Advances in Glass and Optical Materials II: Ceramic Transactions Series, Volume 197

230 Pages·2006·15.494 MB·English

Advances in Glass
and Optical Materials II
Advances in Glass
and Optical Materials II
Ceramic Transactions Series, Volume 197
Proceedings of the 6th Pacific Rim Conference on
Ceramic and Glass Technology (PacRim6);
September 11-16, 2005; Maul, Hawaii
Edited by
Mario Affatigato
iWILEY-
INTERSCIENŒ
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Copyright © 2006 by the American Ceramics Society. All rights reserved.
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ISBN-13 978-0-470-08343-7
ISBN-10 0-470-08343-3
Printed in the United States of America.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
Contents
Preface ix
Structure and Properties
Material Dispersion of Oxide and Fluoroaluminate Glasses 3
Tomohisa Komiya, Shigeru Fujino, and Makoto Kuwabara
Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Li 0-Ga 03-Si02-NiO 13
2 2
System Transparent Glass-Ceramics
Takenobu Suzuki, Yoshihide Nakatsubata, Ganapathy Senthil Murugan,
and Yasutake Ohishi
Ultrasonic Velocity and Elastic Properties of Alkali Borate Glasses 21
Masao Kodama, Seiji Kojima, Steven A. Feller, and Mario Affatigato
Medium-Range Structural Changes of Covalent Chalcogenide 37
Glasses and Fluorescence Lifetimes of Doped Rare Earths
Y.G. Choi, W.J. Chung, B.J. Park, H.S. Seo, and J.T. Ahn
Compositional Dependence of Refractive Index in Tellurite Glasses 45
S. Akamine, T. Nanba, Y. Miura, and S. Sakida
Optical Properties of Rare Earth Ions in Heavy Metal Oxide Glasses 53
R. Yamaguchi, M. Muguruma, T. Nanba, Y. Miura, and S. Sakida
Optical Applications
Novel Oxide-Based Glasses for Raman Gain Applications 65
Clara Rivero, Robert Stegeman, George Stegeman, Kathleen Richardson,
Thierry Cardinal, Evelyne Fargin, Michel Couzi, Philippe Thomas, and
Jean-Claude Champarnaud-Mesjard
Recording of Robust Holographic Optical Elements in Glass 83
Leonid B. Glebov
v
Fabrication of the Pr3* Doped Ge-Ga-Sb-Se Glass Optical Fiber for 99
U-Band Application
Woon Jin Chung, Hong Seok Seo, Bong Je Park, Joon Tae Ahn, and
Yong Gyu Choi
Optical Properties of Waveguides of Er^-Doped Tellurite Glasses 107
Prepared by Ag+-Na+ Ion-Exchange
S. Sakida, T. Nanba, and Y. Miura
Surface and Inner Modification of Densified Silica Glass by Infrared 117
Laser Irradiation
Naoyuki Kitamura, Kohei Fukimi, Junji Nishii, Shohei Yasuda, Haruko Horiguchi,
Hiromitsu Kozuka, Haruki Okuno, and Nobuhito Ohno
Optical Properties of Bi 03-La203-Al203-B20 Glasses 127
2 3
S. Sumimiya, T. Nanba, Y. Miura, and S. Sakida
New Phospho-Tellurite Glasses for Ultra-Broadband Fiber Raman 135
Amplifiers
G. Senthil Murugan, Takenobu Suzuki, and Yasutake Ohishi
Organic Dye Doped Silica Glasses Produced From Silica 141
Nano-Particles by Using High Pressure at Room Temperature
Naoyuki Kitamura, Kohei Fukumi, and Junji Nishii
Glass Modeling
Ab Initio Modeling of Glasses in the Sulfur-Selenium System 151
John C. Mauro and Arun K. Varshneya
Chemical Bonding Character of the Network Forming Bonds in 165
Oxide Glasses
Tokuro Nanba, Shinichi Sakida, and Yoshinari Miura
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Crystalline and Vitreous Silica 179
A. Takada
A Theoretical Interpretation of 170 NMR Spectra in Borosilicate 189
Glasses
M. Urushihara, T. Nanba, Y. Miura, and S. Sakida
Industrial Applications
Quantitative Characterization of Nano-Scale Residual Stresses in 199
Crystalline and Glassy Electronic Devices Performed into the
Scanning Electron Microscope
Giuseppe Pezzotti and Andrea Leto
vi · Advances in Glass and Optical Materials II
Nano-Scale Stress Measurement and Property Characterization of 209
Silica-Based Electro Optical Devices Using Their Native Defects
Luminescence
Andrea Leto and Giuseppe Pezzotti
Properties of Manganese Tin Phosphate Glass for Novel Lead-Free 219
Glass System
Hirohisa Masuda
Metal Phosphate Low-Melting Glasses Prepared by a Non-Aqueous 227
Acid-Base Reaction
Bouzid Menaa, Megumi Mizuno, Masahide Takahashi, Yomei Tokuda,
Toshinobu Yoko, Bouzid Menaa, and Masahide Takahashi
Author Index 235
Advances in Glass and Optical Materials II - vii
Preface
Glass researchers from around the Pacific Rim convened at the Ritz-Carlton/
Kapalua from the 11th to the 16th of September of 2005. It was hard not to be im-
pressed by the beauty of the surroundings, with bare mountains rapidly descending
into the deep sea. The overall meeting was well attended, and it started with engag-
ing and sometimes polemic plenary talks by Drs. T. Grobstein Maréchaux, J.
Phillips, R. Roy, and H. Koinuma. The program then diverged into a number of
symposia which covered larger issues of import to the ceramic community as well
as current technical developments in the field.
Glass talks clustered around the Glass and Optical Materials Division (GOMD)
program, which concentrated on five topics 1) Structure of Glasses; 2) Novel, Non-
Oxide, and Sol-Gel Glasses ; 3) Property Characterization and Spectroscopy of
Glasses; 4) Optical Processing of Materials; and 5) Bioglasses. Talks were also giv-
en at other related symposia, among which we count, for example, Symposium
03—Ceramics and Glasses for Immobilization of Radioactive Waste, and Sympo-
sium 5—Computational Approaches to Materials Research. Three of the computa-
tional papers (Nanba, Takada, Urushihara) are also included in this volume. These
three articles—along with the work by Mauro—give a good synopsis of the rich-
ness of techniques available to glass modelers today.
Prof. Carlo Pantano was the deserving recipient of the 2005 George W. Morey
award for "developing and applying computer modeling and surface science tech-
niques for improved understanding of surface atomic structure and adsorption on
silica and silicate glasses". Ms. Clara Rivero was the Kreidl award winner, present-
ing a paper on "Spontaneous Raman Versus Raman Gain Processes in Glasses, A
Closer Look", included herein.
The symbiotic relationship between glasses and optical applications, often lead-
ing to new structural spectroscopy, was demonstrated anew. Thus, early on, the
Pac-Rim GOMD attendees heard reports on the Raman gain on phosphoniobate
glasses; on the photosensitivity of germanium-sulfide glasses; and waveguides
ix
made in doped tellurite samples. The determination of residual stresses using scan-
ning electron microscopy was a new technique that caused a lot of excitement, es-
pecially from the industrial attendees. This last work is reported by Pezzotti and
Leto in these Proceedings.
As the conference went on, speakers reminded the audience of the importance of
biological applications in a couple of review talks. This symposium was put togeth-
er by Prof. Hall of Alfred University. Results from modeling and from experiment
addressed the dissolution of bioglasses, and the continued developments in this
area. This was followed by presentation using nuclear magnetic resonance, a tech-
nique which has become essential in attaining a clear understanding of glass struc-
ture and physical property behavior. From beryllium silicates to aluminum phos-
phates, from room temperature to 2800 K, speakers provided insights on the
network behavior of several glass families. These Proceedings contain six articles
on this very important topical area, spanning the measurement of ultrasonic veloci-
ties (Kodama), the dependence of the optical properties on structure (Akamine,
Sumimiya), and glass ceramics (Suzuki).
The conference then returned to the topic of Optical Applications, a symposium
organized by Prof. Simmons-Potter of Arizona. It was obvious that this subfield is
thriving and expanding its reach to multiple new applications. The alteration of
glasses and polymers by ultrafast laser exposure proved to be of high interest, and
speakers also discussed other applications. Among these was the writing of holo-
graphic gratings by Glebov and the cleaning of artwork by laser irradiation. Seven
other articles are included in these Proceedings, covering the progress in this excit-
ing and vital area of glass science.
In summary, then, the field of glass science was shown to have great vitality.
The Pac Rim series proved to be a continuing success and the planning and excite-
ment for the next one was already underway.
MARIO AFFATIGATO
Coe College
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
x ■ Advances in Glass and Optical Materials II
Advances in Glass and Optical Materials II
Edited by Mario Affatigato
Copyright © 2006 The American Ceramics Society
Structure and Properties
1
Advances in Glass and Optical Materials II
Edited by Mario Affatigato
Copyright © 2006 The American Ceramics Society
MATERIAL DISPERSION OF OXIDE AND FLUOROALUMINATE GLASSES
Tomohisa Komiya
Department of Applied Sciences for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University,
6-1, Kasugakouen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
Shigeru Fujino
Department of Engineering Sciences for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University,
6-1, Kasugakouen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
Makoto Kuwabara
Department of Engineering Sciences for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University,
6-1, Kasugakouen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
ABSTRACT
Refractive index dispersion curves in the wavelength region from 0.194 μιη to 5.03 μηι are
presented for oxide: silica, borate, silicate, alumínate, germanate, tellurite, antimonate and heavy
metal gállate and aluminum fluoride glasses by minimum deviation method. The material
dispersion was determined using the refractive index data. Compositional dependencies of zero
material dispersion wavelength (ZMDW;A«) are discussed. Oxide and fluoroaluminate glasses
exhibit λο range of 1.26-2.73 μπι and 1.28-1.47 μιη, respectively. To evaluate the λο, an empirical
equation, which is based on the two-pole Seilmeier equation, is presented.
1. INTRODUCTION
Refractive index dispersion is very important property to design lithography lens, laser glass,
optical fiber, and optical switch in the wide wavelength region from Vacuum ultraviolet to Far
Infrared. Material dispersion, the wavelength dependence of the light group velocity in
transmission, is an important properties for optical fiber1'2,3. Oxide glasses have special advantages
of composition diversity, chemical durability and easy mass production at low cost. Silica glass is
representative of oxide glasses and is often used as a standard for optical properties. Borate glasses
and silicate glasses containing boron oxide have been widely used for optical lens. Tellurite,
antimonite, heavy metal oxide glasses are characterized by high refractive index above 2.
Fluoroaluminate glasses also have attractive and interesting applications for lens and fiber for
vacuum ultraviolet transmission. The purpose of this study is to measure the refractive index
dispersion of oxide and fluoroaluminate glasses in the wavelength region form 0.194 μπι to 5.03
μηι by a minimum deviation method and determine the zero material dispersion
wavelength(ZMDW;Xo) using the measured refractive index data. And the factors affecting the λο
are discussed using the two-pole Seilmeier equation. An empirical equation for estimating the λο
of oxide and fluoroaluminate glasses was derived in terms of two-pole Seilmeier equation.
3