Advances in Immunology [Vol 42] - F. Dixon (AP, 1988) WW

353 Pages·1988·18.48 MB·English

A D V A N C E S I N

I m m u n o l o g y

V O L U M E 4 2

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ADVANCES IN
Immunology

EDITED BY

FRANK J. DIXON

Scripps Clinic and Research bondation
La Jolla, California

ASSOCIATE EDITORS

K. FRANK AUSTEN
LEROY E. HOOD
JONATHAN W. UHR

VOLUME 42

ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers

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PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF Ah4ERICA

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CONTENTS

The Clonotype Repertoire of B Cell Subpopulgtions
NORMAN
R. KLINMAN
AND PHYLLIS-JEAN
LINTON

I. Introduction
11. The Mechanics of Variable Region Gene Expression
111. Unresolved Issues Concerning V Region Expression
IV. The Relative Role of Random Somatic Events versus Evolutionary Selection

V. The Impact of Environment on Primary B Cell Repertoire Expression
in V Region Expression

VI. The Relationship of B Cell Repertoire Expression and B Cell Subpopulations
VII. Conclusions
References

The Molecular Genetics of the Arsonate ldiotypic System of A/J Mice
GARY RATHBUN,
INAKI SANZ, KATHERYN
MEEK, PHILIP
TUCKER,
AND J. DONALD
CAPRA

I. Introduction
11. The Arsonate System
111. Molecular Genetics of the Ars A Heavy Chain
IV. The Ars A V, Gene Segment as a Probe into the J558 V, Gene
V. Organization of the Murine V, Complex
VI. Molecular Genetics of the Ars A Light Chain
VII. Serologic and Structural Analyses of Ab2 Antibodies in the Arsonate System
VIII. Conclusions
References

The lnterleukin 2 Receptor
KENDALL
A. SMITH

I. Introduction
11. IG2 Receptor Structure
111. IG2 Binding Characteristics Based on the a, fl Heterodimer Receptor Structure
IV. (Y Chains Transduce the Growth Signal

VI. The Functional Consequences of the Noncovalent Biomolecular I L 2

VII. Conclusions

V. The Regulation of IG2 Receptor Expression

Receptor Structure

References

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vi
CONTENTS

Characterization of Functional Surface Structures on Human Natural Killer Cells
JEROME
RITZ, REINHOLD
E. S C H M I ~ ,
JEAN MICHON, THIERRY
HERCEND,
AND
STUART
F. SCHLDSSMAN

I. Introduction
11. Clonal Human NK Cell Lines
111. NK Cell Phenotype
IV. Antigens Involved in NK Effector-Target Cell Interactions

VI. Rearrangement and Expression of T Cell Receptor Genes in NK Cells
VII. Summary
References

V. lkget Antigen for NKHl'CD3+NKlhm' Clones-TN%AR

The Common Mediator of Shock, Cachexia, and Tumor Necrosis
B. BEUTLER
AND A. CERAMI

I. Introduction
11. The Dual Nature of Cachectin (TNF)
111. The Structure of CachectidTNF
IV. Toxic Effects of Cachectin
V. Cachectin Biosynthesis: Cellular Source, Inducing Stimuli, and
Kinetics of Synthesis and Release
VI. The Effects of Cachectin on Various Cells and Tissues
VII. Characterization of the Cachectin Receptor
VIII. The Beneficial Effect of Cachectin
References

Myasthenia Gravis
JON LINDSTROM,
DIANE SHELTDN,
AND YOSHITAKA
FUJII

I. Introduction
11. Etiology
111. Diagnosis
IV. Pathology
V. Therapy
VI. Prospects
References

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CONTENTS
vii

Alterations of the Immune System in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
RICHARD
P. MACDERMOTT
AND WILLIAM
F. STENSON

I. Introduction
11. Genetic Markers
111. Alterations of Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Function in IBD
IV. Serum Antibodies and DR Antigens
V. Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
VI. Immunopathology of IBD
VII. Immunoregulatory Alterations
VIII. Antibody Secretion
IX. Granulocyte Function
X. Products of the Complement Pathway
XI. Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes
XII. Immunopharmacology
XIII. Theories of Pathogenesis
References

INDEX
CONTENTS
OF RECENT
VOLUMES

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ADVANCES IN IMMUNOLOGY, VOL. 42

The Clonotype Repertoire
of B Cell Subpopulations

NORMAN R. KLINMAN AND PHYLLIS-JEAN LINTON

hpartment of Immunology,
Research Institute of Scripps Clinic,
La Jolla, California 92037

1. Introduction

Hallmarks of the immune system include (1) the extraordinary
diversity of clonally distributed recognition molecules, (2) the ability
to discriminately recognize self versus nonself, and (3) cognate
interactions that rely on subtle differences in the affinity of receptor-
ligand interactions to delineate triggering versus nontriggering events
and to provide powerful selective forces for the somatic evolution of
responses. The keys to unraveling this intricate biosystem have been
the elucidation of the clonal selection hypothesis (Burnet, 1959) and
the consequent analysis of the immune system at the clonal and
molecular levels. As of a decade ago, when the subject of the murine B
cell clonotype repertoire was last reviewed in this series (Sigal and
Klinman, 1978), the fundamental concept of antibody specificity
arising from the interplay of highly selective stimulatory processes
operating on an extremely diverse repertoire of clonally distributed
specificities was already evident. However, at that time both clonal
and molecular approaches were only beginning to impact on our
understanding.
In the intervening years, remaining doubts concerning the monopo-
tentiality and integrity of clonal responses have dissipated. Most
importantly, the analysis of monoclonal antibody-producing cell pop-
ulations, particularly hybridomas, through the use of gene cloning
technology has provided substantial gains in our understanding of (1)
the molecular basis of the extraordinary diversity of the B cell
repertoire, (2) the patterned developmental acquisition of the variable
region repertoire, (3) the mechanism of isotype switching, (4) the
molecular basis for polymorphic disparities in repertoire expression,
and (5) the role of somatic mutation as the basis for the generation and
selection of novel specificities subsequent to antigenic stimulation. At
the same time, the availability of monoclonal antibodies against cell
1

Copyright 0 1966 by Academic Press, Inc.
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