Advances in Clinical Child Psychology

385 Pages·1982·8.885 MB·English

by  Thomas M. Achenbach (auth.), Benjamin B. Lahey, Alan E. Kazdin (eds.)

Aavances in
Clinical Chila
Psychology
VolumeS
ADVANCES IN CLINICAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
Advisory Editors
DONNA M. GELFAND, University of Utah
JOHN C. MASTERS, University of Minnesota
TODD R. RISLEY, University of Kansas
DA VID L. ROSENHAN, Stanford University
ALAN O. ROSS, State University of New York at Stony Brook
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring
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Advances in
Clinical Child
Psychology
VolumeS
Edited IJ!!
Benjamin B. Lahey
University of Georgia
Athens, Georgia
i1IU7
Alan E. Kazdin
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Plenum Press· New York and London
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ISBN 978-1-4613-9813-4 ISBN 978-1-4613-9811-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4613-9811-0
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This series is dedicated to
the children of the world, especially
MEGAN, EDWARD, ERIN, NICOLE, and MICHELLE
Contributors
Thomas M. Achenbach Department of Psychiatry, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
Beverly M. Atkeson Department of Psychology, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia
Russell A. Barkley Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
Children's Hospital, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Dennis P. Cantwell Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of
California at Los Angeles, 760 Westwood
Plaza, Los Angeles, California
L. Erlenmeyer-Kimling New York State Psychiatric Institute and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia Uni
versity, New York, New York
Rex L. Forehand Department of Psychology, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia
Michael A. Glish Department of Psychiatry, University of
California, San Francisco, California
Martin Herbert Departme1lt of Psychology, University of
Leicester, Leicester, England
James H. Johnson Department of Clinical Psychology, Uni
versity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Kathryn M. Rickard Department of Psychology, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia
vii
V1ll CONTRIBUTORS
Myrna B. Shure Department of Mental Health Sciences,
Hahnemanll Medical College and Hospital,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
George Spivack Department of Mental Health Sciences,
Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital,
Philadelphia, Penllsylvania
Norman F. Watt Department of Psychology, University of
Denver, Denver, Colorado
John S. Werry Department of Psychiatry, School of Medi
cine, University of Auckland, Private Bag,
Auckland, New Zealand
Preface
Advances in Clinical Child Psychology continues to bring to its readers
scholarly papers that review and update advances in diverse areas of
research with children. The focus on basic and applied work with chil
dren encompasses several disciplines and professions. This volume, the
fifth in the series, continues to expand the range of topics and specialty
areas represented by the contributors. In the present volume, contribu
tions address several different topics related to diagnosis, assessment,
and treatment of childhood disorders. Taxonomy, nosology, and assess
ment of childhood behavioral problems, and social and emotional ad
justment are discussed. Contributions also address recent advances re
lated to specific disorders including childhood depression, conduct
disorders, and hyperactivity. Factors that impinge on child development
and have implications for social adjustment and psychopathology are
covered in separate contributions on the effects of divorce and life
events as stressors in general. Treatment techniques are also covered in
the present volume. A separate contribution on pharmacotherapy de
tails the latest advances and outstanding issues in that field. Problem
solving therapy is also covered in a contribution on the cognitive bases
of social adjustment in children.
As with previous volumes, we would like to express our gratitude
to several persons. Foremost are the contributors whose scholarship and
expertise contributed fundamentally to this volume, as well as the over
all series. Also, we are grateful to the contributing editors who suggest
contributors, provide input on the direction of the series, and often
review the contributions. Finally, the staff of Plenum, including es
pecially Leonard R. Pace, provide excellent support for the series, for
which we are continually grateful.
BENJAMIN B. LAHEY
ALAN E. KAZDIN
ix
Contents
Assessment and Taxonomy of Children's
1
Behavior Disorders
Thomas M. Achenbach
1. Assessment Paradigms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. The Medical Assessment Paradigm ................. 2
1.2. The Psychodynamic Assessment Paradigm. . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3. The Psychometric Assessment Paradigm. . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4. The Behavioral Assessment Paradigm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Taxonomic Paradigms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1. The Kraepelinian Taxonomic Paradigm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2. The Psychodynamic Taxonomic Paradigm. . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3. The Multivariate Taxonomic Paradigm .............. 8
2.4. Other Approaches to Taxonomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3. Research Issues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1. Reliability of Assessment and Taxonomy. . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2. Questions of Validity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4. A Taxometric Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.1. Illustration of a Taxometric Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5. Clinical Implications: Assessment and Taxonomy as Guides
for Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6. Summary... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7. References........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Childhood Depression: A Review of 2
Current Research
Dennis P. Cantwell
1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2. Classification Schemes and Clinical Picture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3. Assessment of Depression in Childhood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4. Family and Genetic Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5. Biological Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6. Natural History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
xi
xii CONTENTS
7. Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8. Summary and Future Directions for Research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
9. References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3
Conduct Disorders
Martin Herbert
1. In trod uction 95
2. Assessment ........................................... . 95
2.1. Behavior: Identifying Target Problems .............. . 95
2.2. Situation Specificity .............................. . 99
2.3. Parameters ...................................... . 100
2.4. Identifying Controlling Variables .................. . 101
2.5. Organismic Variables ............................. . 101
2.6. Distal Antecedents ............................... . 108
2.7. Proximal Antecedents ............................ . 110
2.8. Proximal Consequences ........................... . 111
2.9. Distal Consequences and Diagnostic Implications .... . 113
3. Social Learning Theory and Behavioral Treatment ......... . 115
3.1. Parents as Behavior Modifiers ..................... . 116
3.2. The Triadic Model. ............................... . 120
3.3. Residential Settings .............................. . 124
3.4. Classroom Settings ............................... . 126
4. Conclusions ........................................... . 127
5. References ............................................ . 130
Guidelines for Defining Hyperactivity in
Children: Attention Deficit Disorder with 4
Hyperactivity
Russell A. Barkley
1. Introduction 137
2. Review of Research Selection Criteria ................... . 139
3. Diagnosing Hyperactivity in the Clinical Setting ......... . 142
4. Definitions of Hyperactivity: A Survey .................. . 144
5. Commonly Referenced Criteria ......................... . 149
6. DSM-III: Attention Deficit Disorder ..................... . 150
7. Defining Hyperactivity/ADD: A Working Set of Guidelines. 153