Advances in Experimental Political Science PDF
Preview Advances in Experimental Political Science
Advances in Experimental Political Science Experimentalpoliticalsciencehaschanged.Intwoshortdecades,itevolvedfromanemergent method to an accepted method to a primary method. The challenge now is to ensure that experimentalists design sound studies and implement them in ways that illuminate cause and effect.Ethicalboundariesmustalsoberespected,resultsinterpretedinatransparentmanner, and data and research materials must be shared to ensure others can build on what has been learned. This book explores the application of new designs; the introduction of novel data sources, measurement approaches, and statistical methods; the use of experiments in more substantivedomains;anddiscipline-widediscussionsabouttherobustness,generalizability,and ethics of experiments in political science. By exploring these novel opportunities while also highlighting the concomitant challenges, this volume enables scholars and practitioners to conducthigh-qualityexperimentsthatwillmakekeycontributionstoknowledge. James N. Druckman is the Payson S. Wild Professor of Political Science at Northwestern University.He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and,with Donald Green, helped found the Experimental Research section of the American Political Science Association.He also is currently the co-Principal Investigator for Time-sharing Experiments in the Social Sciences,and co-authored the book Who Governs? Presidents,Public Opinion,and Manipulation. DonaldP.GreenistheJ.W.BurgessProfessorofPoliticalScienceatColumbiaUniversity.He waselectedtotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesand,withJamesDruckman,helped foundtheExperimentalResearchsectionoftheAmericanPoliticalScienceAssociation.Healso co-foundedthescholarlyconsortiumofexperimentalresearchers,EvidenceinGovernanceand Politics,andco-authoredthetextbookFieldExperiments:Design,Analysis,andInterpretation. Advances in Experimental Political Science Edited by JAMES N. DRUCKMAN NorthwesternUniversity DONALD P. GREEN ColumbiaUniversity UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,usa 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108478502 doi:10.1017/9781108777919 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2021 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2021 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJBooksLimited.Padstow,Cornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData names:Druckman,JamesN.,1971–editor.|Green,DonaldP.,1961–editor. title:Advancesinexperimentalpoliticalscience/editedbyJamesN.Druckman,DonaldP.Green. description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2021.| Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. identifiers:lccn2020022763(print)|lccn2020022764(ebook)|isbn9781108478502(hardback)| isbn9781108745888(paperback)|isbn9781108777919(epub) subjects:lcsh:Politicalscience–Methodology.|Politicalscience–Research.|Politicalscience–Experiments. classification:lccja71.A3882021(print)|lccja71(ebook)|ddc320.072/4–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020022763 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020022764 isbn978-1-108-47850-2Hardback isbn978-1-108-74588-8Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Contents ListofTables pageviii ListofFigures x ListofBoxes xii Contributors xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 ANewEraofExperimentalPoliticalScience 1 JamesN.DruckmanandDonaldP.Green PART I: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS 2 ConjointSurveyExperiments 19 KirkBansak,JensHainmueller,DanielJ.Hopkins,andTeppeiYamamoto 3 AuditStudiesinPoliticalScience 42 DanielM.ButlerandCharlesCrabtree 4 FieldExperimentswithSurveyOutcomes 56 JoshuaL.Kalla,DavidE.Broockman,andJasjeetS.Sekhon 5 HowtoTameLab-in-the-FieldExperiments 79 CatherineEckelandNataliaCandeloLondono 6 NaturalExperiments 103 RocíoTitiunik 7 VirtualConsent:TheBronzeStandardforExperimentalEthics 130 DawnLanganTeele v vi Contents PART II: EXPERIMENTAL DATA 8 Experiments,PoliticalElites,andPoliticalInstitutions 149 ChristianR.Grose 9 ConvenienceSamplesinPoliticalScienceExperiments 165 YannaKrupnikov,H.HannahNam,andHillaryStyle 10 ExperimentsUsingSocialMediaData 184 AndrewM.Guess 11 HowtoFormOrganizationalPartnershipstoRunExperiments 199 AdamSethLevine PART III: EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS AND MEASURES 12 ImprovingExperimentalTreatmentsinPoliticalScience 219 DianaC.Mutz 13 BeyondAttitudes:IncorporatingMeasuresofBehaviorinSurveyExperiments 239 ErikPeterson,SeanJ.Westwood,andShantoIyengar PART IV: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION 14 AdvancesinExperimentalMediationAnalysis 257 AdamN.Glynn 15 SubgroupAnalysis:Pitfalls,Promise,andHonesty 271 MarcRatkovic 16 SpilloverEffectsinExperimentalData 289 PeterM.Aronow,DeanEckles,CyrusSamii,andStephanieZonszein 17 VisualizeasYouRandomize:Design-BasedStatisticalGraphsfor RandomizedExperiments 320 AlexanderCoppock PART V: EXPERIMENTAL RELIABILITY AND GENERALIZABILITY 18 TransparencyinExperimentalResearch 339 CherylBoudreau 19 ThreatstotheScientificCredibilityofExperiments:PublicationBias andP-Hacking 354 NeilMalhotra 20 WhatCanMulti-MethodResearchAddtoExperiments? 369 JasonSeawright 21 GeneralizingExperimentalResults 385 ErinHartman 22 ConductingExperimentsinMultipleContexts 411 GraemeBlairandGwynethMcClendon Contents vii PART VI: USING EXPERIMENTS TO STUDY IDENTITY 23 IdentityExperiments:DesignChallengesandOpportunitiesforStudyingRace andEthnicPolitics 431 AmberD.Spry 24 TheEvolutionofExperimentsonRacialPriming 447 AliA.ValenzuelaandTylerReny 25 TheEvolutionofExperimentsonGenderinElections 468 SamaraKlarandElizabethSchmitt 26 GenderExperimentsinComparativePolitics 485 AmandaClaytonandGeorgiaAnderson-Nilsson PART VII: USING EXPERIMENTS TO STUDY GOVERNMENT ACTIONS 27 ExperimentsonandwithStreet-LevelBureaucrats 509 NoahL.NathanandArielWhite 28 TheStateofExperimentalResearchonCorruptionControl 526 PaulLagunesandBrigitteSeim 29 ExperimentsonPoliticalActivityGovernmentsWanttoKeepHidden 544 JenniferPan 30 ExperimentsinPost-ConflictContexts 562 AilaM.Matanock 31 ExperimentsonProblemsofClimateChange 592 MaryC.McGrath 32 AConstantObsessionwithExplanation 616 LynnVavreck AuthorIndex 621 SubjectIndex 628 Tables 2.1 ThelistofpossibleattributevaluesintheDemocraticprimaryexperiment. page22 2.2 Topicalclassificationofthe124publishedarticlesusingconjointdesigns identifiedinourliteraturereviewfortheyears2014–2019. 36 4.1 Potentialbenefitsofandcomplementaritiesbetweenfour methodologicalpractices. 65 4.2 Notationandvaluesusedintheexamples. 66 4.3 Variancesandvariablecostsofalternativedesigns. 72 6.1 Typologyofrandomizedexperimentsandobservationalstudies. 117 7.1 Threestandardsofethicsandexperiments. 135 10.1 Effectofexposuretoafriend’stweet. 193 12.1 Partialcounterbalancinginwithin-subjectexperimentaldesigns. 235 15.1 Coverageof90%uncertaintyintervalsbysubgroup. 282 15.2 Subgroupeffectsfromauditexperiment. 283 15.3 Split-sampleestimatesfromconjointanalysis. 285 16.1 Comparing Horvitz–Thompson to Hajek estimators using approximate exposureprobabilities. 300 16.2 Misspecifyingexposureconditions. 301 16.3 Comparingunittoclusterrandomization. 305 18.1 Recommended information for preregistrationand pre-analysis plans in experimentalresearch. 348 18.2 Gerberetal.’s(2015)checklistofreportingitemsforexperimentalresearch. 349 21.1 SubgroupestimateswithintheexperimentintheCDRexample. 398 21.2 PATEestimationintheCDRexample. 399 21.3 SimulationresultsusingdifferentadjustmentsetsforestimatingthePATE. 399 21.4 Estimationwithcommonpopulationdatatypes. 401 viii Tables ix 22.1 Trade-offsacrossthethreetypesofmulti-contextapproaches. 417 23.1 Racialandethnicidentityexperiments. 441 28.1 Summaryofexperimentalresearchonelectoralaccountability(2008–2015). 535 28.2 Summaryofexperimentalresearchonelectoralaccountability(2016–2020). 536
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