Wei Tsang Ooi Cees G.M. Snoek Hung Khoon Tan Chin-Kuan Ho Benoit Huet Chong-Wah Ngo (Eds.) Advances in Multimedia 9 7 8 Information Processing – 8 S C PCM 2014 N L 15th Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia Kuching, Malaysia, December 1–4, 2014 Proceedings 123 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8879 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen TUDortmundUniversity,Germany DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany Wei Tsang Ooi Cees G.M. Snoek Hung Khoon Tan Chin-Kuan Ho Benoit Huet Chong-Wah Ngo (Eds.) Advances in Multimedia Information Processing – PCM 2014 15th Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia Kuching, Malaysia, December 1-4, 2014 Proceedings 1 3 VolumeEditors WeiTsangOoi NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore E-mail:[email protected] CeesG.M.Snoek UniversityofAmsterdam,TheNetherlands E-mail:[email protected] HungKhoonTan UniversitiTunkuAbdulRahman,Kampar,Perak,Malaysia E-mail:[email protected] Chin-KuanHo MultimediaUniversity,Cyberjaya,Selangor,Malaysia E-mail:[email protected] BenoitHuet EURECOM,SophiaAntipolis,France E-mail:[email protected] Chong-WahNgo CityUniversityofHongKong,Kowloon,HongKong,China E-mail:[email protected] ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349 ISBN978-3-319-13167-2 e-ISBN978-3-319-13168-9 DOI10.1007/978-3-319-13168-9 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014953543 LNCSSublibrary:SL3–InformationSystemsandApplication,incl.Internet/Web andHCI ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection withreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredand executedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthePublisher’slocation, inistcurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Permissionsforuse maybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violationsareliabletoprosecution undertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication, neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityforanyerrorsor omissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothe materialcontainedherein. Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface WelcometotheproceedingsofthePacific-RimConferenceonMultimedia(PCM 2014), held December 1–4, 2014, in Kuching, Malaysia. The Pacific-Rim Con- ference on Multimedia is a leading international conference for researchers and industry practitioners to share and showcase their new ideas, original research results, and engineering development experiences from areas related to multi- media data types. The 2014 edition of PCM marked its 15th anniversary. The longevity of the conference would not be possible without the strong support of the research community, and we take this opportunity to thank everyone who has contributed to the growth of the conference in one way or another in the last 15 years. Thisyear’sconferencewasheldinthebeautifulandhistoricalcityofKuching, thecapitalofthestateofSarawak,Malaysia.Acityofgreathistoryandlegends, Kuching is known as the Camelot of the White Rajahs, referring to the English Brooke family that ruled the Kingdom of Sarawak for slightly over a century, until1946.LocatedonBorneo,thethirdlargestislandintheworldandhometo one of the oldest rainforests in the world, Kuching and its region are filled with touristattractionssuchas the BakoNational Park,SemenggohWildlife Center, Sarawak Museum, and the Sarawak Cultural Village. PCM2014featuredacomprehensiveprogramincludingaworkshopon“Mul- timedia Big Data Analytics,” two tutorials on “Context-Aware Multimedia Re- trieval and Delivery” and “Depth-Based 3D Video Techniques and Systems,” ten oral presentation sessions, a best paper candidates session, a poster and demonstrationsession, and a special sessionon“ImageAnalysis and Processing Under Extra Help.” The conference received 84 submissions, covering topics in multimediacontentanalysis,multimediasignalprocessingandcommunications, as well as multimedia applications and services. The submissions were reviewed bya strongtechnicalProgramCommittee, consistingof82reviewers.Eachsub- mission was reviewed by at least three reviewers. The ProgramChairs carefully considered the input and feedback from the reviewers and accepted 41 papers for presentation at the conference. Out of these accepted papers, 36 were pre- sentedasoral,three were presentedas posters,andtwoas demos. Moreover,we had four papers presented in the special session. The technical program is an importantaspectbutonlyprovidesitsfullimpactifintroducedbyachallenging keynote. We are pleased with and thankful to our keynote speaker, Roger Zim- mermann,forhavingacceptedtopresenthisworkatthePacific-RimConference on Multimedia 2014. We are heavily indebted to many individuals for their significant contribu- tion. We thank the PCM Steering Committee for their invaluable input and guidance on crucial decisions. We wish to acknowledge and express our deepest appreciation to the Organizing Committee who worked hard to ensure that all VI Preface aspectsoftheconferencewentsmoothly. ThevariousPCM2014programswere organizedbythespecialsessionchairs,LexingXieandJianfeiCai,theworkshop chairs,Liang-TienChiaandRalphEwerth,thetutorialchairs,WinstonHsuand RogerZimmermann, the panel chairs,Pablo CesarandShin’ichi Satoh, andthe demo chairs, Christian Timmerer, and Xueliang Liu. Klaus Schoeffmann, Jun Wang, and Jinhui Tang helped to publicize the conference. The conference Web and social media presence were championed by Xiao-Yong Wei and Lai-Kuan Wong.Finally, aspecial nodgoesto Kok-WhyNg, Choo-YeeTing,C. Eswaran, Noramiza Hashim, and Poo Kuan Hoong who made all the necessary local ar- rangements and logistics for PCM 2014 to take place smoothly. We gratefully thank the SarawakConventionBureau for their generous sup- port of PCM 2014, which made several key aspects of the conference possible. Finally, we wish to thank all committee members, reviewers, session chairs, student volunteers, and supporters. Their contributions are much appreciated. Wehopeyouallenjoytheproceedingsofthe2014ConferenceonMultimedia. December 2014 Wei Tsang Ooi Cees G.M. Snoek Hung Khoon Tan Chin Kuan Ho Benoit Huet Chong-Wah Ngo Organization Program Committee Hezerul Abdul Karim Multimedia University, Malaysia Pradeep Atrey State University of New York at Albany, USA Marco Bertini Universit`a degli Studi di Firenze, Italy Yoong Choon Chang Multimedia University, Malaysia Kuan-Ta Chen Academia Sinica, Taiwan Xiangyu Chen Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore Wen-Huang Cheng Academia Sinica, Taiwan Lai-Tee Cheok Singapore Management University, Singapore Ngai-Man Cheung SingaporeUniversityofTechnologyandDesign, Singapore Chen-Kuo Chiang National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan Wei-Ta Chu National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan Gianfranco Doretto West Virginia University, USA Lingyu Duan Peking University, China Abdulmotaleb El Saddik University of Ottawa, Canada Ralph Ewerth Jena University of Applied Sciences, Germany Jianping Fan UniversityofNorthCarolinaatCharlotte,USA Chiou-Shann Fuh National Taiwan University, Taiwan Margrit Gelautz Vienna University of Technology, Austria Bernard Ghanem Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore Richang Hong Hefei University of Technology, China Jian Hou Bohai University, China Changbo Hu University of Texas, USA Min-Chun Hu National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Chun-Rong Huang National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan Naoyuki Ichimura National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan Bogdan Ionescu University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania Daisuke Iwai Osaka University, Japan Yoshio Iwai Tottori University, Japan Rongrong Ji Xiamen Unviersity, China Jinyuan Jia Tongji University, China Shen Jialie Singapore Management University, Singapore Lu Jiang Carnegie Mellon University, USA Yu-Gang Jiang Fudan University, China VIII Organization Xin Jin Yahoo Inc., USA Xin Jin Tsinghua University, China Li-Wei Kang National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Taiwan Mario Koeppen Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan Shang-Hong Lai National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan Congyan Lang Beijing Jiaotong University, China Duy-Dinh Le National Institute of Informatics, Japan Tung-Ying Lee National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan Haojie Li Dalian University of Technology, China Xirong Li Renmin University of China, China Ke Liang Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore Guo-Shiang Lin Da-Yeh University, Taiwan Damon Shing-Min Liu National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan Dong Liu Columbia University, USA Xueliang Liu Hefei University of Technology, China Hong Lu Fudan University, China Mathias Lux Klagenfurt University, Austria Yasushi Makihara Osaka University, Japan Vasileios Mezaris Information Technologies Institute/ Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece Dongbo Min Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore Hui-Fuang Ng Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia Cheng Qimin Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China Yanyun Qu Xiamen University, China Jason Quinlan University College Cork, Ireland Miriam Redi Yahoo, USA Hong Richang Hefei University of Technology, China Stevan Rudinac University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands Mukesh Saini University of Ottawa, Canada Jie Shao University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China Yu-Wing Tai KAIST, Republic of Korea Masayuki Tanaka Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Chun-Jen Tsai National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan Kong-Wah Wan Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore Meng Wang AKiiRA Media Systems Inc., USA Yu-Chiang Frank Wang Academia Sinica, Taiwan Zhi Wang Tsinghua University, China Xiao-Yong Wei Sichuan University, China Fei Wu Zhejiang University, China Lifang Wu Beijing University Of Technology, China Xiao Wu Southwest Jiaotong University, China Organization IX Changsheng Xu Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Jizheng Xu Microsoft Research Asia, China Yuedong Xu Fudan University, China Shuicheng Yan National University of Singapore, Singapore Yang Yang National University of Singapore, Singapore Mei-Chen Yeh National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan Zheng-Jun Zha Hefei Institute ofIntelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Guangtao Zhai University of Erlangen Nuremberg, Germany Yao Zhao Beijing Jiaotong University, China Yan-Tao Zheng Google Inc., USA Xiangdong Zhou Fudan University, China Shiai Zhu City University of Hong Kong, SAR China Roger Zimmermann National University of Singapore, Singapore Additional Reviewers Hao, Shijie Redi, Miriam Hao, Yanbin Shao, Xi Huan, Li Siyahjani, Farzad Jingjing, Chen Song, Ge Li, Yingbo Timmerer, Christian Lo, Li-Yun Tripathi, Ashish Mohammed Yakubu, Abukari Wei, Zhuo Motiian, Saeid Wu, Zuxuan Pan, Tse-Yu Zhang, Wei Piccirilli, Marco Mobile Videos with Contextual Geo-Properties (Keynote Abstract) Roger Zimmermann Department of Computer Science Nantional University of Singapore Singapore [email protected] Abstract. Multimedia datasuch audio,images and videosare increas- ingly combined with other streams of contextual information such as, for example, geo-positions. The widespread availability of smartphones and tablets and the rapid improvement of integrated sensor hardware has enabled the acquisition of high-quality user-generated videos that areannotatedwithgeo-properties.Thecontextualmeta-data(e.g.,GPS and thedigital compass values) providea continuousstream of location andviewingdirectioninformation andleadtotheconceptofsensor-rich videos. This contextual information is considerably smaller in size than the visual content and is helpful in effectively and efficiently managing largerepositoriesofvideos.Thistalkpresentsonoverviewofourgroup’s workintheareasofgeo-referenced,sensor-richvideomanagement.Iwill describe some of the technologies that we have developed and our ex- perimental experiences. Utilizing sensor meta-data effectively presents many challenges in query processing, especially because real-world sen- sor data is noisy and sometimes inaccurate. In this talk I will present some of the challenges raised by large-scale geo-referenced applications, some approaches and solutions, and futureopportunities.