Advances in Haploid Production in Higher Plants

340 Pages·2009·6.857 MB·English

by  M. Wędzony, B. P. Forster, I. Żur (auth.), Dr. Alisher Touraev, Dr. Brain P. Forster, Dr. S. Mohan Jain (eds.)

Advances in Haploid Production
in Higher Plants
Alisher Touraev (cid:129) Brian P. Forster (cid:129) S. Mohan Jain
Editors
Advances in Haploid
Production in Higher Plants
Editors
Dr. Alisher Touraev Dr. S. Mohan Jain
Max F. Perutz Laboratories University of Helsinki
University of Vienna Department of Applied Biology
Dr Bohrgasse 9/4 FI-00014 Helsinki
1030 Vienna Latokartanonkaari 5
Austria Finland
Dr. Brian P. Forster
BioHybrids International Ltd.
Earley, Reading
RG6 5FY United Kingdom
ISBN 978-1-4020-8853-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-8854-4
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008831064
© 2009 Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
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Preface
The importance of haploids is well known to geneticists and plant breeders.
The discovery of anther-derived haploid Datura plants in 1964 initiated great
excitement in the plant breeding and genetics communities as it offered shortcuts
in producing highly desirable homozygous plants. Unfortunately, the expected
revolution was slow to materialise due to problems in extending methods to other
species, including genotypic dependence, recalcitrance, slow development of tissue
culture technologies and a lack of knowledge of the underlying processes. Recent
years have witnessed great strides in the research and application of haploids in
higher plants. After a lull in activities, drivers for the resurgence have been: (1)
development of effective tissue culture protocols, (2) identification of genes con-
trolling embryogenesis, and (3) large scale and wide spread commercial up-take in
plant breeding and plant biotechnology arenas.
The first major international symposium on “Haploids in Higher Plants” took
place in Guelph, Canada in 1974. At that time there was much excitement about the
potential benefits, but in his opening address Sir Ralph Riley offered the following
words of caution: “I believe that it is quite likely that haploid research will contrib-
ute cultivars to agriculture in several crops in the future. However, the more
extreme claims of the enthusiasts for haploid breeding must be treated with proper
caution. Plant breeding is subject from time to time to sweeping claims from enthu-
siastic proponents of new procedures. Mention may be made of induced mutations
and induced polyploids. The new techniques usually put an additional weapon in
the armoury of the breeder but they rarely provide the total defence initially sug-
gested. Let us study and consider haploids fully but let us be cautious and not take
an unrealistic view of the contributions haploids can make to plant breeding real
though I expect these to be.” It has taken several years to “study and consider hap-
loids” to a point where these concerns can be addressed and understood, but thanks
to advances in recent years we are now at this point.
Today there are published tissue culture protocols in over 200 plant species,
ranging from Aconitum to Zingiber. These have been collated in the book, “Doubled
Haploid production in crop plants: a manual” (Maluszynski et al. 2003). This
manual is a valuable contribution to the practical application of our topic and we do
v
vi Preface
not wish to repeat a list of protocols here. Rather we would like to complement the
manual by emphasizing the scientific basis of haploid and doubled haploid produc-
tion in higher plants and to showcase the impact in plant breeding and biotechnol-
ogy. Similarly we have striven not to duplicate the contents of the recently published
book: “Haploids in crop improvement II”, Springer (Palmer et al. 2005), which
contains information on various aspects of haploidy technology and limitations of
haploidy utilisation in breeding programmes. Here we have focused on major
advances in understanding, such as the genetic control of embryogenesis. Success
in identifying the controlling genes has propelled further investigations in func-
tional genomics in unravelling the mechanisms involved especially in respect to
regulation and their manipulation. These studies are now linking in with gene
expression, metabolism studies as well as changes in cell ultra-structure. The take
up of doubled haploidy by plant breeders has been no less impressive. Doubled
haploidy provides the fastest route to the production of pure breeding lines and the
coupling of doubled haploidy with genetic markers provides a rapid and commer-
cially attractive means of cultivar production. Doubled haploidy has now become
an essential biotechnology in the development of most major crop species and
many vegetables, and is rapidly expanding into other species, particularly those of
high value, e.g. medicinal, aromatic and ornamental plants. The widespread activity
in haploid research has also resulted in unexpected findings and novel applications,
which have prompted studies in scientific understanding and patent claims to pro-
tect and capitalise on innovative applications.
In February 2006 Vienna hosted a major international symposium on “Haploidy
in Higher Plants III”, which in itself marked the renaissance in haploidy and dou-
bled haploidy. The symposium attracted top experts from around the world and it
is their work plus invited contributions that has formed the basis of this book.
The book is composed of five sections. In the first, ‘Technology improvement’
reviews are provided that describe advances in the various methods used to produce
haploids both generally and specifically for model and major crop species. In the
past, many breakthroughs in haploid and doubled haploid production have been
achieved through empirical methods. Today the emerging disciplines of functional
genomics, proteomics and metabalomics along with increasingly sophisticated
methods in cell biology are fuelling the drive for a more scientific basis aimed at
understanding the biological processes involved; these approaches are described in
section 2 (Biological mechanisms). The third section, ‘Breeding and genetics’ cov-
ers the application of the haploid/doubled haploid technologies to what is tradition-
ally considered to be the primary end users – plant geneticists and plant breeders.
In section 4, the expansion of these technologies is aptly demonstrated in ‘New
species’. Finally, Novel applications are considered.
We, the editors, have striven to provide a current and balanced view of the sci-
ence and application of haploidy/doubled haploidy in plants, in what is a topic
undergoing rapid advancement by scientist and take up by end users. The book,
although confined to a relatively restricted topic, has widespread appeal ranging
from cell biologists, embryologists, research in plant genetics, biotechnology and
genetic engineering, and molecular biologists and with considerable commercial
end user relevance.
Preface vii
References
Maluszynski et al. (2003). Doubled haploid production in crop plants: a manual. Kluwer,
Dordrecht
Palmer CE et al. (2005). Haploids in crop improvement II”, Springer, Berlin
Riley R. (1974). The status of haploid research. In: Kasha K.J. (ed.), Proceeding of the First
International Symposium on Haploids in Higher Plants: Advances and Potential. Univ.
Guelph, Guelph, Canada, pp 3–9
Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................. v
1 Progress in Doubled Haploid Technology in Higher Plants ................ 1
.
M. Wędzony, B.P. Forster, I. Zur, E. Golemiec,
M. Szechyńska-Hebda, E. Dubas, and G. Gotębiowska
2 Doubled Haploids via Gynogenesis ........................................................ 35
B. Bohanec
3 Overview of Barley Doubled Haploid Production ................................ 47
P. Devaux and K.J. Kasha
4 Production of Doubled Haploids in Brassica ........................................ 65
J. Gil-Humanes and F. Barro
5 An Overview on Tobacco Doubled Haploids ........................................ 75
K. Belogradova, I. Lewicka, E. Heberle-Bors, and A. Touraev
6 An Overview of Triticale Doubled Haploids ......................................... 87
F. Eudes and A. Chugh
7 Patents and Haploid Plants ..................................................................... 97
J.M. Dunwell
8 Gene Expression Profiling of Microspore Embryogenesis
in Brassica napus ...................................................................................... 115
M.R. Malik and J.E. Krochko
9 Expression Profiles in Barley Microspore Embryogenesis .................. 127
M. Muñoz-Amatriaín, J.T. Svensson, A.M. Castillo, L. Cistué,
T.J. Close, and M.P. Vallés
ix
x Contents
10 Proteomics in Rapeseed Microspore Embryogenesis ......................... 135
J. Cordewener, F. van der Wal, R. Joosen, K. Boutilier, and T. America
11 Programmed Cell Death and Microspore Embryogenesis ................ 147
A.L. Varnier, C. Jacquard, and C. Clément
12 Albinism in Microspore Culture .......................................................... 155
A.M. Torp and S.B. Andersen
13 Doubled Haploids in Breeding Winter Oilseed Rape ......................... 161
C. Möllers and M.C.M. Iqbal
14 Anther Culture Derived Doubled Haploids in Oat ............................ 171
E.M. Kiviharju
15 Barley and Wheat Doubled Haploids in Breeding ............................. 179
J. Weyen
16 Rice Doubled Haploids and Breeding .................................................. 189
J. Pauk, M. Jancsó, and I. Simon-Kiss
17 Potato Haploids and Breeding .............................................................. 199
V.-M. Rokka
18 Current Status of Doubled Haploids in Medicinal Plants ................. 209
A.M.R. Ferrie
19 Microspore Embryogenesis in Selected Medicinal and
Ornamental Species of the Asteraceae ................................................. 219
U. Bal and A. Touraev
20 Carrot Doubled Haploids ...................................................................... 231
K. Górecka, D. Krzyżanowska, W. Kiszczak, U. Kowalska,
and R. Górecki
21 Haploids and Doubled Haploids in Fruit Trees .................................. 241
M.A. Germanà
22 Haploidy in Tef ....................................................................................... 265
L. Gugsa and J. Kumlehn
23 A Novel and Reversible Male Sterility System Using Targeted
Inactivation of Glutamine Synthetase and Doubled Haploidy .......... 285
A. Ribarits, A.N.K. Mamun, S. Li, T. Resch, M. Fiers,
E. Heberle-Bors, C.-M. Liu, and A. Touraev
Contents xi
24 Embryogenic Pollen Culture: A Promising Target for
Genetic Transformation ........................................................................ 295
J. Kumlehn
25 Immature Pollen as a Target for Gene Targeting ............................... 307
T. Resch, E. Ankele, R. Badur, B. Reiss, E. Herberle-Bors,
and A. Touraev
26 Induction of Semi-Dwarf, Salt Tolerant Rice Mutants
from a Tall Salt Tolerant Indica Landrace .......................................... 319
R. Afza, M. Guzmann, F.J. Zapata, E. Tumimbang-Raiz,
G. Gregorio, B.P. Forster, and C. Mba
27 Chromosome Doubling in Monocots .................................................... 329
A.M. Castillo, L. Cistué, M.P. Vallés, and M. Soriano
28 Tracking Gene and Protein Expression During Microspore
Embryogenesis by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ................. 339
P.S. Testillano and M.C. Risueño
Chapter 1
Progress in Doubled Haploid Technology
in Higher Plants
.
M. Wędzony, B.P. Forster, I. Zur, E. Golemiec,
M. Szechyńska-Hebda, E. Dubas, and G. Gotębiowska
Abstract In the early 1990s, many basic protocols were developed for haploidy

and doubled haploidy, but most were inefficient. During the last decade, progress in
technology has been achieved mainly by empirical, time and cost consuming testing
of protocols; as a consequence success was proportional to the number of laboratories
involved. In the most frequently studied crops (barley, wheat, triticale, maize, rice and
rapeseed) improved protocols are now used routinely in breeding and although several
problems remain the benefits make doubled haploidy well worthwhile. Significant
advances have also been achieved in vegetable, fruit, ornamental, woody and medicinal
species, though responses in many remain low with legumes being particularly recal-
citrant. There has been resurgence in doubled haploids over the last few years with
protocols published for almost 200 plant species. The present review aims to show the
recent progress in haploid and doubled haploid technology of higher plants.
Keywords Technology, androgenesis, gynogenesis, media composition, wide

crossing, regeneration, albinism
Introduction
Doubled haploidy is the fastest route to homozygosity in plants. The core motivation
for developing broadly applicable protocols to raise doubled haploids (DHs) are at
least three fold: (1) DHs are useful in fixing traits rapidly in desirable combinations
M. Wędzony((cid:2))
Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków,
Poland and Pedagogical University of Kraków, Pochorążych 2, 30-084, Kraków, Poland
E-mail: [email protected]
B.P. Forster
Biohybrids International Ltd, Po Box, 2411, Earley Reading RG6 5FY, UK
.
I. Zur, E. Golemiec, M. Szechyńska-Hebda, E. Dubas, and G. Gotębiowska
Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239,
Kraków, Poland
A. Touraev et al. (eds.) Advances in Haploid Production in Higher Plants, 1
© Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009