Table Of Content

Attilio Sacripanti Advances in Judo Biomechanics Research “Modern Evolution on Ancient Roots.” Photos by David Finch And by Tamas Zahonyi, IJF Archiv (by Courtesy of IJF President) 2 Judo Biomechanics on the Tatami The Author during a technical practical lesson of Ne Waza judo Biomechanics fifteen years ago in Italy Annotated guide to eight different book’s lectures I.1-I.1.10 =Essential in Biomechanics I.1.11= Talent Identification I.2-I.2.4-VII.4= Advances in Biomechanics II-III-V-VI= Basic and modern Judo IV.1-IV.1.2-IV.2 = Conditioning Classical Principles and New Trend IV.3-IV.3.2 = Technical teaching (Children-Adult) VII-VIII = Coaching (classical and advanced) App. I+ App. II+ App. III= Advanced Non Linear Mathematical Lectures. I,II,….VIII = Chapters 1,2,3…..10 = Paragraphs App I, II, III = Appendix 3 4 Table of Contents Aknowledgments pag 8 Foreword By Dr Matteo Pellicone President of the Italian Judo Federation FIJLKAM pag 9 Foreword By Mr Sergey Soloveychik President of the European JudoUnion EJU pag 10 Foreword By Mr Marius L. Vizer President of the International Judo Federation IJF pag 11 Introduction to the English Edition 2009 “Very strong roots for a big tree”. pag 12 Introduction to the Italian Edition 1988 Zen, Physics and Judo. pag13 Part One Biomechanics for modern Sport Chapter 1 Biomechanics 1.1 Classical Biomechanics pag 17 1.1.1 Biomechanical Athlete pag 18 1.1.2 Warm up and Biomechanics of Muscular System pag 19 1.1.3 Deformation of Biomechanical Athlete, Energy, and Fatigue 1.1.4 Biomechanics of Motor Actions 1.1.5 Human Body Equilibrium and Stability 1.1.6 Human Body Centre of Mass 1.1.7 On Site Body’s Rotation (Tai Sabaki) 1.1.8 Locomotion (Ayumi Ashi, Tsugi Ashi ) 1.1.9 Reflexes and Motor Control 1.1.10 Biomechanical Classification of Sports 1.1.11 How to find a good Judoka? With a multiregression equation! 1.2 Advances in Biomechanics 1.2.1 Astonishing Information on Muscular Contraction 1.2.2 Fractals in Heart Rate 1.2.3 Fractals in Breathing Patterns 1.2.4 Multifractals in Human Gait 5 Part Two Judo Chapter 2 Three basic Judo Principles 2.1 Straight line unbalances (Happo No Kuzushi) 2.2 Abdominal Energy Exploitation (Hara gei) 2.3 Placement and basic grips (Shizen on Tai; Kihon Kumi Kata) Chapter 3 Three advanced Judo Principles 3.1 Static and Dynamic Rotational Unbalances (Tai Sabaki) 3.2 Initiative as exploitation of kinetic energy and angular momentum (Sen [ Renzoku and Renraku Waza]) (Go no Sen [Bogyo Waza]) (Sen no Sen [Kaeshi Waza]) The Russian approach to Initiative 3.3 Relative Range, Grips, and Timing (Mai Ai, Kumi Kata, Kobo Ichi) The Japanese way The Russian way Chapter 4 Biomechanical principles of Judo Training 4.1 Conditioning: Classical linear approximation Some special advanced methods 4.1.1 Advances in linear conditioning: software help 4.1.2 Advances in linear conditioning: Special Biomechanical Instruments 4.2 Conditioning: New Trends non linear approximation 4.3 Technical training 4.3.1 Technical teaching methods historical Analysis (Go Kyo and Others) 4.3.1.1 Cognitive classifications, 4.3.1.2 Cognitive motor lernings arrangments 4.3.1.2.1 Children area 4.3.1.2.2 Adult area 4.3.2 Technical teaching methods for elite athletes’ modern biomechanical approach Chapter 5 Biomechanics of Throwing Techniques. (Tachi waza) 5.1 Biomechanics of Falls Control (Ukemi) 5.1.1 Non Orthodox Falling Techniques (Agonistic Ukemi) 5.1.2.1 Turnouts: In search of new way 5.2 Biomechanical classification of judo throwing Techniques 5.2.1 Biomechanical Analysis of some selected researches on Throws a. Kinematic and Kinetic Parameters b. Energy Cost 6 . Chapter 6 Biomechanics of Groundwork Techniques. (Ne Waza) 6.1 Holds Physical principle and Classification (Osae Waza) 6.2 Choking Physical Principle and Classification (Shime Waza) 6.2.1 Physiological effects. 6.3 Joint Locks Physical Principle and Classification (Kansetsu Waza) 6.3.1 Physiological effects. Chapter 7 Competition (Shiai) 7.1 Competition Classical Approach for Coaches and Athletes Competition: classical evaluation for Coaches a. Energy Consumption b. Athletes motion pattern c. Grips (for Interaction) Competition: classical Athletes approach a. Study of the starting phase b. Connecting grips with throwing c. Tricks and New techniques d. Shortening attack time e. Skill techniques evolution f. Connection Tachi Waza-Ne Waza 7.2 Initiative as Psychological tool, Strategy and Tactics 7.3 Scientific Studies on Competition a Survey a. Competition statistical study b. Male Athletes c. Female vs. Male Athletes d. Female Athletes e. Studies on Dynamics of competition (Kalina Method) f. Conclusion about competition scientific studies 7.4 Competition at light of Advanced Biomechanics. a. Basic Biomechanical parameters able to obtain the most effective performance a.1 Shifting Velocity a.2 Attack Speed against Reaction Capability a.3 Bodies’ Relative Positioning Management b. Biomechanics of competition: some classical remarks. c. Acting External forces on the Couple of Athlete System d. Couple of Athlete System internal forces, motion analysis 7 e. Interaction (Throws) Connection on Shifting Velocity f. Athletes’ Interaction Chapter 8 Advanced Coaching -Match Analysis in Judo 8.1 First Step in Match Analysis: Physiological data for training 8.2 Second level in Match Analysis: Technical biomechanical Improvement, Action Invariants and Competition Invariants. 8.3 Third Step in Match Analysis: Local and Whole Fight Strategies 8.4 Main Use of Judo Match Analysis: Adversary’s scouting. 8.5 JUDO:The Next Generation (virtual training) Bibliography Appendices Judo beyond Legend Man and Judo Scientific Complexities Appendix I A Physical Complex System Biomechanical theory of judo competition Appendix II Non Linearity in Human Body Movement and Man at the end of the random walk Appendix III How Athletes shift during fights Competitions’ Judo Patterns in Computational Biomechanics and fighting strategy indication 8 Aknowledgments Many thanks: To David Waterhouse Prof Emeritus at University of Toronto, who first pushed me to translate my book and start with the second edition. To my Friends “in Science”: Prof Brousse from France, Prof Franchini from Brazil, Prof Imamura from United States, Dr Emanuela Pierantozzi from Italy, Prof. Stercowicz from Poland, Prof Trilles From France, Prof Vieten from Germany, Prof Villamon from Spain, Prof Villani from Italy for the invaluable help and support in the scientific up date of my book. Thanks to Mr Finch, that with his professional treasure of Judo photographs helped me to explain in easy way, difficult Judo application or concepts. Thanks to Mr Tamas Zahonyi ( IJF) for his pictures. Thanks a lot to Mr Vizer for giving me all IJF pictures as courtesy to incourage the scientific approach to judo To my graduated Dr.Antonella Scisciola who translated for me two chapters from the first edition thanks for the fond and generous help. To my University’s Assistant Eleni Grimpampi PhD from Greece, for his silent work To Dr. Pellicone and Mr Soloveychik and Mr Vizer for their forewords To Mr. Envic Galea who supported me with his friendship. To my friend Prof. Pasculli from his invaluable help in the Appendix III redaction, To my Judo friends: Alfredo Monti 7° Dan and Nicola Tempesta 8° Dan for our deep and useful Judo discussions. To Malta Judo federation , which I’m Honorary member, for the proofing. And to my wife Valeria that showed a very impressive patience. 9 Foreword By Dr Matteo Pellicone President of the Italian Judo Federation FIJLKAM Twenty years ago, I promoted the first (Italian edition) of this book, always careful to the binomial connection Sport and Science. Now, after so long time, it is a great pleasure for me to present to the worldwide judo lovers the last work produced by Prof Sacripanti, on the Advances in Judo Biomechanics Research. He is one of the most well-known biomechanists in the field of Judo Biomechanics. He started his research many decades ago (1982) with our Federation and he made a significant contribution in this field by the first complete biomechanical approach and classification to judo techniques (Athens 1987). Professor Attilio Sacripanti is a black belt roku Dan and former EJU B Referee, but few people knows that the author looks a wide ranging man that ranges from the nuclear Physics to the Judo Biomechanics, to the Chess Mastery. His production is astonishing: author of 121 scientific papers with more o less 35 international quotations (from Japan, and China by EU to US and South America); 15 books ranging from Sports and Judo Biomechanics, to Tunnel Safety, to Chess Openings, to Robotics; 8 industrial patents ranging from the environmental protection trough laser welding and sportive shoes till to safety robots. In the last four years, he managed an Italian global safety project: 35 researches projects among industries, university and researches centres, on Highway, Railway, and Underground tunnels named SITI ( Safety In Tunnel Intelligence) with founds of the Italian Research Ministry for 15 Million Euro. He is Senior Prime Researcher at ENEA (Italian Agency for Technological Innovation, Environment and Energy) and last but not least he has the Chair of Biomechanics of Sports at University of Rome Tor Vergata from 2000 till now. Professor Sacripanti divided this book in two main parts Biomechanics and Judo with an overview of the most recent up date, both in judo and biomechanics. The Biomechanics part is intriguing presenting the last knowledge that perhaps display doubts about the limits of the actual conditioning practice and competition data. The Judo part presents at first, a review of the most important scientific advances carried out in the world, both from Universities and Judo Federations. It is performed also a deep analysis on the changes which evolved in Judo, during this time, starting: from the Russian Style analysis compared with the Japanese one, to the most important technical classifications and teaching methodologies which were born in the EU, and a careful study of competition looking both at new techniques and at the points of interest of coaches and athletes. After an analysis of most important biomechanical parameters for competition, the last part of the book is dedicated to Match Analysis application on Judo, with a short look at the future and a potential Virtual Reality application to training. 10