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Advances In Cracking Furnace Technology - Klmtechgroup.com PDF

103 Pages·2002·2.72 MB·English
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Advances in Cracking Furnace Technology Karl Kolmetz Advances in Cracking Furnace Technology Outline 1. Introduction 2. Historical Development 3. Design Constraints 4. Comparison of Current Designs 5. Furnace Run lengths 6. Anti Coking 7. Future Opportunities 8. Conclusions Introduction • Furnace technology is an area of active research. The high-energy consumption, capital and maintenance cost of the current cracking furnace are a driving force to develop improved conversion routes. Introduction • The pyrolysis of hydrocarbons for the production of petrochemicals is almost exclusively carried out in tubular coils located in fired heaters. Introduction • Steam is added to the feedstock to reduce the partial pressure of the hydrocarbon in the coil. Introduction • The reactions that result in the transformation of saturated hydrocarbons to olefins are highly endothermic and require temperatures in the range of 750 to 900 degrees C depending on the feedstock and design of the pyrolysis coil. History • The first commercial unit for pyrolysis cracking of hydrocarbons was commissioned at Esso’s facility in Baton Rouge, Louisiana during 1943. • The feedstock was Gas Oil and the Butadiene extracted from the cracked products was used to make Butyl rubber. History • Ethylene, propylene and other products were flared. • Shortly thereafter, two more commercial pyrolysis-cracking units were constructed along with ethanol and ethylene glycol plants to utilize the ethylene. History • All pyrolysis cracking furnaces constructed during the 40’s and 50’s had horizontal radiant tubes and residence times in excess of 0.5 seconds. • Radiant tube materials were 310 stainless (wrought 25 Chrome 20 Nickel) or incoloy. Cast tubes were not yet invented. History • Prior to the mid 60’s all furnaces were fired with a very large number of wall burners spaced on about six foot centers in the horizontal walls and facing the row of radiant tubes.

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