Advances in Business Statistics, Methods and Data Collection

867 Pages·2023·20.114 MB·English

by  Ger Snijkers, Mojca Bavdaž, Stefan Bender, Jacqui Jones, Steve MacFeely, Joseph W. Sakshaug, Katherine J. Thompson, Arnout van Delden

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AdvancesinBusinessStatistics,MethodsandDataCollection
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Advances in Business Statistics, Methods
and Data Collection
Edited by
Ger Snijkers
StatisticsNetherlands
Mojca Bavdaž
UniversityofLjubljana
(cid:2) Stefan Bender (cid:2)
DeutscheBundesbankandUniversityofMannheim
Jacqui Jones
AustralianBureauofStatistics
Steve MacFeely
WorldHealthOrganizationandUniversityCollegeCork
Joseph W. Sakshaug
InstituteforEmploymentResearchandLudwigMaximilianUniversityofMunich
Katherine J. Thompson
U.S.CensusBureau
Arnout van Delden
StatisticsNetherlands
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2023
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v
Contents
ListofContributors xxix
Section1 IntroductiontoNewMeasures/IndicatorsfortheEconomy 1
1 AdvancesinBusinessStatistics,MethodsandDataCollection:
Introduction 3
GerSnijkers,MojcaBavdaž,StefanBender,JacquiJones,SteveMacFeely,
JosephW.Sakshaug,KatherineJ.Thompson,andArnoutvanDelden
1.1 TheICES-VIEditedVolume:ANewBookonEstablishmentStatistics
(cid:2) Methodology 3 (cid:2)
1.2 TheImportanceofEstablishmentStatistics 5
1.3 ICESTrends 8
1.4 OrganizationofThisBook 11
1.4.1 Section1:IntroductiontoNewMeasures/IndicatorsfortheEconomy 12
1.4.2 Section2:TopicsintheProductionofOfficialEstablishmentStatisticsand
OrganizationalFrameworks 12
1.4.3 Section3:TopicsintheUseofAdministrativeData 13
1.4.4 Section4:TopicsinBusinessSurveyDataCollection 14
1.4.5 Section5:TopicsintheUseofNewDataSourcesandNewTechnologies 15
1.4.6 Section6:TopicsinSamplingandEstimation 16
1.4.7 Section7:TopicsinDataIntegration,LinkingandMatching 16
1.5 ToConclude… 17
Disclaimer 17
References 18
Appendix:AvailableICES-VIIntroductoryOverviewLecture(IOL)Videos 21
2 GDPandtheSNA:PastandPresent 23
SteveMacFeelyandPetervandeVen
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 TheOriginsofNationalIncomeStatistics–ABriefHistory 23
2.2.1 EarlyDevelopments 23
2.2.2 InventionofGrossNationalProduct(GNP) 24
2.2.3 TheDebateonIncludingGovernment 26
2.2.4 TowardaSystemofNationalAccounts 27
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vi Contents
2.2.5 GlobalProliferationofGDP 27
2.3 SNAandGDPToday 28
2.3.1 TheSystematLarge 28
2.3.2 SupplyandUseTables 28
2.3.3 InstitutionalSectorAccounts 31
2.3.4 TheLinkBetweenSupplyandUseTablesandtheInstitutionalSectorAccounts 33
2.3.5 ConsistencyandCoherence 33
2.3.6 TheRelationshipBetweenNationalAccountsandBusinessStatistics 34
2.3.6.1 DefinitionalAdjustments 35
2.3.6.2 AdjustmentsforExhaustiveness 35
2.3.6.3 AdjustmentsforTimeConsistency 35
2.3.6.4 BalancingAdjustments 35
2.4 MostRecentandImportantRevisionstoSNA(Implicationsfor
BusinessStatistics) 36
2.4.1 InternationalStandardsNotSetinStone 36
2.4.2 FromSNA1968toSNA1993 37
2.4.3 FromSNA1993toSNA2008 38
2.4.4 TheSNAandSourceStatisticsforEnterprises 39
2.5 ConclusionsandImplicationsforBusinessStatistics 40
References 41
3 GDPandtheSNA:FutureChallenges 43
(cid:2) SteveMacFeelyandPetervandeVen (cid:2)
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 AnAgendafortheFuture 44
3.3 TheTangledWebofGlobalization 44
3.4 TheDigitalRevolution 47
3.5 MovingBeyondGDP:GDPImpeached 48
3.6 IncludingaMeasureofWell-being 50
3.7 PuttingaValueontheEnvironment 52
3.8 ChallengesReplacingGDP 53
3.9 ConclusionsandImplicationsforBusinessStatistics 54
References 56
4 BridgingtheGapBetweenBusinessandMacroeconomicStatistics:
MethodologicalConsiderationsandPracticalSolutions 63
TimoKoskimäkiandKristianTaskinen
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 GlobalProductionandStatistics 63
4.2.1 ConceptsofNationalityandEconomicOwnership 64
4.2.2 CaseFinland:GlobalProductioninEconomicStatistics 65
4.2.2.1 IdentificationofEnterprisesInvolvedinGlobalProduction 65
4.2.2.2 CaseonAutomotiveIndustry 66
4.2.2.3 ForeignTradeofGoodsBasedonEconomicOwnership 67
4.2.2.4 ChallengesRelatedtoGlobalProductionRecordings 68
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Contents vii
4.3 Co-operationBetweenNationalStatisticalOfficesandNationalCentralBank
StatisticsFunctionsTacklingGlobalizationProblems 69
4.3.1 ForeignDirectInvestmentNetworkasanExampleofCo-operation 69
4.3.2 Early-WarningSystem(EWS) 70
4.3.3 ARoadmapforSolvingtheGlobalization-RelatedIssuesinMonetary,Financial,
andBalanceofPayments–Statistics 71
4.4 BridgingtheGapBetweenBusinessandEconomicStatisticsThroughGlobalData
Sharing 72
4.4.1 ProductInnovation–One-OfforRegularDataSharingforBetterQuality 72
4.4.2 ServiceInnovation–ImprovingRespondentServiceforMNEs 73
4.4.3 ProcessInnovationtoStatisticalProductionbyDataSharing 73
4.4.4 InnovatingUserExperience–BetterRelevanceandConsistencyforUsers 74
4.4.5 OrganizationalInnovation–ChangingtheBusinessModelofOfficialStatistics 74
4.4.6 CulturalInnovation–KeytoMakingitHappen 75
4.4.7 InnovationinOtherIndustriestoLearnFrom 75
References 76
5 MeasuringInvestmentinIntangibleAssets 79
MojcaBavdaž,AhmedBounfour,JoshMartin,AlbertoNonnis,GiulioPerani,
andTjašaRedek
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 DataSourcesonIntangibles 80
(cid:2) 5.2.1 PastSurveysonIntangibles 81 (cid:2)
5.2.2 ComparisonofPastSurveysonIntangibles 85
5.3 MeasurementChallengesinSurveys 86
5.3.1 IntangiblesAreIntangibleandMobile 86
5.3.2 Own-AccountInvestmentPrevails 87
5.3.3 PricingofIntangiblesIsDifficult 87
5.3.4 InSearchoftheMostSuitableRespondentforIntangibles 88
5.3.5 InvestmentsinIntangiblesTakeTime 88
5.3.6 DataExistenceQuestioned 89
5.3.7 EvidenceofInconsistentRespondentBehavior 89
5.3.8 SummarizingtheChallengesinIntangibleSurveys:The4“F”Words 90
5.4 IntangiblesandtheProductivityPuzzle 91
5.4.1 AnalyticalConsiderations 91
5.4.2 RoleofGlobalValueChains 91
5.5 CollectingDataonIntangibles:TheWayAhead 93
5.5.1 MethodologicalImprovements 93
5.5.2 DataNeedsTodayandTomorrow 94
5.5.2.1 CurrentandPotentialUsers 94
5.5.2.2 A(Single)IASurveyoraBundleofDataSources? 95
5.5.2.3 AParallelDevelopmentPath:AssessingIntangibleAssetStocks 95
5.6 Conclusion 96
Acknowledgment 98
References 98
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6 MeasuringtheUSDigitalEconomy 105
JessicaR.Nicholson,ThomasF.HowellsIII,andDavidB.Wasshausen
6.1 Introduction 105
6.2 ExperimentalDigitalEconomyMeasures 105
6.2.1 Methodology 106
6.2.1.1 DefiningtheDigitalEconomy 107
6.2.1.2 CalculatingResults 110
6.2.2 DomesticTrends 110
6.2.2.1 ValueAdded 110
6.2.2.2 GrossOutput 112
6.2.2.3 Prices 112
6.2.3 InternationalCollaborationandAlignment 112
6.2.3.1 TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentWorkingPartyon
NationalAccounts 113
6.2.3.2 InternationalComparisons 114
6.2.4 OtherAreasofResearch 115
6.2.4.1 “Free”DigitalMedia 115
6.2.4.2 MeasurementandTreatmentofData 116
6.2.4.3 Prices 117
6.3 MeasuringDigitalServicesTrade 118
6.3.1 DefiningDigitalServicesforInternationalTrade 119
6.3.2 TrendsinICTandICT-enabledServices 119
(cid:2) 6.3.3 AreasofResearch 121 (cid:2)
6.4 ConclusionandWayForward 122
References 123
7 EstablishmentBasedInformalSectorStatistics:AnEndeavorof
MeasurementfromEconomicCensus2018ofNepal 125
MaheshC.Pradhan
7.1 Introduction 125
7.2 IssuesofInformalSectorinLegislationandPoliciesinNepal 125
7.2.1 Constitution2015 126
7.2.2 LaborAct2017 126
7.2.3 ContributionBasedSocialSecurityAct2017 126
7.2.4 FifteenthPeriodicPlan(2019/20–2023/24) 126
7.2.5 NationalEmploymentPolicy2014 126
7.3 ConceptandDefinitionofInformalSector 127
7.3.1 DefinitionofInformalSectorfromStatisticalPerspective 127
7.4 EndeavorsofMeasuringInformalEconomicActivitiesinNepal 128
7.4.1 NepalLaborForceSurvey 128
7.4.2 NepalLivingStandardSurveys(NLSS) 129
7.4.3 PopulationCensuses 129
7.5 EconomicCensus2018 130
7.5.1 ContentsofEconomicCensus2018 130
7.6 StatusoftheInformalSectorStatistics 131
7.6.1 InformalSectorStatisticsfromNepalLaborForceSurvey1998and2008 131
7.6.2 InformalSectorStatisticsfromNepalLaborForceSurvey2017/18 131
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Contents ix
7.6.3 InformalSectorStatisticsfromNationalPopulationCensus2011 131
7.6.4 InformalSectorStatisticsfromNationalEconomicCensus2018 133
7.6.5 StatusofKeepingAccountingRecord 133
7.6.6 InformalityinMicroSmallandMediumEstablishments(MSME) 133
7.6.7 StreetBusinessSituation 135
7.7 AnnualRevenues/Sales,OperatingExpensesinNot-RegisteredEstablishments 137
7.8 NeedofRegularMeasurementInformalSector 140
7.9 Conclusion 141
References 142
Section2 TopicsintheProductionofOfficialEstablishmentStatistics
andOrganizationalFrameworks 145
8 StatisticalProducersChallengesandHelp 147
JacquiJonesandHollyO’Byrne
8.1 Introduction 147
8.2 ABriefOverviewoftheEvolutionofEconomicStatistics,andtheEstablishmentof
NationalStatisticalInstitutes 147
8.3 OurStatisticalEcosystem 150
8.4 HelpAvailabletoUs 152
8.4.1 InternationalGovernance 152
(cid:2) 8.4.2 StatisticalPrinciplestoProduceandDisseminateOfficialStatistics 154 (cid:2)
8.4.3 StatisticalProductionModelsandFrameworks 155
8.4.3.1 QualityAssuranceFrameworks 156
8.4.4 StatisticalManualsandHandbooks 156
8.4.5 Classifications 156
8.4.5.1 ClassifyingBusinesses 157
8.4.5.2 ClassifyingEmploymentandWorkers 157
8.4.5.3 ClassificationsOverview 158
8.4.6 StatisticalTools 158
8.4.7 InternationalCollaborationandSupport 158
8.5 SummaryBeforetheCaseStudy 159
8.6 StandardizationLeadstoEfficiency:Canada’sIntegratedBusinessStatistics
Program 159
8.7 IBSPObjectives 160
8.8 CornerstonesofanIntegratedInfrastructureSystem 160
8.9 Metadata-DrivenModel 161
8.10 IntegratedInfrastructure 161
8.11 InformationManagement 162
8.12 StandardizationandCooperationWithinIBSP 162
8.13 TheBusinessRegister 163
8.13.1 TheBRastheCommonFrame 163
8.13.2 AllocationFactorsontheBR 163
8.13.3 CommoditiesandActivitiesontheBR 164
8.13.4 RobustMethodologiesandGeneralizedSystems 164
8.14 StandardToolsforDevelopingEQ 164
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8.15 DevelopingaHarmonizedContentModel 165
8.16 TheIBSPDataMartandAnalyticalTools 165
8.17 ManagingResponseBurden 166
8.18 ElectronicQuestionnaires 166
8.19 LargeandComplexEnterprises 166
8.19.1 EPM/LAOSPrograms 167
8.19.2 CustomizedCollection 167
8.20 TaxReplacementStrategy 167
8.21 ActiveCollectionManagement 168
8.22 RollingEstimateModel 168
8.23 IBSPGrowthandAdaptation 169
8.24 EfficienciesGainedandLearned 170
8.25 Conclusion 170
References 171
9 TheDevelopmentandMaintenanceofStatisticalBusinessRegistersas
StatisticalInfrastructureinStatisticsIndonesiaandtheAustralianBureauof
Statistics 175
ImamMachdi,RatihPutriPertiwi,Rr.Nefriana,andWillemErasmus
9.1 Introduction 175
9.2 TheIndonesianandAustralianContext 175
9.3 TheDefinitionofaStatisticalBusinessRegister 176
9.4 TheEvolutionofSBRsinStatisticsIndonesiaandtheAustralianBureauof
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Statistics 176
9.4.1 DevelopmentoftheStatisticalBusinessRegisterinStatisticsIndonesia 177
9.4.1.1 Phase1(1970–2012):BusinessDirectory 177
9.4.1.2 Phase2(2013–2015):IntegratedBusinessRegister 177
9.4.1.3 Phase3(2015–2021):TheStatisticalBusinessRegister 178
9.4.2 DevelopmentoftheStatisticalBusinessRegisterintheAustraliaBureauof
Statistics 178
9.5 StatisticalBusinessRegisterDesigns 180
9.5.1 TheDesignoftheBPSSBR 180
9.5.1.1 StatisticalUnitModel 180
9.5.1.2 UnitCoverage 180
9.5.1.3 DataSources 181
9.5.1.4 MainProcesses 181
9.5.1.5 SBRIntegration 183
9.5.2 TheDesignoftheABSStatisticalBusinessRegister 183
9.5.2.1 CentralizedMaintenance 184
9.5.2.2 Dissemination 184
9.5.2.3 Uses 185
9.6 StatisticalBusinessRegisterBenefits 185
9.7 StatisticalBusinessRegisterChallenges 186
9.7.1 SBRGovernanceandPolicy 186
9.7.2 BusinessProcessIntegration 187
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