Advances in Multi-photon Processes and Spectroscopy

282 Pages·2010·17.14 MB·English

by  A A Villaeys, S. H. Lin, Y. Fujimura

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Published by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ADVANCES IN MULTI-PHOTON PROCESSES AND SPECTROSCOPY
Volume 19
Copyright © 2010 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval
system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher.
For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright
Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to
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ISBN-13 978-981-4293-58-7
ISBN-10 981-4293-58-X
Typeset by Stallion Press
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PREFACE
In view of the rapid growth in both experimental and theoretical studies
of multi-photon processes and multi-photon spectroscopy of atoms, ions,
and molecules in chemistry, physics, biology, material science, etc., it is
desirable to publish an advanced series that contains review papers readable
not only by active researchers in these areas, but also by those who are non-
experts but wish to enter the field. The present volume attempts to serve
this purpose. Each chapter is written in a self-contained manner by the
experts in their own area of expertise so that general readers can grasp the
knowledge in that area without too much preparation.
This volume covers five main topics: the first one involves experimental
studies on “Dynamics of the vibrationally excited molecules and clusters
studied by IR-UV and UV-IR double resonance spectroscopy”, and on
“Dynamics of liquid droplet excited by IR multi-photon spectroscopy”.
The second topic involves electron and/or nuclear dynamics of atoms and
molecules in intense laser fields: “Electron spectroscopy of molecules in
intense laser fields” and “Selective bond breaking in dissociative ionization
of ethanol induced by tailored intense laser fields”. The third topic is
associated with material science: “Evolution of transient structures in
solids and liquids by means of time resolved X-ray diffraction and X-ray
absorption fine structure”, while the fourth topic is about “Photonic crystal”
and its applications. The fifth topic is related to information science:
“Quantum computing and entanglement generation by using intramolecular
degrees of freedom”.
The editors wish to thank the authors for their important contributions.
It is hoped that the collection of topics in this volume will be useful not
only to active researchers but also to other scientists in biology, chemistry,
physics, material science, and information science.
S. H. Lin,
A. A. Villaeys,
Y. Fujimura
v
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CONTENTS
Preface v
1. Dynamics of the Vibrationally Excited Molecules
and Clusters Studied by IR-UV and UV-IR Double
Resonance Spectroscopy 1
Takayuki Ebata
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Excitation Scheme and Experimental Setup . . . . . . . 4
2.1. Picosecond IR-UV pump–probe spectroscopy for
VER in S0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. UV-IR double resonance spectroscopy
for VER in S1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Picosecond Time-Resolved IR-UV Pump–Probe Study
of VER in the Electronic Ground State . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1. IVR of the OH stretching vibration of phenol
and its isotopomer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2. IVR of the NH2 stretching vibration of aniline
and its isotopmer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3. IVR and VP of the OH stretch vibration of the
H-bonded clusters of phenol . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4. VER Dynamics in the Electronic Excited State Studied
by UV-IR Double Resonance Spectroscopy — Application
to 2-Naphthol and Its H-Bonded Clusters . . . . . . . . 18
4.1. IR spectra of 2-naphthol and its H-bonded clusters
in the S1 state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4.2. VER dynamics after the UV-IR excitation of bare
2-naphthol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
vii
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viii Advances in Multi-Photon Processes and Spectroscopy
4.3. VER dynamics after the UV-IR excitation
of H-bonded clusters of 2-naphthol . . . . . . . . . 21
4.3.1. 2-Naphthol-H2O H-bonded cluster . . . . . 21
4.3.2. 2-Naphthol-CH3OH H-bonded cluster . . . 22
4.3.3. 2-Naphthol-NH3 H-bonded cluster . . . . . 22
4.3.4. Energetics and the dynamics of the H-bond
dissociation and cis → trans isomerization
of the H-bonded cluster of 2-naphthol . . . . 23
5. Conclusions and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2. Dynamics of a Liquid Droplet Excited by Infrared
Multi-Photon Absorption 31
Akira Terasaki
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2. Background of Liquid Droplet Dynamics . . . . . . . . 34
3. Time-Resolved Imaging Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.1. Experimental procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.2. Resonant vibrational excitation . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.3. Excitation at resonance edge . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.4. Comparison between resonant and resonance-edge
excitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4. Model Simulation Using Molecular Dynamics . . . . . 51
4.1. Simulation procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.2. Collective motions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.3. Energy dissipation processes upon hemisphere
excitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.3.1. A typical disintegration process observed
in snapshots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4.3.2. Critical energies in the disintegration
dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.3.3. Dynamics in the unexcited region: A shock
wave generated above a critical energy . . . 59
5. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
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Contents ix
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3. Electron Spectroscopy of Molecules in Intense Laser Fields 67
M. Okunishi, G. Prümper and K. Ueda
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2. Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
3. Comparison Between Molecular and Atomic Electron
Spectra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
4. Photoelectron Angular Distributions in the
Rescattering Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4.1. Atomic case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.2. Molecular case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4. Selective Bond Breaking in Dissociative Ionization
of Ethanol Induced by Tailored Intense Laser Fields 93
Ryuji Itakura, Kaoru Yamanouchi, and Fumihiko Kannari
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2. Pulse Shaping Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
3. Response of Ethanol to a Variety of Laser
Pulse Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.1. Linear chirp dependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.2. Pulse train . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
3.3. Adaptive control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
3.4. Frequency-doubled fields (2ω) and two-color
fields (ω + 2ω) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
4. Summary and Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112