Advances in European Geothermal Research: Proceedings of the Second International Seminar on the Results of EC Geothermal Energy Research, held in Strasbourg, 4–6 March 1980

1085 Pages·1980·37.69 MB·English

by  A. Strub (auth.), A. S. Strub, P. Ungemach (eds.)

Commission of the European Communities
Proceedings of the Second International Seminar
on the Results of EC Geothermal Energy Research,
held in Strasbourg, 4-6 March 1980
Edited by
A. S. STRUB and P. UNGEMACH
Commission of the European Communities
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY
Dordrecht : Holland / Boston : U.S.A.
London : England
library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Seminar on the Results of EC Geothermal Energy Research,
2d, Strasbourg, 1980.
Advances in European geothermal research.
"Organization of the conference by Commission of the European
Communities, Directorate-General Research, Science, and Education."
1. Geothermal resources-Congresses. 2. Geothermal
engineering-Congresses. I. Strub, Albert S. II. Ungemach, P., 1939-
III. Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for
Research, Science, and Education. IV. Title.
GB1l99.5.157 1980 621.44 80-16121
ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9061-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-9059-3
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-9059-3
Organization of the Conference by
Commission of the European Communities
Directorate-General Research, Science and Education, Brussels
Publication arrangements by
Commission of the European Communities
Directorate-General Scientific and Technical Information and
Information Management, Luxembourg
EUR 6862
Copyright © 1980 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1980
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T~L& or CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ix
OPENING SESSION;
A. STRUB / Opening Address 3
C. CORVI / Opening Address 7
P. UNGEMACH / Geothermal Research in the European Community
Objectives and Reality 9
H. TAZIEFF / Keynote Speech 37
SESSION I: REGIONAL EXPLORATION - RESERVOIR ASSESSMENT
F. MUNCK, K. SAUER, F. WALGENWITZ and R. TIETZE / Geothermal Synthesis
of the Upper Rhinegraben 45
J.H. ILLIES and B. HOFFERS / Neotectonics and the Geothermal Anomalies
in the Rhinegraben 50
G. SATTEL / Determination of Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity of
Rhinegraben-Sediments with a New Ring Source Device 62
G.J. SCHROTH / Numerical Calculations of Strong Temperature Gradients
at Interfaces of Horizontally Stratified Sediments 70
M. PARINI, H. SCRIBA, C. SIEBER and D. WERNER / Geothermal Anomalies
in the Rhinegraben Sediments and Their Explanation by Uprising
Deep Groundwater from the Crystalline Basement 17
J.B. EDEL, A. ROCHE, O. CAMPOS, S. GAN9ARSKY, M. GOUPILLOT, K.N. KIRO,
Y. MENARD and F. MERHEB / Contribution of Magnetism and Gravimetry to
the Knowledge of the Antepermian Basement in the Rhinegraben.
Applications to Geothermy. 89
A.J. BURLEY, I.F. SMITH, M.K. LEE, W.G. BURGESS, W.M. EDMUNDS, M.J.
ARTHUR, J.R.P. BENNETT, R.M. CARRUTHERS, R.A. DOWNING and M.T.
HOUGHTON / Preliminary Assessment of the Geothermal Potential of the
United Kingdom 99
H:U. SCHMINCKE, R. RISSE, G. WORNER, P. v.d. BOGAARD and L. VIERECK /
Geothermal Potential of Late Quaternary East Eifel Volcanic
Field 109
A. DELMER, Ph. DOM~ V. LECLERCQ, P. HIROUX and R. LEGRAND / Geothermics
in Hainaut (Belgium) 113
A.N. KOROTCHANSKY / Geothermal Evaluation of the Triassic Reservoirs
of the Paris Basin 116
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F. BARBERI, G. IANNACCONE, F. INNOCENTI, G. LUONGO, C. NUNZIATA,
G. PASCALE and A. RAPOLLA / The Evaluation of a Preliminary Geothermal
Model for the Phlegraean Fields Volcanic Area (Italy) 1]1
F. BARBERI, D. CIOPPI, R. GHELARDONI, R. NANNINI, C. SOMMARUGA
and G. VERDIANI / Integrated Geothermal Reconnaissance of the
Somma-Vesuvius System 141
J. VARET, L. STIELTJES, A. GERARD and C. FOUILLAC / Prospection
Geothermique Integree dans le Massif du Mont Dore 154
B. BOSCH, P. DEGRANGES, J. DEMANGE, M. LELEU, A. MARCE and
C. SARCIA / Geothermal Survey of the South-East Margin of the French
Massif-central 202
M.D. FYTlKAS / Geothermal Exploitation in Greece 213
J.L. BOURDIER and P.M. VINCENT / A Geological and Geothermal
Approach of the Pavin Area, Southern Chaine des Puys (France) 238
SESSION II - LOCAL EXPLORATION - DRILLING
H~. DIETRICH, R. HANEL, G. NETH, K. SCHADEL and H. ZOTH / Deep
Investigation of the Geothermal Anomaly of Urach 253
A. CALAMAI and G.C. FERRARA / Latera Exploratory Well (Northern
Latium) Italy 267
SOCIETE ALSACIENNE MINIERE DE GEOTHERMIE / Operation Geothermie a
Strasbourg-Cronenbourg 277
C. SOMMARUGA and R. GHELARDONI / Demonstration Project: Couple of
Wells for Geothermal Space Heating in Metanopoli, Milano 284
D. CIOPPI, R. GHELARDONI, G. PANCI, C. SOMMARUGA and G. VERDIANI /
Demonstration Project : Evaluation of the Mofete High Enthalpy
Reservoir (Phlegrean Fields) 291
G. BERTINI. A. GIOVANNONI, G.C. STEFANI, G. GIANELLI, M. PUXEDDU and
P. SQUARCI / Deep Exploration in Larderello Field: Sasso 22 Drilling
Venture 303
SESSION III - GEOCHEMISTRY
F. D'AMORE, P. SQUARCI and C. PANICHI / Hydrogeology and Geochemistry
of the Thermal Springs of South-West Tuscany 315
H. FRIEDRICHSEN / Origin and Circulation of Thermal Waters in the
Upper Rhinegraben: A Chemical and Stable Isotope Study 330
A. BITTENCOURT, B. FRITZ and Y. TARDY / Refinements in the Use of
Chemical Geothermometers Application to the Plombieres System
(France) 340
O.S. JACOBSEN / Geochemical Survey of Shallow Ground Water Wells in
Denmark 349
B. BOSCH, P. DEGRANGES, C. FOUILLAC, M. LELEU and C. SARCIA /
Geochemistry of Thermal Water in the Mont-Dore Area 360
F. D'AMORE, C. PANICHI and P. SQUARCI / Evaluation of Reservoir
Temperatures in Tuscany by Application of a Gas-Geothermometer 369
E. ALTHAUS / Fluid-Rock Interaction in Geothermal Energy Recovery 278
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G. MICHARD, C. FOUILLAC, G. OUZOUNIAN, J. BOULEGUE and M. DEMUYNCK /
Geothermal Applications of the Geochemical Study of Hot Springs
in Eastern Pyrenees 387
R. GIJBELS, R. VAN GRIEKEN, W. BLOMMAERT, R. VANDELANNOOTE and
L. VAN 'T DACK / Trace Element Geochemistry in Thermal Waters from
Plombieres and Bains (Vosges)
396
W.M. EDMUNDS, W.G. BURGESS, A.H. BATH, D.L. MILES and J.N. ANDREWS /
Geochemical Sampling and Analysis of Geothermal Fluids in
Sedimentary Basins 410
H.R. LANGGUTH and H. PLUM / Investigation of Thermal and Mineral
Springs in the Eifel Mountains Regarding Geothermal Indications 422
F.B. TONANI / Some Remarks on the Application of Geochemical
Techniques in Geothermal Exploration 428
SESSION IV - TEMPERATURE, HEAT FLOW, DOWNHOLE INSTRUMENTATION
E.R. OXBURGH, S.W. RICHARDSON, S.M. WRIGHT, M.Q.W. JONES, S.R. PENNEY,
S.A. WATSON and J.R. BLOOMER / Heat Flow Pattern of the United Kingdom 447
J. WHEILDON, M.F. FRANCIS, J.R.L. ELLIS and A. THOMAS-BETTS /
Exploration and Interpretation of the SW England Geothermal
~~~ 456
R. GABLE / Terrestrial Heat Flow in France 466
G. VASSEUR (Groupe FLUXCHAF) / A Critical Study of Heat Flow Data in
France
474
N. BALLING, J.I. KRISTIANSEN, K.D. POULSEN and S. SAXOV / Geothermal
Trends of Denmark 485
W. VAN DALFSEN / The Shallow Subsurface Temperature Field in The
Netherlands 496
M. FANELLI, A. ROSSI, M. SALOMONE and L. TAFFI / Temperature and
Heat Flow Patterns of Italy 506
G. FRAS, J.M. THILLIER and P. JOUANNA / Harmonic Pick-up:
Preliminary Mathematical Model for Interpretation 516
B. CROSNIER, J.L. PORTALES and P. JOUANNA / The Perfecting of a
Harmonic Pick-up for the Simultaneous Detection of the Thickness
and Extent of a Fracture Crossed by a Boring 521
J. BEHRENS, B. ROTERS and H. VILLINGER / In Situ Determination of
Thermal Conductivity in Cased Drill Holes 525
L. CEPPATELLI and G.C. FERRARA / Design and Testing of Down Hole
Probes for Operation in Deep and Hot Environments 535
M.G. BERTAUX, G. BIENFAIT, J. JOLIVET and G. VASSEUR / Direct Heat
Flow Measurement Probe Project 545
G. MUSMANN and W. KESSELS / An In-Situ Thermal Conductivity Probe
556
SESSION V - GEOPHYSICS I - ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SEISMICS
G. SCHNEIDER / Seismological Investigations in Urach 567
M. JENTSCH, D. BAMFORD, D. EMTER and C. PRODEHL / Structural Study
of the Urach Area by Deep Refraction Seismics 576
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R. MEISSNER, H. BARTELSEN, T. KREY and J. SCHMOLL I Combined
Reflection and Refraction Measurements for Investigating
the Geothermal Anomaly of Urach 587
P. GIESE, P. WIGGER, C. MORELLI and R. NICOLICH I Seismic Studies
for the Determination of the Crustal Structure in the Area
of the Geothermal Anomaly in Tuscany 603
L. CASERTANO and A. OLIVERI DEL CASTILLO fVpVs Ratio and Its Changes
614
in the Travale Geothermal Field
A. NERCESSIAN and A. HIRN I Identification of 3 D Bodies by Moho
Reflected Waves Application to the Mont Dore Area 622
R. FERRANDES, A. GERARD, P. MURAOUR, J. PERAGALLO and G. PETIAU I
Etudes Sismiques sur la Caldera du Mont Dore 632
M. STEINWACHS I Investigation of the Microseismic Noise of the
Geothermal Anomaly at Torre Alfina (Italy) 648
Th. KREY I How Can Seismics, Especially Active, Assist in
Geothermal Energy Utilization 654
SESSION VI - EXPLOITATION OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES
H. ALONSO ESPINOSA I Actual Situation and Future Program of Geothermal
Developments in Mexico 673
S. BORIES and A. PODAIRE I Heat and Mass Transfer with Phase Con-
version in Porous Media Application to Geo~hermal Reservoir
Simulation 680
G. TREBBI I A Thermogravimetric Loop for Converting Low Enthalpy
Geothermal Energy into Electricity 694
J.M. SAUTY, A.C. GRINGARTEN, P.A. LANDEL and A. MENJOZ / Lifetime
Optimization of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Doublets 706
P. GOBLET / Influence of Stratified Heterogenities of Permeability
on the Life Span of a Geothermal Doublet 720
A. DESPLAN, M. LELEU, P. MASSARO and J. ROCHON / Experimental
Studies of Rock-Water Interactions Occuring During the
Circulation of a Geothermal Doublet in a Carbonate Environment 735
J.M. HOSANSKI and E. LEDOUX / In Situ Determination of the
Hydrothermal Properties of a Deep Fractured Medium by a
Single Well Technique 747
B. FEUGA, M.L. NOYER and D. THIERY / Well Testing of Low to Very
Low Permeability Fractured Media - A Review 756
P. JAUD I Results of the New Geothermal Domestic Heating System
at Creil 782
D. LAMETHE-PARNEIX / Optimisation d'un Chauffage Geothermique en
Fonction des Diverses Conditions Climatiques 793
P. CHEVALIER, R. GROSSIN and B. ROTH / Study and Optimization of a
High Efficiency Convector Adapted for the Use of Geothermal
Low Temperature Water 803
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J.M. LEJEUNE, N. BADINIER, V. BARTHES, A. CLOT, J.M. COUDERT, A. DESPLAN,
H. FABRIS, O. GOYENECHE, Ph. MAGET, J. ROJAS, P. SCHERR and D. TOURNAYE /
Technical and Economic Feasibility of Low Enthalpy Geothermal Projects
in the E.E.C. 810
SESSION VII - GEOPHYSICS II - ELECTRICS, MAGNETICS AND ELECTRO-
MAGNETICS
R. BAUDU, J. BERNARD, J.M. GEORGEL, P. GRIVEAU and R. RUGO /
Application of D.C. Dipolar Methods in the Upper Rhinegraben 823
D. PATELLA·, R. QUARTO and A. TRAMACERE / Dipole-Dipole Study,.of the
Travale Geothermal Field 833
V. HAAK and G. SCHWARZ / Distribution of Eleccrical Conductivity in
Crust and Upper Mantle in the Area of the Geothermal Anomaly
of Tuscany/Italy 843
V.B~RTHES and G. VASSEUR / Three-Dimensional Resistivity Modelling by
the Integral Equation Method
854
G. NAPOLEONE, G. POGGIALI, M. RIPEPE and D. SAVINO / Magnetic Survey
in the Travale Geothermal Field, Italy
875
J. MOSNIER and K. BABOUR / Use of the Differential Magnetic Sounding
for Studying the Geothermal Potential Resources of the Rhine-
graben 884
M.L. RICHARDS, U. SCHMUCKER, E. STEVELING and J. WATERMANN /
Magnetovariational and Magnetotelluric Soundings in Rheingraben
and Schwarzwald 893
G. MUSMANN, B. GRAMKOW, U. LOHR and W. KERl'Z / Magnetotelluric
Survey of the Lake Laach (Eifel) Volcanic Area 904
A. BERKTOLD, K. KElfMERLE and P. NEURIEDER / Magnetotelluric
Measurements and Geomagnetic Depth Sounding in the Area of the
Urach Geothermal Anomaly 911
G. MALERQUE / Some Results of Very Low Frequency Magneto-Telluric
Survey in the Mont Dore Area (MI 5 EX and Harmonic Solutions) 921
A. DUPIS, Ph. MARIE and G. PETIAU / Magnetotelluric Prospection of
the Mont Dore Area 935
G.F. CAMPONUOVO, A. FREDDI and M. BORSETTO / Hydraulic Fracturing
of Hot Dry Rocks. Tridimensional Studies of Cracks Propagation
and Interaction by Photoelastic Methods 947
SESSION VIII - HOT DRY ROCKS
J. LESSI and J.P. SARDA / Scale Models Studies of Well Linking by
Hydraulic Fracturing and Fatigue Microfracturing 957
F.H. CORNET / Microsismic and Acoustic Activity Associated
with Hydraulic Fracture Propagation 967
J.P. SARDA and C. ROQUE / Permeability Stimulation of Crystalline
Rocks by Chemical Leaching 977
M. BOUILLEAU, G. BERTHOMIEU and P. JOUANNA / Heat Fracturing
Physical Model 989
-vii -
H.D. FUHRBERG, F. BRINKMANN and K. SCHOBER / Erfahrungen mit Frac-
behandlungen in Tiefen, Geringpermeablen Gaslagerstatten 994
A.S. BATCHELOR, C.M. PEARSON and N.P. HALLADAY / The Enhancement of
the Permeability of Granite by Explosive and Hydraulic Frac-
turing 1009
F.H. CORNET / Analysis of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation a Field
Experimentation 1032
O. KAPPELMEYER and F. RUMMEL / Investigations on an Artificially
Created Frac in a Shallow and Low Permeable Environment 1044
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INTRODUCTION
The first crisis in energy prices was undoubtedly a strong stimulus
for the involvement of the Commission of the European Communities in research
and development on alternative energy sources. Indeed, the need to overcome
difficulties faced by the Community as a whole, particularly those resulting
from its severely unbalanced energy supply, made a common Community approach
seem especially apt. This reasoning also applies to energy R&D, bearing in
mind that responses to the crisis should be not only political or economic,
but also scientific.
Four years have passed since the decision of the Council of Ministers
to launch the first Community Energy Research and Development Programme,
dealing with geothermal energy, solar energy, hydrogen production and utili-
sation, energy conservation and energy systems analysis. A seminar on geo-
thermal energy was held two years ago to report on work in progress at the
half-way stage of the four-year programme.
The second international seminar, reported in this volume, was arrang-
ed so as to provide an opportunity to examine the final outcome of this
Community investment in research in geothermal energy.
This proceedings volume therefore has two main aims:
- to present an evaluation of the results of the Community geothermal
programme, by means of 83 formal reports describing the individual
research programmes;
- to show how the Community research programme fits into the overall
context of national and international research on geothermal energy,
by including the presentations of six guest speakers who introduced
the sessions and gave keynote addresses.
It is hoped that these proceedings will prove helpful to all those who
work in the field of geothermal energy and in particular will provide guid-
ance to the Commission of the European Communities in implementing its Second
Energy R&D Programme which has recently got under way.
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EXHIBITION
During the three days of the Seminar, an exhibition was organized.
Several contractors participated on this exhibition by displaying
the instrumentation developed during the contract period or by
demonstrating on posters, designs and maps their research projects.
The photographs on the following pages reproduce an overall review
and some selected projects.
EXHIBITION HALL
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