Advances in Cancer Research [Vol 66] - G. Van de Woude, G. Klein (AP, 1995) WW

375 Pages·1995·18.91 MB·English

ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH

VOLUME 66

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

ADVANCES IN
CANCERRESEARCH

Edited by

GEORGE F. VANDE WOUDE

ABL-Basic Research Program
NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center
Frederick, Maryland

GEORGE KLEIN

Department of Tumor Biology
Karolinska lnstitutet
Stockholm, Sweden

Volume 66

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CONTENTS

CONTRIBUTORS
TO VOLUME 66 ................................
X

FOUNDATIONS IN CANCER RESEARCH

The Adventures of a Biologist: Prenatal Diagnosis, Hematopoiesis,
Leukemia, Carcinogenesis, and Tumor Suppression

LEO SACHS

I.
Studies in England and Move to Israel: Amniocentesis and Prenatal

and Irradiation ......
............
............
21
IV.
Chromosome Changes
............
24
V.
Concluding Remarks .
.......
28

..........
31

FOUNDATIONS IN CANCER RESEARCH

From Aristotle, through Spemann, to Tumor Immunology:
A Personal Experience

MICHAEL FELDMAN

I.
Dreams ..........................................................
42
11.
Initial Experiments: Tumor Allografts ..............................
44
111.
Initial Realities: Tumor-Specific Transplantation Antigen ............
46
IV.
47
V.49
VI.
Upregulating the Expression of Endogenous H-2K Genes ............
53

Actual Realities: T Cell Recognition of Cell Surface Epitopes .........
MHC Class I Genes Control the Metastatic Phenotype of Tumor Cells

V

vi

VII .

VIII .

IX .
X .
XI .

1 .
I1 .
I11 .
1 v .
V .
VI .
VII .
VIII .
IX .
X .
XI .

I .
I1 .
I11 .
I v .
V .

CONTENTS

The Tumor-Specific Immunogenic Epitope of a Murine Lung
Carcinoma Is an Octapeptide Mutein of Connexin 37 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The New Era of Molecularly Characterized
Tumor- Associated Antigens ....................................
Tumor Cells Transduced by Cytokine Genes .....................

Conclusion ....................................................
References ....................................................

Target Organ Specificity of Metastasis ...........................

. .
. .
. .
. .
. .

Tumor Suppressor p53 Mutations and Breast Cancer:
A Critical Analysis

MICHELLE
A . OZBUN
AND JANET S . BUTEL

Introduction ..................................................
Somatic Changes in Human Breast Cancer .......................

Thep53 Gene .................................................
The a53 Protein ...............................................

History of 153 .................................................

Quaternary Structure of the p53 Protein

Properties and Phenotypes ofp53 Mutants ..........................
p53 Mutations and Breast Cancer ..................................

...........................
Functional Properties of WT p53 ..................................

Systems for Studying Genetic Changes Involved in Breast Cancer . . . . .
Summary ........................................................
References .......................................................

. .
..

p53: A Cell Cycle Regulator Activated by DNA Damage

GALINA
SELIVANOVA
AND KLAS G . WIMAN

Introduction
..........................................
.....................
Biochemical Functions of $3 ............
.....................
Interactions with Viral and Cellular Proteins
Regulation of p5? Function ........................................

Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases: Theme and Variations

JONATHON PINES

I . Introduction .....................................................
Checkpoints and the Cell Cycle ....................................
I1 .

55

56
59
63
64
66

72
72
73
75
77
82
85
98
108
120
126
126

143
144
149
161
166
I73

181
182

111 .
I v .
V .
VI .

VII .
VIII .
IX .
X .
XI .
XI1 .
XI11 .
XIV .
x v .
XVI .

I .
I1 .
111 .
I v .
V .
v1 .
VII .
VIII .

CONTENTS

Cyclins ..........................................................
Cyclins Are Regulated by Proteolysis
How CDKs Are Activated by Binding Cyclins .......................
Modulation of the Cyclic-CDK Complexes: Phosphorylation
and Inhibitor Proteins ............................................
..................
..............................................
.......................................
D-Type Cyclins as Regulators of Rb ................................
D-Type Cyclins Are Involved in Differentiation .....................

S-Phase Cyclins ...................................................
Mitotic Cyclins ...................................................
Nonmitotic Cell Cyclins ...........................................
With Apologies to Elgar ...........................................
References .......................................................

The GI to S Cyclins ..............................................

Molecular Genetics of 1 1 q23 Chromosome Translocations

ELI CANAANI.
PETER C . NOWELL.
AND CARLO M . CROCE

Introduction ..................................
Cytogenetics of 1 lq23 Abnormalities ...............................
Clinical Considerations ..................................
Cloning the Breakpoint Cluster Region .............................
ALL-I: The Human Homologue of Drosophzla hithorax .
Fusion of ALL-1 to Partner Genes ..................................
Models for ALL-1 Leukernogenicity ..........................
Conclusions . . . . . . .
.....................
References .......................................................

vii

183
183
187

188
192
194
196
197
198
199
201
203
205
206
206

213
214
216
217
22 1
224
229
230
231

Role of Scatter Factor and the c-met Protooncogene in the
Pathogenesis of AIDS-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma

PETER J . POLVERINI
AND BRIAN J . NICKOLOFF

I . Introduction .....................................................
235
I1 . Epidemiology of AIDS-Associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma .................
236
I11 .
237
IV . The Kaposi’s Sarcoma Phenotype ..................................
238
V .

Agents Implicated in the Etiology of Kaposi’s Sarcoma ...............

Endothelial Cells Undergo Phenotypic Conversion to Kaposi’s
Sarcoma-like Tumor Cells When Exposed to HIV-Infected
T Lymphocyte-Conditioned Media .................................
240
Scatter Factor and the c-met Receptor: A Paracrine and Autocrine
Growth Signaling System ..........................................
245
VI .

...
Vlll
CONTENTS

VII.

VIII.

Proposed Role for Scatter Factor and c-met in Kaposi's
Sarcoma Carcinogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
246
Conclusions and Sunimary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
249
References .......................................................
250

REL/NF-KB/~
KB Story

SHIGEKI
MIYAMOTO
AND INDER M. VERMA

I.
Introduction .....................................................
255
11.
KB-Binding Factors .
.....................................
257
111.
IKB Family of Protein
.... . . . . . . . ........ . . . .
IV.
Regulation of Rel/NF-KB Activity . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V.
Rel/NF-KB Regulation of'the Target Gene Transcription . . . I
.
.
. . . . . . .
279
VI.
Drosophilu System: Dorsal, Dif, and Cactus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28 I
VII.
284
References .......................................................
284
Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . .
. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Radiation Leukemia Virus-Induced Leukemogenesis: A Paradigm
of Preleukemia and Its Control by Preventive Therapy

EITAN YEFENOF
AND MOSHE KOTLER

I.
11.
111.
I V.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.

Introduction

Radiation Leukemia Virus (RadLV)-Induced Leukemogenesis . . . . . . . .
Mechanism of Transformation by RadLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rad LV- I nduced Preleu kemic Cells
PL Cell Cultures . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clonal Nature of PL Cells
IL-4 Dependency of PL Cells . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....................
Tumorigenesis Induced by Chronic Ret
....................

.....................

..........................

Active Intervention in RadLV Leukemogenesis . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.................................................

The Insertion of Foreign DNA into Mammalian Genomes and Its

WALTER DOERFLER

293
294
295
297
299
30 1
302
302
905
308
309

I. Scope of Review ..................................................
313
316
11.
The Adenovirus System as a Model . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CONTENTS
ix

111 . On the Mechanism of Integrative Recombination ....................
334
IV .
328
De novu DNA Methylation of Integrated Foreign DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V . Alterations in Patterns of Cellu1a;DNA
Methylation and Gene
Expression as Consequences of Foreign DNA Insertions into
Mammalian Genomes? ....................................
Uptake of Foreign DNA through the Gastrointestinal Tract . .
A Concept for Oncogenesis-Implications
for Gene Therapy
and Research on Transgenic Organisms ....................
References ...............................................

V1 .
VI I .
. . .

. .
336
. .
338

. . . . .
339
.....
341

INDEX . . . . . . . . . .
.................
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345