume 3 The Nuclear Three-Body Problem • A. N. Mitra The Interaction of Pions with Nuclei • D. S. Koltun Complex Spectroscopy • J. B. French, E. C. Halbert, J. B. McGrory, and S. S. M. Wong Single Nucleon Transfer in Deformed Nuclei • B. Elbek and P. 0. Tjom Isoscalar Transition Rates in Nuclei from the (O<, a:') Reaction • A. M. Bernstein Volume 4 The Investigation of Hole States in Nuclei by Means of Knockout and Other Reactions Daphne F. Jackson High-Energy Scattering from Nuclei • Wieslaw Czyi Nucleosynthesis of Charged-Particle Reactions • C. A. Barnes Nucleosynthesis and Neutron-Capture Cross Sections • B. J. Allen, J. H. Gibbons, and R. L. Macklin Nuclear Structure Studies in the Z =50 Region • Elizabeth Urey Baranger An s-d Shell-Model Study for A = 18-22 • E. C. Halbert, J. B. McGrory, B. H. Wildenthal, and S. P. Pandya Volume 5 Variational Techniques in the Nuclear Three-Body Problem • L. M Delves Nuclear Matter Calculations • Donald W. L. Sprung Clustering in Light Nuclei • Akito Arima, Hisashi Horiuchi, Kuniharu Kubodera, and Noboru Takigawa Volume 6 Nuclear Fission • A. Michaudon The Microscopic Theory of Nuclear Effective Interactions and Operators Bruce R. Ba"ett and Michael W. Kirson Two-Neutron Transfer Reactions and the Pairing Model • Ricardo Brog/ia, Ole Hansen, and Qaus Riedel Volume 7 Nucleon-Nucleus Collisions and Intermediate Structure • Aram Mekjian Coulomb Mixing Effects in Nuclei: A Survey Based on Sum Rules • A. M Lane and A. Z. Mekjian The Beta Strength Function • P. G. Hansen Gamma-Ray Strength Functions • G. A. Bartholomew, E. D. Earle, A. J. Ferguson, J. W. Knowles, and M A. Lone VolumeS Strong Interactions in A-Hypemuclei • A. Gal Off-Shell Behavior of the Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction • M K. Strivastava and D. W. L. Sprung Theoretical and Experimental Determination of Nuclear Charge Distributions • J. L. Friar and J. W. Negele Volume9 One-and Two-Nucleon Transfer Reactions with Heavy Ions Sidney Kahana and A.J. Baltz Computational Methods for Shell-Model Calculations R.R. Whitehead, A. Watt, B.J. Cole, and I. Morrison Radiative Pion Capture in Nuclei Helmut W. Baer, Kenneth M. Crowe, and Peter Truol ARTICLES PLANNED FOR FUTURE VOLUMES Multinucleon Transfer Reactions with Heavy Ions • Te"y Fortune Weak Interactions in Nuclei • H. Primakoff and C. W. Kim Clustering Phenomena in High Energy Reactions • V. G. Neudatchin, Yu. F. Smirnov, and N. F. Goluvanova Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Theory and Its Applications to Nuclei • Alan L. Goodman Hamiltonian Field Theory for Systems Nucleons and Mesons • Mark Bolsterli Twelve Years of Self-Consist Fields Calculations: What Has Been Learned • J.P. Svenne PREFACE The present volume reaffirms nuclear physics as an experimental science since the authors are primarily experimentalists and since the treatment of the topics might be said to be "experimental." (This is no reflection on the theoretical competence of any of the authors.) The subject of high-spin phenomena in heavy nuclei has grown much beyond the idea of "backbending" which gave such an impetus to its study five years ago. It is a rich, new field to which Lieder and Ryde have contributed greatly. The article "Valence and Doorway Mechanisms in Resonance Neutron Capture" is, in contradistinction, an article pertaining to one of the oldest branches of nuclear physics-and it brings back one of our previous authors. The Doppler-shift method, reviewed by Alexander and Forster, is one of the important new experimental techniques that emerged in the previous decade. This review is intended, deliberately, to describe thoroughly a classic technique whose elegance epitomizes much of the fascination which nuclear physics techniques have held for a generation of scientists. This volume concludes the work on the Advances in Nuclear Physics series of one of the editors (M. Baranger), whose judgment and style characterize that which is best in the first ten volumes. Many of our readers and most of our authors will be grateful for the high standards which marked his contributions and which often elicited extra labor from the many authors of the series. E. W. VoGT vii PREFACE TO VOLUME 1 The aim of Advances in Nuclear Physics is to provide review papers which chart the field of nuclear physics with some regularity and completeness. We define the field of nuclear physics as that which deals with the structure and behavior of atomic nuclei. Although many good books and reviews on nuclear physics are available, none attempts to provide a coverage which is at the same time continuing and reasonably complete. Many people have felt the need for a new series to fill this gap and this is the ambition of Advances in Nuclear Physics. The articles will be aimed at a wide audience, from research students to active research workers. The selection of topics and their treatment will be varied but the basic viewpoint will be pedagogical. In the past two decades the field of nuclear physics has achieved its own identity, occupying a central position between elementary particle physics on one side and atomic and solid state physics on the other. Nuclear physics is remarkable both by its unity, which it derives from its concise boundaries, and by its amazing diversity, which stems from the multiplicity of experimental approaches and from the complexity of the nucleon-nucleon force. Physicists specializing in one aspect of this strongly unified, yet very complex, field find it imperative to stay well-informed of the other aspects. This provides a strong motivation for a comprehensive series of reviews. Additional motivation arises from outside the community of nuclear physi cists, through the inevitable occurrence of the nucleus as an accessory or as a tool in other fields of physics, and through its importance for terrestrial and stellar energy sources. We hope to provide a varied selection of reviews in nuclear physics with a varied approach. The topics chosen will range over the field, the emphasis being on physics rather than on theoretical or experimental techniques. Some effort will be made to include regularly topics of great current interest which need to be made accessible by adequate reviews. Other reviews will attempt to bring older topics into clearer focus. The aim will be to attract the interest of both the active research worker and the research student. Authors will be asked to direct their article toward the maximum number of readers by separating clearly the technical material from the more basic ix X Preface to Volume 1 aspects of the subject and by adopting a pedagogical point of view rather than giving a simple recital of recent results. Initially, the Advances are scheduled to appear about once a year with approximately six articles per volume. To ensure rapid publication of the papers, we shall use the "stream" technique, successfully employed for series in other fields. A considerable number of planned future articles constitute the source of the stream. The flow of articles from the source takes place primarily to suit the convenience of the authors, rather than to include any particular subset of articles in a given volume. Any attempt at a systematic classification of the reviews would result in considerable publication delays. Instead, each volume is published as soon as an appropriate number of articles have been completed; but some effort is made to achieve simultaneity, so that the spread in completion dates of the articles in a given volume is much less than the interval between volumes. A list of articles planned for future volumes is given on page v. The prospective articles together with those in this first volume still fall far short of our long-range aims for coverage of the field of nuclear physics. In partic ular, we definitely intend to present more articles on experimental topics. We shall eagerly receive and discuss outside suggestions of topics for additional papers, and especially suggestions of suitable authors to write them. The editors owe a great deal to the authors of the present volume for their cooperation in its rapid completion, and to many colleagues who have already given advice about the series. In embarking on this venture, we have had the support of Plenum Press, a relatively new publisher in the field of physics, and of its vice-president, Alan Liss, who has an almost unmatched back ground in physics publications. M. BARANGER E. VoGT October 15, 1967 CONTENTS Chapter 1 PHENOMENA IN FAST ROTATING HEAVY NUCLEI R. M. Lieder and H. Ryde 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Nuclear Structure at Large Angular Momenta 2 3. Region of High-Spin States (I< 22) . . . . . 6 3.1. Study of Ground-State Bands of Even-Mass Nuclei 6 3.2. The Backbending Effect in Deformed Even-Mass Nuclei 10 3.3. Band Crossing in Even-Mass Nuclei . . . . . . . 21 3.4. Properties of High-Spin States in Even-Mass Nuclei . . 25 3.5. Theory of Rotational Nuclei . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.6. Strongly Coupled Bands in Odd-Mass Nuclei and Their Perturbation by Coriolis Effects . . . . . . 57 3.7. Rotation-Aligned Bands in Odd-Mass Nuclei . . . . 59 3.8. The Backbending Effect in Odd-Mass Nuclei . . . . 76 3.9. Two-Quasiparticle-Aligned Bands in Even-Mass Nuclei 87 4. Region of Very-High-Spin States (/ > 22) . . . . . . . 97 4.1. Compound-Nucleus Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . 98 4.2. Multiplicity of the y-Rays in Heavy-Ion Reactions . . 104 4.3. Energy and Angular Distributions of the y-Rays in Heavy- Ion Reactions . 111 5. Summary . . 115 Acknowledgment . 116 References 117 xi
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