Advances in Ceramic Armor X Advances in Ceramic Armor X A Collection of Papers Presented at the 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites January 27–31, 2014 Daytona Beach, Florida Edited by Jerry C. LaSalvia Volume Editors Andrew Gyekenyesi Michael Halbig Copyright © 2015 by The American Ceramic Society. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. 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For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. ISBN: 978-1-119-04043-9 ISSN: 0196-6219 Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface vii Introduction ix Testing Method for Ceramic Armor and Bare Ceramic Tiles 1 Erik Carton and Geert Roebroeks Effects of Novel Geometric Designs on the Ballistic Performance of 13 Ceramics P. Karandikar, B. Givens, A. Liszkiewicz, S. Wong, and M. Aghajanian Surface Modification of Ballistic Ceramic and Composite Materials 23 by use of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Lionel Vargas-Gonzalez, Victor Rodriguez-Santiago, and Andres A. Bujanda Evaluating the Rock Strike Resistance of Transparent Armor 37 Materials Brandon S. Aldinger Ballistic Damage of Alumina Ceramics–Learning from Fragments 49 Houzheng Wu, Santonu Ghosh, Claire E.J. Dancer, and Richard I. Todd Characterization of Silicon Carbide Microstructure using 63 Nondestructive Ultrasound Techniques V. DeLucca and R. A. Haber Dynamic Electromechanical Response of 4H and 6H Single Crystal 75 Silicon Carbide Leslie Lamberson On Microstructure and Electronic Properties of Boron Carbide 87 Helmut Werheit v Assessing the Carbon Concentration in Boron Carbide: A 103 Combined X-Ray Diffraction and Chemical Analysis Kanak Kuwelkar, Vladislav Domnich, and Richard Haber The Effect of SiO and B O Additives on the Microstructure and 111 2 2 3 Hardness of Hot-Pressed Boron Carbide K. D. Behler, A. Z. Hutchinson III, and J. C. LaSalvia Processing of Boron Rich Boron Carbide by Boron Doping 119 Tyler Munhollon, Kanak Kuwelkar, and Rich Haber Densification of Commercial and Rapid Carbothermal Synthesized 129 Boron Carbide M. Fatih Toksoy, William Rafaniello, and Richard Haber Optimization of the Spark Plasma Sintering Condition for 137 Transparent Polycrystalline Magnesium Aluminate Spinel Minh Vu and Richard Haber A Non-Gruneisen Equations of State for Hydrocode 145 Michael Grinfeld Author Index 157 vi · Advances in Ceramic Armor X Preface I had the pleasure of being the lead organizer for the 12th Armor Ceramics Sympo- sium in 2014 at the 38th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites. I am very grateful for the guidance and support that was provided by Jeff Swab, Andy Wereszczak, Jim McCauley, and the organizing committee in putting this symposium together. Consistent with the history of this symposium, we strived to create a program that would foster discussion and collaboration be- tween researchers from around the world in academia, government, and industry on various scientific issues associated with the topic of armor ceramics. The 2014 symposium consisted of approximately 55 invited, contributing, and poster presentations from the international scientific community in the areas of syn- thesis & processing, manufacturing, materials characterization, testing & evalua- tion, quasi-static & dynamic behavior, modeling, and application. In addition, be- cause of their importance for the foreseeable future, this symposium also had special focused topic sessions on Adhesive Bonding of Ceramics and Boron Car- bide. Based on feedback from attendees, the 2014 symposium was a success, and the manuscripts contained in these proceedings are from some of the presentations that comprised the 12th edition of the Armor Ceramics Symposium. On behalf of Jeff Swab and the organizing committee, I would like to thank all of the presenters, authors, session chairs, and manuscript reviewers for their efforts in making this symposium and the associated proceedings a success. I would also especially like to thank Andy Wereszczak, Todd Beaudet, Vlad Domnich, Mike Golt, Steve Kilczewski, Jim McCauley, Bob Pavlacka, and Jared Wright for step- ping up to host and chair the symposium when we were unable to due to remnant effects of Sequestration. Last, but not least, I would like to recognize Marilyn Stoltz and Greg Geiger of The American Ceramic Society, for their support and tireless efforts without which the success of this symposium would not be possible. JERRYC. LASALVIA Symposium Chair, Armor Ceramics vii