Advances in Chemical Physics, Volume 148 PDF
Preview Advances in Chemical Physics, Volume 148
ADVANCESINCHEMICALPHYSICS VOLUME148 EDITORIALBOARD Moungi G. Bawendi, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,Massachusetts,USA Kurt Binder, Condensed Matter Theory Group, Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg- UniversitätMainz,Mainz,Germany William T. Coffey, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Trinity College, UniversityofDublin,Dublin,Ireland Karl F. Freed, Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago,Illinois,USA Daan Frenkel, Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,UnitedKingdom PierreGaspard, CenterforNonlinearPhenomenaandComplexSystems,UniversitéLibrede Bruxelles,Brussels,Belgium MartinGruebele, SchoolofChemicalSciencesandBeckmanInstitute,DirectorofCenterfor BiophysicsandComputationalBiology,UniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,Urbana, Illinois,USA Jean-PierreHansen, DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,United Kingdom Gerhard Hummer, Chief, Theoretical Biophysics Section, NIDDK-National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,Maryland,USA RonnieKosloff, DepartmentofPhysicalChemistry,InstituteofChemistryandFritzHaber CenterforMolecularDynamics,TheHebrewUniversityofJerusalem,Israel Ka Yee Lee, Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago,Chicago,Illinois,USA ToddJ.Martinez, DepartmentofChemistry,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,California,USA Shaul Mukamel, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California,USA JoseOnuchic, DepartmentofPhysics,Co-DirectorCenterforTheoreticalBiologicalPhysics, UniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego,LaJolla,California,USA StevenQuake, DepartmentofPhysics,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,California,USA MarkRatner, DepartmentofChemistry,NorthwesternUniversity,Evanston,Illinois,USA David Reichmann, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA GeorgeSchatz, DepartmentofChemistry,NorthwesternUniversity,Evanston,Illinois,USA NorbertScherer, DepartmentofChemistry,JamesFranckInstitute,UniversityofChicago, Chicago,Illinois,USA StevenJ.Sibener, DepartmentofChemistry,JamesFranckInstitute,UniversityofChicago, Chicago,Illinois,USA Andrei Tokmakoff, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,Massachusetts,USA Donald G. Truhlar, Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota,USA JohnC.Tully, DepartmentofChemistry,YaleUniversity,NewHaven,Connecticut,USA ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS VOLUME148 Editedby STUARTA.RICE DepartmentofChemistry and TheJamesFranckInstitute TheUniversityofChicago Chicago,Illinois AARONR.DINNER DepartmentofChemistry and TheJamesFranckInstitute TheUniversityofChicago Chicago,Illinois Copyright©2012byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyform orbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptas permittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyrightAct,withouteithertheprior writtenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriateper-copyfee totheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750-8400, fax(978)750-4470,oronthewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermission shouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet, Hoboken,NJ07030,(201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,oronlineat http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. 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LibraryofCongressCatalogNumber:58-9935 ISBN:978-1-118-12235-8 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 148 L.Assoud,Institutfu¨rTheoretischePhysikII:WeicheMaterie,Heinrich-Heine- Universita¨tDu¨sseldorf,D-40225Düsseldorf,Germany ConstantinBrif,DepartmentofChemistry,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NJ 08544,USA RajChakrabarti,SchoolofChemicalEngineering,PurdueUniversity,Forney HallofChemicalEngineering,480StadiumMallDrive,WestLafayette,IN 47907,USA Bob Eisenberg, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60305, USA; Mathematics and Computer Science Division,ArgonneNationalLaboratory,9700SouthCassAvenue,Argonne, IL60439,USA H.Lo¨wen,Institutfu¨rTheoretischePhysikII:WeicheMaterie,Heinrich-Heine- Universita¨tDu¨sseldorf,D-40225Du¨sseldorf,Germany R.Messina,Institutfu¨rTheoretischePhysikII:WeicheMaterie,Heinrich-Heine- Universita¨tDu¨sseldorf,D-40225Du¨sseldorf,Germany E.C.Og˘uz,Institutfu¨rTheoretischePhysikII:WeicheMaterie,Heinrich-Heine- Universita¨tDu¨sseldorf,D-40225Du¨sseldorf,Germany HerschelRabitz,DepartmentofChemistry,PrincetonUniversity,Princeton,NJ 08544,USA FrançoisSausset,DepartmentofPhysics,Technion,Haifa32000,Israel Gilles Tarjus, Laboratoire de Physique The´orique de la Matie`re Condense´e, Universite´PierreetMarieCurie-Paris6,UMRCNRS7600,4placeJussieu, 75252ParisCedex05,France PascalViot,LaboratoiredePhysiqueThe´oriquedelaMatie`reCondense´e,Uni- versite´ Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR CNRS 7600, 4 place Jussieu, 75252ParisCedex05,France v PREFACE TO THE SERIES Advances in science often involve initial development of individual specialized fields of study within traditional disciplines, followed by broadening and over- lapping,orevenmerging,ofthosespecializedfields,leadingtoablurringofthe linesbetweentraditionaldisciplines.Thepaceofthatblurringhasacceleratedin thelastfewdecades,andmuchoftheimportantandexcitingresearchcarriedout todayseekstosynthesizeelementsfromdifferentfieldsofknowledge.Examples ofsuchresearchareasincludebiophysicsandstudiesofnanostructuredmaterials. As the study of the forces that govern the structure and dynamics of molecular systems,chemicalphysicsencompassestheseandmanyotheremergingresearch directions.Unfortunately,thefloodofscientificliteraturehasbeenaccompanied by losses in the shared vocabulary and approaches of the traditional disciplines, andthereismuchpressurefromscientificjournalstobeevermoreconciseinthe descriptionsofstudies,tothepointthatmuchvaluableexperience,ifrecordedat all, is hidden in supplements and dissipated with time. These trends in science and publishing make this series, Advances in Chemical Physics, a much needed resource. The Advances in Chemical Physics is devoted to helping the reader obtain general information about a wide variety of topics in chemical physics, a field thatweinterpretverybroadly.Ourintentistohaveexpertspresentcomprehensive analysesofsubjectsofinterestandtoencouragetheexpressionofindividualpoints ofview.Wehopethatthisapproachtothepresentationofanoverviewofasubject will both stimulate new research and serve as a personalized learning text for beginnersinafield. StuartA.Rice AaronR.Dinner vii CONTENTS ControlofQuantumPhenomena 1 ByConstantinBrif,RajChakrabarti,andHerschelRabitz CrowdedChargesinIonChannels 77 ByBobEisenberg ColloidalCrystallizationBetweenTwoandThreeDimensions 225 ByH.Lo¨wen,E.C.Og˘uz,L.Assoud,andR.Messina StatisticalMechanicsofLiquidsandFluidsinCurvedSpace 251 ByGillesTarjus,Franc¸oisSausset,andPascalViot AuthorIndex 311 SubjectIndex 359 ix Chapter1,Figure1. Aschematicdepictionofaclosed-loopprocessemployedinadaptive feedbackcontrol(AFC)ofquantumphenomena.Theinputtotheloopisaninitialcontrolguesswhich canbeadesignestimateorevenarandomfieldinmanycases.Acurrentdesignofthelasercontrol fieldiscreatedwithapulseshaperandthenappliedtothesample.Theoutcomeofthecontrolactionis measured,andtheresultsarefedbacktoalearningalgorithm.Thealgorithmsearchesthroughthespace ofpossiblecontrolsandsuggestsanimprovedfielddesign.Excursionsaroundthelooparerepeated untilasatisfactoryvalueofthecontrolobjectiveisachieved.TakenfromRef.[4]. Chapter1,Figure2. (Seetextforfullcaption.) Chapter2,Figure1. A“longitudinal”sectionofachannelstructuredrawntoemphasizethe selectivitypropertiesofionchannels.ThestructureofthechannelOmpFisknownfromcrystallography (seetextforreferences).FigureofompFporinbyRaimundDutzler. Chapter2,Figure2. A“crosssection”ofachannelstructuredrawntoemphasizethecrowding ofionsinachannel.ThestructureofthechannelOmpFisknownfromcrystallography[105–111]. FigureadaptedfromSchirmer[112]. Chapter2,Figure6. Current–voltagerelationsrecordedfromseveralmutantsofOmpFporin. Thedetailsofthemutantsaredescribedinpapersreferredtointhetextandtheyareimportant.The wildtypeofporinisunselectiveandsohasa“reversalpotential,”whichischannellanguageforthe gradientofchemicalpotentialofpermeantionsof+25mVundertheseconditions.Themutantswith largedensitiesofglutamatesandsmallvolumes(becauseoftheglutathionederivatives)arecalcium selectiveandhavereversalpotentialsofapproximately−25mV.Seetheoriginalpapers[509,510, 512,624]fordetails.Thegraphisredrawnfromdatainthosepapers.FigurebuiltbyHenkMiedema, WimMeijbergofBioMadeCorp.,Groningen,TheNetherlands. B 1 TT((AA))BB 6 T(A)B T(B) 4 AB6 Re(A)B4 S(A)B 6/7 AB4 * * 4 P(A)AB4 4/5 AB2 #Rh#(A)BR2h(A)AB Rh(A)A*B4 T(AB2) 2/3 A2B3 3 3/5X AB S(AB) Rh(A)AB2 1/2 # A3B2 Rh(A)A2B2 T(AB) 2/5 A2B Rh(A)AB 2 1/3 Re(A)AB AA43BB 2 Rh(A)A3B 11//45 T(A) A 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 m Chapter3,Figure1. (Seetextforfullcaption.)
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