Advancements in Distributed Computing and Internet Technologies: Trends and Issues Al-Sakib Khan Pathan International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia Mukaddim Pathan Australian National University, Australia Hae Young Lee Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, South Korea Senior Editorial Director: Kristin Klinger Director of Book Publications: Julia Mosemann Editorial Director: Lindsay Johnston Acquisitions Editor: Erika Carter Development Editor: Mike Killian Production Editor: Sean Woznicki Typesetters: Christen Croley Print Coordinator: Jamie Snavely Cover Design: Nick Newcomer Published in the United States of America by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.igi-global.com Copyright © 2012 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Advancements in distributed computing and Internet technologies: trends and issues / Al-Sakib Khan Pathan, Mukaddim Pathan and Hae Young Lee, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “This book compiles recent research trends and practical issues in the fields of distributed computing and Internet technologies, providing advancements on emerging technologies that aim to support the effective design and implementation of service-oriented networks, future Internet environments and building management frameworks”-- Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-61350-110-8 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-61350-111-5 (ebook) -- ISBN 978-1-61350-112-2 (print & perpetual access) 1. Electronic data processing-- Distributed processing. 2. Service-oriented architecture (Computer science) 3. Internet. I. Pathan, Al-Sakib Khan. II. Pathan, Mukaddim. III. Lee, Hae Young, 1975- QA76.9.D5A3443 2012 004.67’8--dc23 2011013015 British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library. All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. Editorial Advisory Board Ragib Hasan, Johns Hopkins University, USA Riaz Ahmed Shaikh, University of Quebec, Canada Victor Govindaswamy, Texas A&M University, USA Christian Simone Vecchiola, University of Melbourne, Australia George Pallis, University of Cyprus, Cyprus Waleed W. Smari, University of Dayton, USA Norihiko Yoshida, Saitama University, Japan Tarem Ahmed, BRAC University, Bangladesh Marcos Assuncao, INRIA, France Table of Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgment ..................................................................................................................................xi Section 1 Internet-Based System Design Chapter 1 Analysis and Modeling of QoS Parameters in VoIP Traffic....................................................................1 Homero Toral-Cruz, University of Quintana Roo, Mexico Deni Torres-Román, Center of Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico Leopoldo Estrada-Vargas, Center of Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico Chapter 2 End-to-End Dataflow Parallelism for Transfer Throughput Optimization ...........................................23 Esma Yildirim, Louisiana State University, USA Tevfik Kosar, University at Buffalo (SUNY), USA Chapter 3 IPTV Challenges and Solutions in Metro Networks .............................................................................40 Sajjad Zare, Sahand University of Technology, Iran Akbar Ghaffarpour Rahbar, Sahand University of Technology, Iran Chapter 4 Utilization of Latency Measurements for Network-Based Applications ..............................................64 Mohammed Jubaer Arif, The University of Melbourne, Australia Chapter 5 MINTCar: A Tool Enabling Multiple Source Multiple Destination Network Tomography .................86 Laurent Bobelin, CNRS, France Chapter 6 Service Provision Evolution in Self-Managed Future Internet Environments ...................................112 Apostolos Kousaridas, University of Athens, Greece Panagis Madgalinos, University of Athens, Greece Nancy Alonistioti, University of Athens, Greece Section 2 Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications Chapter 7 Evaluating the Performance of the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard in Supporting Time-Critical Wireless Sensor Networks .................................................................................................................................142 Carlos Lino, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain Carlos T. Calafate, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain Pietro Manzoni, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain Juan-Carlos Cano, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain Arnoldo Díaz, Instituto Tecnológico de Mexicali, México Chapter 8 Data Gathering with Multi-Attribute Fusion in Wireless Sensor Networks .......................................159 Kai Lin, Dalian University of Technology, China Lei Wang, Dalian University of Technology, China Lei Shu, Osaka University, Japan Al-Sakib Khan Pathan, International Islamic University, Malaysia Chapter 9 Security Issues on Outlier Detection and Countermeasure for Distributed Hierarchical Wireless Sensor Networks .................................................................................................................................182 Yiying Zhang, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, China Lin He, Korea University, South Korea Lei Shu, Osaka University, Japan Takahiro Hara, Osaka University, Japan Shojiro Nishio, Osaka University, Japan Chapter 10 Computationally Efficient Cooperative Public Key Authentication Protocols in Ubiquitous Sensor Network ............................................................................................211 Abedelaziz Mohaisen, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, USA Tamer AbuHmed, Inha University, South Korea DaeHun Nyang, Inha University, South Korea Chapter 11 RNST: Precise Localization Based on Trilateration for Indoor Sensor Networks..............................230 Guangjie Han, Hohai University, China Wen Shen, Hohai University, China Chuan Zhu, Hohai University, China Lei Shu, Osaka University, Japan Joel Rodrigues, University of Beira Interior, Portugal Chapter 12 A WSN-Based Building Management Framework to Support Energy-Saving Applications in Buildings .............................................................................................................................................258 Antonio Guerrieri, University of Calabria, Italy Giancarlo Fortino, University of Calabria, Italy Antonio Ruzzelli, University College Dublin, Ireland Gregory O’Hare, University College Dublin, Ireland Section 3 Next Generation Distributed Systems Chapter 13 Publish/Subscribe Techniques for P2P Networks ...............................................................................275 Charlie Pham, University of Massachusetts, USA Duc A. Tran, University of Massachusetts, USA Chapter 14 A P2P-Based Strongly Distributed Network Polling Solution ...........................................................289 Cristina Melchiors, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Dionatan Teixeira Mattjie, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Carlos Raniery Paula dos Santos, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil André Panisson, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Lisandro Zambenedetti Granville, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Liane Margarida Rockenbach Tarouco, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil Chapter 15 Service-Oriented Networking for the Next Generation Distributed Computing ................................314 Qiang Duan, Pennsylvania State University, USA Chapter 16 Long-Term Evolution (LTE): Broadband-Enabled Next Generation of Wireless Mobile Cellular Network ...............................................................................................................................................332 Bing He, Aviat Networks Inc., USA Bin Xie, InfoBeyond Technology LLC, USA Sanjuli Agrawal, InfoBeyond Technology LLC, USA David Zhao, CERDEC, USA Ranga Reddy, CERDEC, USA Chapter 17 Service Level Provisioning for Cloud-Based Applications ................................................................363 Valeria Cardellini, University of Roma, Italy Emiliano Casalicchio, University of Roma, Italy Luca Silvestri, University of Roma, Italy Chapter 18 Decentralization in Distributed Systems: Challenges, Technologies and Opportunities ....................386 Mustafizur Rahman, The University of Melbourne, Australia Rajiv Ranjan, The University of New South Wales, Australia Rajkumar Buyya, The University of Melbourne, Australia About the Contributors ....................................................................................................................400 Index ...................................................................................................................................................413 viii Preface The concept of the Internet has been a tremendous success by this time. Other than being a great source of fun and enjoyment, millions of people around the world rely on the Internet for various tasks related to their livelihoods. The overwhelming growth of the Internet and its users is now a reality, which has put new thoughts among the research community to devise new ideas for giving coverage to a huge number of people around the globe. Distributed computing is facilitating the growth and proper utiliza- tion of various internetworking technologies. This book, entitled “Advancements in Distributed Computing and Internet Technologies: Trends and Issues,” compiles the recent research trends as well as common issues in the fields of distributed com- puting, and Internet technologies. The book aims to provide advancements on emerging technologies in these fields to support the effective design and implementation of distributed computing environments and Internet-based technologies. It is written mainly for graduate students, researchers, academics, and industry practitioners, working in the areas of Internet and distributed computing, who want to improve their understanding of the inter-related topics. THE CONTENTS OF THIS BOOK This book is comprised of 18 chapters, which are divided into three sections; Section I: Internet-Based Systems Design; Section II: Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications; and Section III: Next Genera- tion Distributed Systems. Section I of the book focuses on the issues and solutions related to the Internet-based technologies, such as VoIP, IPTV, and IP geolocation. In Chapter 1, Toral-Cruz et al. study the behavior of jitter and packet loss of VoIP traffic through the measurement and simulation-based measurements. As a result of this study, a detailed characterization of an accurate model of the QoS parameters is proposed. In Chapter 2, Yildirim and Kosar discuss the factors that affect the end-to-end application throughput in order to provide insight to the characteristics of the end-systems that cause the bottleneck for through- put. The authors then present a model to predict the optimal parallel stream number and show that the model gives very accurate results regardless of the type of the network. In Chapter 3, Zare and Rahbar review the challenges of IPTV in different contexts and present solutions and recommendations for each challenge. The methods to improve multicasting services in IPTV and the methods to improve QoS in DSL and wireless networks are also discussed in this chapter. In Chapter 4, Arif presents a systematic analysis of latency measurements between the Internet nodes and discusses the usages of latency for measurement-based Internet host geolocation. In Chapter 5, Bobelin gives a general overview of the ix process leading to topology reconstruction. The author also describes MINTCar that enables multiple sources, multiple destinations network tomography to measure available bandwidth. Chapter 6, by Kousaridas et al. presents an approach for service provisioning that incorporates cognitive features and promotes itself. In order to prove the viability and applicability of the proposed approach, the enhance- ment of the IP multimedia subsystem based on the proposed approach is also introduced. Section II of the book deals with the WSN-related topics, including performance, energy saving, security, and localization issues. In Chapter 7, Lino et al. make a performance analysis of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard by using the author’s routing protocol, the drain announcement-based routing scheme, in order to assess the effectiveness of the standard at supporting time-critical event monitoring appli- cations. In Chapter 8, Lin et al. study multi-attribute data fusion in sensor networks and propose an energy equilibrium routing method, namely multi-attribute fusion tree, to balance and save energy. In Chapter 9, Zhang et al. address the security issues due to outliers and present an outlier detection and countermeasure scheme to identify outliers and consequently defend against their security attacks by using corresponding countermeasures. In Chapter 10, AbuHmed et al. describe the problem of public key authentication in context of sensor networks and propose a solution that uses collaboration among sensor nodes for public key authentication. In order to provide precise localization for indoor sensor networks, in Chapter 11, Han et al. improve the two-phase positioning algorithm and propose a refer- ence node selection algorithm based on trilateration, which can provide real-time localization service. In Chapter 12, Guerrieri et al. define the specific requirements for applications of energy management in the building context and propose a framework for building management to support heterogeneous platforms, based on the requirements. Section III of the book focuses on the future generation of distributed systems, such as pub/sub archi- tecture, P2P, service oriented network (SON), Grid, and cloud systems. In Chapter 13, Pham and Tran provide a survey on the publish/subscribe techniques, which allows the nodes of a network to publish data and subscribe data interests efficiently, for P2P networks. In Chapter 14, Melchiors et al. propose a P2P-based architecture that supports polling network devices in a very flexible way, as required by real current Internet networks. In Chapter 15, Duan presents a new SON (Service-Oriented Networking) paradigm that applies the SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) with network virtualization for integrating communication networks into distributed computing environments. In Chapter 16, He et al. discuss the major advances of the long-term evolution of a cellular network technology for mobile phone systems and its recent research efforts in improving its performance. The chapter is comprehensive, spanning from the physical layer, link layer, handover process, and even to security issues. In Chapter 17, Cardel- lini et al. analyze the problem of service level provisioning and the possible strategies that can be used to address the problem. The authors also propose an approach for the dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning of cloud-based applications, which takes into account that the provider has to fulfill the service level. In Chapter 18, Rahman et al. discuss the major challenges of designing and implement- ing decentralization in Grid and cloud systems. It also presents a survey of the existing decentralized distributed systems and technologies regarding how these systems have addressed the challenges. WHAT NOT TO EXPECT FROM THE BOOK This book is a not a tutorial that provides detailed introductory information on the basic topics in the fields of distributed computing and Internet technologies. Even though few chapters contain some in-