Advances in Environmental Biotechnology

290 Pages·2017·4.119 MB·English

by  Raman Kumar, Anil Kumar Sharma, Sarabjeet Singh Ahluwalia (eds.)

Raman Kumar · Anil Kumar Sharma
Sarabjeet Singh Ahluwalia Editors
Advances in
Environmental
Biotechnology
Advances in Environmental Biotechnology
Raman Kumar (cid:129) Anil Kumar Sharma
Sarabjeet Singh Ahluwalia
Editors
Advances in
Environmental
Biotechnology
Editors
RamanKumar AnilKumarSharma
DepartmentofBiotechnology DepartmentofBiotechnology
MaharishiMarkandeshwarUniversity MaharishiMarkandeshwarUniversity
Ambala,Haryana Ambala,Haryana
India India
SarabjeetSinghAhluwalia
DepartmentofBiotechnology
GeneralShivdevSinghDiwan
GurbachanSinghKhalsaCollege
Patiala,Punjab
India
ISBN978-981-10-4040-5 ISBN978-981-10-4041-2 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-981-10-4041-2
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017936972
#SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2017
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Preface
Recentadvancementsinenvironmentalbiotechnologyhavebeeninstrumentaltodeal
with many environmental concerns and global challenges. This frontier branch of
biotechnology has always been a fascinating field for the research and academic
fraternity, which is consistently attracting the scientific community to delineate
complex mechanisms in order to resolve global environmental issues. Today, we
facemanychallengeswithrespecttoourenvironment,whichispredominantlybeing
affected by the exhaustive human activities, increased urbanization, and industrial
growth.Therefore,itbecomesincreasinglyimportanttounderstandintricatedetails
aboutthisassociationofhumanbeingswiththeenvironment.Majorityofthenatural
resourceshavereacheduptothelevelofextinctionasaresultofexcessiveexploita-
tion and increased consumption rate. Environment-friendly sustainable tools and
technologiesarebeingemployedtoconsiderablyreducethepollution.Lessenviron-
mentallysustainablechemicalmeansasemployedearlierhavemanydisadvantages
associatedwiththem,makingthescientificfraternitytolookformodernbiotechno-
logicalsustainablealternatives.Moderntoolsofenvironmentalbiotechnologycould
provideusabetterplatformatleasttoimproveourqualitystandardsandtheoverall
environmentandtoexplorethepossibilityofusingrenewablerawmaterials.Current
trends demand for a cost-effective, eco-friendly sustainable technology for the
production of products maintaining high-quality standards and recycling of waste
productsfurther,reducingthepollution.
ThisbookcomprisesofvariouschaptersstartedwiththebasicofIntroductionto
EnvironmentalBiotechnology,followedbyMeasurementofEnvironmentalPollu-
tion:TypesandTechniques.Manychapterswereincorporatedonvariousaspectsof
bioremediation such as removal of pollutants, technologies for decolorization of
effluent,andtannerywastewatertreatmentinadditiontoadvancedtechnologiesfor
wastewatertreatmentandperspectivesofbioreactorsinwastewatertreatment.The
advance trend of application of biosensors, nanotechnology, genetically modified
microorganisms in heavy metal bioremediation, phytoremediation technology
for sustainable environmental biotechnology, and agricultural biotechnology was
discussed.
The use of microbial community to degrade or remove environmental
contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, dyes, etc. needs to be strongly
encouraged.Forthesustainableuseofmicrobialcommunityforthebioremediation
v
vi Preface
process, there is a need to understand the metal-microbial interaction so that
in-depth mechanism of bioremediation and biodegradation could be delineated.
Keepinginviewoftheaboveconcerns,authorshavebroughtforwardtobringmajor
advancements employing modern environmental technologies through this book
undertheumbrellaofSpringerPublishers.Thebookaimstoprovideacomprehen-
sive view of advanced environmental approaches for wastewater treatment, heavy
metal removal, pesticide degradation, dye removal, waste management, microbial
transformationofenvironmentalcontaminants,etc.
Our readers have been well apprised of the modern trends and scope of
employing various state-of-the-art approaches to clean up and save our environ-
ment. Thecontinued success of the bookspublished under the banner ofSpringer
Publishersistheresultofajointeffortofadedicatededitorialandpublishingteam,
andwewillcontinuetoevolveprogressivelyforthebenefitofourcontributorsand
readers. In preparation for this book, we have benefitted from the guidance and
advice of a large number of biotechnology instructors across the country. We
gratefully acknowledge our debt to the reviewers, who provided constructive
criticism and valuable suggestions at various stages. While thanking all the
contributors,wereiterateourcommitmentfortheethicalandqualityworkpublished
throughthisbookAdvancesinEnvironmentalBiotechnology.Weanticipatethatthis
bookwouldbeabletoprovideacomprehensive,accessible,up-to-dateinformation
aboutsustainableapproachesinmakinganeco-friendlyenvironment.Moreover,this
bookoffersaninstantaccesstoawealthofdataforenvironmentalbiotechnologists
and microbial and biochemical technologists along with student fraternity from
diversestreamsofenvironmentalengineeringandindustrialbiotechnology.
Wewouldliketoacknowledgeourspouseandfamilieswhohaveprovidedthe
constantinvaluablesupportthroughoutthewritingprocess.
Finally, we have an enduring appreciation for our young researchers, whose
commentsandsuggestionsprovideinsightandremindustheirneedasthisbookis
forthem.
“Ifyoudon’tworryaboutitnow,Itstoolate,lateron”................(KarlSagan)
Ambala,Haryana,India RamanKumar
Ambala,Haryana,India AnilKumarSharma
Patiala,Punjab,India SarabjeetSinghAhluwalia
Contents
1 IntroductiontoEnvironmentalBiotechnology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
RoshanGulandRamanKumar
2 MeasurementofEnvironmentalPollution:Types
andTechniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
RajeevKumar,ArsumPathak,MoondeepChauhan,andSushmaNegi
3 NeedfortheAdvancedTechnologiesforWastewater
Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
JagjitKaur,SandeepPunia,andKuldeepKumar
4 PerspectivesofBioreactorsinWastewaterTreatment. . . . . . . . . . 53
NipunjotKaurSoni-Bains,AmandeepSingh,JashanjotKaur,
AnamikaPokharia,andSarabjeetSinghAhluwalia
5 BioremediationTechnologiesfortheRemovalofPollutants. . . . . . 69
BhupinderDhir
6 BioremediationTechnologiesforDecolorizationofEffluent. . . . . . 93
AnamikaPokhariaandSarabjeetSinghAhluwalia
7 BioremediationofTanneryWastewater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
PrachiChaudhary,VinodChhokar,AnilKumar,andVikasBeniwal
8 SustainableEnvironmentalBiotechnology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
HarmanjitKaur
9 ApplicationofNanotechnologyintheEnvironment
Biotechnology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
JagjitKaur,TeenaPathak,ApoorvaSingh,andKuldeepKumar
10 BiofertilizersandBiopesticides:Eco-friendly
BiologicalAgents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
BhupinderDhir
11 ApproachestoAgro-industrialSolidWasteDisposal
andBioenergyGeneration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
AneetKaur
vii
viii Contents
12 RoleofGeneticallyModifiedMicroorganismsinHeavy
MetalBioremediation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
SaurabhGuptaandDaljeetSingh
13 AgricultureBiotechnology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
DaizeeTalukdar,RohitSharma,andRamanKumar
14 RecentAdvancesinPhytoremediationTechnology. . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
PradeepDhanwal,AnilKumar,ShrutiDudeja,VinodChhokar,
andVikasBeniwal
15 MicrobialFloraandBiodegradationofPesticides:Trends,
Scope,andRelevance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Ridhima Arya, RamanKumar,NavnitKumarMishra,
andAnilKumarSharma
16 Biosensors:AToolforEnvironmentalMonitoring
andAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
SachinKumarSuryan
About the Editors
Dr. Raman Kumar is working as associate professor in the Department of
Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana (Ambala),
Haryana, India, since 2011. He has also worked as senior research fellow of the
Division of Soil and Crop Management, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute,
Karnal,India,from2007to2010.Hehasexperienceofabout10yearsinthefieldof
teaching and research in the area of microbial and environmental biotechnology.
He has published more than 30 publications in various national and international
peer-reviewed journals. He developed many bacterial and fungal strains for the
removalofheavymetalsfromwastewater.Hiscurrentresearchareasarebioreme-
diation and biodegradation of toxic pollutants, pesticides, and azo dyes using
microbial consortium from the industrial effluents, mechanism involved in the
heavymetalbioremediation.
Dr.AnilKumarSharmaisafullprofessorandheadoftheDepartmentofBiotech-
nologywithabout15yearsofteachingandresearchexperienceafterPhD.Hedid
his doctorate from the PGIMER, Chandigarh (year 2000), in the field of medical
biotechnology.Heworkedasaseniorresearchscientistandapostdoctoralresearch
fellow(molecularbiology)intheMicrobiologyandImmunologyDepartmentatthe
UIC College of Medicine in Chicago, IL, USA, for about 7.5 years. He has more
than80publicationsinpeer-reviewedjournalsofnationalandinternationalrepute
withacumulativeimpactfactorofhispublicationsaround115.Hehaswonmany
prestigious awards and accolades in his career. In 2000, he was felicitated with a
MGIMS Young Scientist Award from the Association of Clinical Biochemists of
India (ACBI), while in 2013, he won the Bharat Excellence Award from the FFI,
New Delhi, India, for his research accomplishments in basic sciences. His
research interests are diverse ranging from understanding the metal regulation
in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, drug resistance, cancer biology, and
nanomedicines to the development of microbial strains for remediation of
heavy metalsand pesticides.
Dr. Sarabjeet Singh Ahluwalia is presently working as an assistant professor at
the Department of Biotechnology, at General Shivdev Singh Diwan Gurbachan
Singh Khalsa College, Patiala, Punjab (India). He did his MSc in biotechnology
ix
x AbouttheEditors
from Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab (India), and PhD from Thapar Institute
of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab (India). He has 22 years of
research experience including 10 years of teaching microbiology, environmental
biotechnology, and microbial technology for graduate students. Dr. Ahluwalia has
published25researchpapersinpeer-reviewedinternationalandnationaljournals;in
addition, he has presented 33 research papers in conferences and symposia along
with three patents in his credit. Dr. Ahluwalia has reviewed a number of research
papers/manuscripts. Dr. Ahluwalia has received the grants from the UGC,
GovernmentofIndia,NewDelhi,andCSIR,NewDelhi,forresearchprojects.
Further, he has developed the technology for the removal of Cr (VI) from
chrome effluent. Besides that, he is a fellow member of Research Journal of
Chemistry and Environment as well as a life member of the Biotech Research
SocietyofIndia,AssociationofMicrobiologistsofIndia,andPunjabAcademyof
Sciences. His research interests are in the field of environmental biotechnology,
bioremediation,andenvironmentalmonitoring.