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Advances in Cancer Research [Vol 66] - G. Van de Woude, G. Klein (AP, 1995) WW PDF

375 Pages·1995·18.91 MB·English
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Preview Advances in Cancer Research [Vol 66] - G. Van de Woude, G. Klein (AP, 1995) WW

ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH VOLUME 66 This Page Intentionally Left Blank ADVANCES IN CANCERRESEARCH Edited by GEORGE F. VANDE WOUDE ABL-Basic Research Program NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center Frederick, Maryland GEORGE KLEIN Department of Tumor Biology Karolinska lnstitutet Stockholm, Sweden Volume 66 ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ 0 1995 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. A Division of Harcourt Brace & Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495 United Kingdom Edition published by Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road. London NWl 7DX International Standard Serial Number: 0065-230X International Standard Book Number: 0- 12-006666- 1 PRINTED IN THE UNlTED STATES OF AMERICA 95 96 9 7 9 8 99 0 0 B B 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 66 ................................ X FOUNDATIONS IN CANCER RESEARCH The Adventures of a Biologist: Prenatal Diagnosis, Hematopoiesis, Leukemia, Carcinogenesis, and Tumor Suppression LEO SACHS I. Studies in England and Move to Israel: Amniocentesis and Prenatal and Irradiation ...... ............ ............ 21 IV. Chromosome Changes ............ 24 V. Concluding Remarks . ....... 28 .......... 31 FOUNDATIONS IN CANCER RESEARCH From Aristotle, through Spemann, to Tumor Immunology: A Personal Experience MICHAEL FELDMAN I. Dreams .......................................................... 42 11. Initial Experiments: Tumor Allografts .............................. 44 111. Initial Realities: Tumor-Specific Transplantation Antigen ............ 46 IV. 47 V.49 VI. Upregulating the Expression of Endogenous H-2K Genes ............ 53 Actual Realities: T Cell Recognition of Cell Surface Epitopes ......... MHC Class I Genes Control the Metastatic Phenotype of Tumor Cells V vi VII . VIII . IX . X . XI . 1 . I1 . I11 . 1 v . V . VI . VII . VIII . IX . X . XI . I . I1 . I11 . I v . V . CONTENTS The Tumor-Specific Immunogenic Epitope of a Murine Lung Carcinoma Is an Octapeptide Mutein of Connexin 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . . The New Era of Molecularly Characterized Tumor- Associated Antigens .................................... Tumor Cells Transduced by Cytokine Genes ..................... Conclusion .................................................... References .................................................... Target Organ Specificity of Metastasis ........................... . . . . . . . . . . Tumor Suppressor p53 Mutations and Breast Cancer: A Critical Analysis MICHELLE A . OZBUN AND JANET S . BUTEL Introduction .................................................. Somatic Changes in Human Breast Cancer ....................... Thep53 Gene ................................................. The a53 Protein ............................................... History of 153 ................................................. Quaternary Structure of the p53 Protein Properties and Phenotypes ofp53 Mutants .......................... p53 Mutations and Breast Cancer .................................. ........................... Functional Properties of WT p53 .................................. Systems for Studying Genetic Changes Involved in Breast Cancer . . . . . Summary ........................................................ References ....................................................... . . .. p53: A Cell Cycle Regulator Activated by DNA Damage GALINA SELIVANOVA AND KLAS G . WIMAN Introduction .......................................... ..................... Biochemical Functions of $3 ............ ..................... Interactions with Viral and Cellular Proteins Regulation of p5? Function ........................................ Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases: Theme and Variations JONATHON PINES I . Introduction ..................................................... Checkpoints and the Cell Cycle .................................... I1 . 55 56 59 63 64 66 72 72 73 75 77 82 85 98 108 120 126 126 143 144 149 161 166 I73 181 182 111 . I v . V . VI . VII . VIII . IX . X . XI . XI1 . XI11 . XIV . x v . XVI . I . I1 . 111 . I v . V . v1 . VII . VIII . CONTENTS Cyclins .......................................................... Cyclins Are Regulated by Proteolysis How CDKs Are Activated by Binding Cyclins ....................... Modulation of the Cyclic-CDK Complexes: Phosphorylation and Inhibitor Proteins ............................................ .................. .............................................. ....................................... D-Type Cyclins as Regulators of Rb ................................ D-Type Cyclins Are Involved in Differentiation ..................... S-Phase Cyclins ................................................... Mitotic Cyclins ................................................... Nonmitotic Cell Cyclins ........................................... With Apologies to Elgar ........................................... References ....................................................... The GI to S Cyclins .............................................. Molecular Genetics of 1 1 q23 Chromosome Translocations ELI CANAANI. PETER C . NOWELL. AND CARLO M . CROCE Introduction .................................. Cytogenetics of 1 lq23 Abnormalities ............................... Clinical Considerations .................................. Cloning the Breakpoint Cluster Region ............................. ALL-I: The Human Homologue of Drosophzla hithorax . Fusion of ALL-1 to Partner Genes .................................. Models for ALL-1 Leukernogenicity .......................... Conclusions . . . . . . . ..................... References ....................................................... vii 183 183 187 188 192 194 196 197 198 199 201 203 205 206 206 213 214 216 217 22 1 224 229 230 231 Role of Scatter Factor and the c-met Protooncogene in the Pathogenesis of AIDS-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma PETER J . POLVERINI AND BRIAN J . NICKOLOFF I . Introduction ..................................................... 235 I1 . Epidemiology of AIDS-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma ................. 236 I11 . 237 IV . The Kaposi’s Sarcoma Phenotype .................................. 238 V . Agents Implicated in the Etiology of Kaposi’s Sarcoma ............... Endothelial Cells Undergo Phenotypic Conversion to Kaposi’s Sarcoma-like Tumor Cells When Exposed to HIV-Infected T Lymphocyte-Conditioned Media ................................. 240 Scatter Factor and the c-met Receptor: A Paracrine and Autocrine Growth Signaling System .......................................... 245 VI . ... Vlll CONTENTS VII. VIII. Proposed Role for Scatter Factor and c-met in Kaposi's Sarcoma Carcinogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 Conclusions and Sunimary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 References ....................................................... 250 REL/NF-KB/~ KB Story SHIGEKI MIYAMOTO AND INDER M. VERMA I. Introduction ..................................................... 255 11. KB-Binding Factors . ..................................... 257 111. IKB Family of Protein .... . . . . . . . ........ . . . . IV. Regulation of Rel/NF-KB Activity . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Rel/NF-KB Regulation of'the Target Gene Transcription . . . I . . . . . . . . . 279 VI. Drosophilu System: Dorsal, Dif, and Cactus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 I VII. 284 References ....................................................... 284 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Radiation Leukemia Virus-Induced Leukemogenesis: A Paradigm of Preleukemia and Its Control by Preventive Therapy EITAN YEFENOF AND MOSHE KOTLER I. 11. 111. I V. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. Introduction Radiation Leukemia Virus (RadLV)-Induced Leukemogenesis . . . . . . . . Mechanism of Transformation by RadLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rad LV- I nduced Preleu kemic Cells PL Cell Cultures . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clonal Nature of PL Cells IL-4 Dependency of PL Cells . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................... Tumorigenesis Induced by Chronic Ret .................... ..................... .......................... Active Intervention in RadLV Leukemogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................. The Insertion of Foreign DNA into Mammalian Genomes and Its WALTER DOERFLER 293 294 295 297 299 30 1 302 302 905 308 309 I. Scope of Review .................................................. 313 316 11. The Adenovirus System as a Model . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CONTENTS ix 111 . On the Mechanism of Integrative Recombination .................... 334 IV . 328 De novu DNA Methylation of Integrated Foreign DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V . Alterations in Patterns of Cellu1a;DNA Methylation and Gene Expression as Consequences of Foreign DNA Insertions into Mammalian Genomes? .................................... Uptake of Foreign DNA through the Gastrointestinal Tract . . A Concept for Oncogenesis-Implications for Gene Therapy and Research on Transgenic Organisms .................... References ............................................... V1 . VI I . . . . . . 336 . . 338 . . . . . 339 ..... 341 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . ................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

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